Architecture Commons^™

Urban Heat Islands Strategy Plan Vienna – Implementing Urban Green Infrastructure To Reduce Negative Effects Of Urban Heat Islands, Birgit Gantner, Brigitte Allex, Christiane Brandenburg, Doris Damyanovic, Florian Reinwald, Jürgen Preiss

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Urban heat islands (UHI) have been known since the 19th century (Howard, 1820) and describe the difference in temperature between cities and their rural surroundings. This difference can be up to 12°C (Eliasson, 2000, 31); the phenomenon is caused by the transformation of natural surfaces through e.g. soil sealing, construction of infrastructure and buildings. However, differences in temperature not only occur between cities and their adjacent areas, but also within different parts of cities depending on the provision of green and blue infrastructure as well as on their share of sealed surfaces. The situation is further aggravated by a changing …

Bialystok (Poland) - Green City. Historical Greenways In A Contemporary City, Dorota Gawryluk, Maciej Kłopotowski

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

In contemporary theories of city design the issue of green corridors appears more and more frequently. They concern the development of greenways of communicative, ecological and recreational functions. Their purpose is to change the modern city landscape. Routes network dominant in the city space is to be replaced by ecological structures, improving the quality of life and introducing the green into the city. This issue is discussed by a number of research teams and relates to the cities of different scale. Conducted works tend to indicate the direction for transformation of the existing urban structures. This process is to be …

Greenway Planning; Developing A Network Methodology For Jordan, Anne A. Gharaibeh, Haneen A. Sawalqah

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Greenway network planning has become an acknowledged tool for allocating land for recreational purposes. Within developing countries such as Jordan, urban laws lack implementation plans and/or policies regarding green open spaces, ecological networks and greenway planning. A review of the currently effective planning policies and city mandates of Jordan reveals that the concept of preserving land for environmental and recreational purposes is addressed (Laws no: 79/15/F, 79/19/F, 79/23/F, 79/52/F, 79/58/F, 1966), yet no strategies are present to instrument land acquisition other than land subdivision laws (Law no: 12/6, 1976 and 1980). Since these measures were not part of the physical …

Planning Greenway Alternatives Within The Rural Areas Of Bartın Province, Turkey, Ercan Gökyer, Melih Öztürk

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Recently overall the world, fragmentation in land uses has increased due to the rapid increase in population, urbanization and unplanned development. Fragmented landscapes have less connectivity and greater isolation. On the other hand, species are negatively influenced in a fragmented landscape. Greenway and connectivity are evaluated in landscape ecological studies in order to mitigate negative ecological conditions in urban areas (UN, 2014; Leitao and Ahern, 2002, Linehan et al., 1995). Under these conditions, linear green elements within the rural areas have gained prominence to be considered within greenway planning studies.

Nowadays, rural areas obtain increasing importance. These areas include ecological, …

Lp(R)Evolution: A City On The Way To The Future Las Palmas: Parkcity, Susanne Gerstberger

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

For the first time in 2008, more people lived in cities than in the countryside. The USA expect that in 2050, more than 70% of the expected global population of 9 billion will be at home in the constantly growing megacities. Everywhere, in cities and in the countryside, anthropogenic changes are becoming visible with growing speed. Human footprints can already be found at apparently untouched places, in natural landscapes. At the same time, there is a growing need and search for untouched nature or natural spaces in the city. Nature deficit disorder is a serious matter that has to be …

Vienna And The Danube Island: Shifting Objectives For An Urban Greenway, Dagmar Grimm-Pretner, Ulrike Krippner

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

The artificial Danube Island is today an important urban greenway and a crucial element of Vienna’s green network (Stadtentwicklung Wien, 2015). It is the result of two major flood protection projects that have had a fundamental impact on the Danube riverscape in Vienna. From 1870 to 1875 the branching river was straightened into one main riverbed with a large parallel inundation area of 825 hectares of almost flat ground. Overflows of the swiftly moving alpine river were then limited, but flooding remained a risk. In view of this, 100 years later, the inundation area was transformed into a 160-meter-wide flood-relief …

Planning Multifunctional Green Infrastructure In Urban Areas - Advanced Approaches Based On Case Studies From Denmark, Germany And The Uk, Rieke Hansen, Anton Stahl Olafsson, Alexander Van Der Jagt, Emily Rall, Stephan Pauleit

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Green infrastructure (GI) is considered to be a planning concept that has potential to improve green space planning in urban areas by offering a holistic, integrated approach (e.g., Pauleit et al., 2011; Davies et al., 2015). In this paper we focus on multifunctionality as an important principle of GI planning. By scrutinizing case studies in Germany (Berlin), the UK (Edinburgh), and Denmark (Aarhus), we examine how multifunctionality is acknowledged by urban green space practitioners and provide recommendations on how to consider multifunctionality more proactively and comprehensively.

