Architecture Commons^™

Abstract Refining city services is gradually being placed in the hands of the citizens,

or, as in the case of IBM’s initiative, Blet’s build a planet of smarter cities (https://

www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/35573.wss), at their fingertips. By reducing

cost and gaining control in building smart transportation management systems, IBM

provided a grant to the city of Chicago to reinvigorate Chicago’s K-12 schools and city

college. Similarly, Catherine Bracy (https://www.codeforamerica.org/people/catherinebracy/)

and her team at Code for America are using technology to Bbuild governments

for the people and by the people in the twenty-first century.^ It is evident that smart

cities should accommodate every …

Historic preservation ordinances such as Philadelphia's are neutral laws of general application that do not, on their face, impose a substantial burden on the free exercise of religion. Nor do they in application, given a process for relief if designation imposes a substantial burden. It is the church's obligation to establish that designation would prevent it from carrying out its mission.