Designation Of Potential Excavation Zones Suitable For Mining - Modelling Different Types Of Land Uses; Minatura2020 Hungarian Case Study (Tállya Region), Zoltán Horváth, Rita Szeiler, Anouk Cormont, Michiel Van Eupen

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

The exploitation of minerals in Europe is an indispensable activity to ensure that the present and future needs of the European society can be met. This means that sufficient access is required to explore and exploit minerals. At the same time the mineral requirements of our society must be met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Accordingly, potentially exploitable mineral deposits (known deposits, abandoned mines and historical mining sites) need to be assessed against other land uses, taking into account criteria such as habitats, other environmental concerns, priorities for settlements, etc. Decisions on the …

Utilizing Phytotechnologies: Redesigning Abandoned Gas Stations, Matt Hisle, Frank Sleegers

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Hazardous pollutants that exist in contaminated soils represent a threat to human, animal, and environmental health if left unmanaged. Phytoremediation in the U.S. was generally named and formally established in the 1980s and applied as an alternative method using plants to cleanse contaminated soils on site in a more economically and environmentally friendly way than removing contaminated soils off site. High expectations and mixed performances with failures outnumbering successes led to a crash of phytoremediation with a decline in environmental research funding by the early 2000s. “Phyto”, a book by landscape architects Kennen and Kirkwood (2015) recently reintroduces the subject …

Historic Roads Of Asia Minor And Greenway Potential For Ankara, Nedim Kemer

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Roads of the ancient era universally present valuable cultural and geographical assets on their courses. The routes of historic roads are generally determined by means of connecting settlements and important locations while providing safe, fast, and easy access through challenging geographies. Lush valleys and waterways with provision of food and water, scenic ridgelines, passageways through mountain ranges, and in some cases straight shortcuts in open plains are the usual access paths connecting cultural and economic terminal points. Critical geomorphologic, climatologic, and environmental factors play important role in determining the courses. Year round accessibility in climate dependent harsh conditions and anthropocentric …

Evolution And Evaluation Of Contemporary Greenways And Green Infrastructure In Sydney, Australia, Simon Kilbane, Jonathan Kopinski

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Greenways are as diverse in their contemporary forms as the geographical regions they sample. Within an Australian urban context this paper will outline how greenways have added to their culturally focussed intentions of recreation and active transport (Little, 1995; Walmsley, 1995) and could now be described as ‘green infrastructure’. Described by Benedict & McMahon (2006) as essential and life-supporting, Australian green infrastructure follows Europe’s lead (Jongman, Külvik, & Kristiansen, 2004) expanding the greenway remit to include vital hydrological functions (Ahern, 2007), the provision of valuable ecosystem services (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005) and a range of essential ecological benefits for urban …

Connectivity Analysis For Green Infrastructure Restoration Planning On National Level, László Kollányi, Klaudia Máté

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

The green infrastructure idea has getting more and more importance in the last years research papers and planning guidelines (Rouse & Bunster-Ossa, 2013) (EEA, 2011). According to one of the first definition green infrastructure (GI) is an interconnected network of waterways, wetlands, woodlands, wildlife habitats, and other natural areas, greenways, parks and other conservation lands, farms, ranches and forests, wilderness areas and other open spaces that support native species, maintain natural ecological processes, sustain air and water resources and contribute to the health and quality of life (Benedict & McMahon, 2000). According to the European Union’s approach green infrastructure is …

Avoid – Mitigate – Compensate: Halting The Loss Of Biodiversity In Landscapes “Under Pressure” - Landscape Planning And Eco Account Examples From The Stuttgart Region, Germany, Christian Küpfer, Sascha Arnold

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Within the European Union, Germany has the largest population (ca. 80 million) and the fourth highest population density (about 230 inhabitants per km²). In addition, the population’s need for living space is among the highest within Europe: in 2012, the rate of living space per resident was around 40 m² per person and far above Europe’s average for many other indicators, like percentage of urbanized land, population density, and motorization (table 1).

With its long history of urbanisation and industrialization after World War II and its geographical position in the centre of Europe, Germany faces strong challenges to balance the …

Biostead Initiative: A Transdisciplinary Initiative To Construct Safe-To- Fail Green Buildings As Sustainable Development Research Sites On University Campuses, Jose Lasalle, Ezra Marcus, Josh Nolan, Yamaan Ziade, Brandon Curtin

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Mutually arising with the continuing shift in control over resources, markets and technology to transnational corporations is the need to cultivate a global system of localized economies that root economic power and environmental responsibility in self-reliant people and communities (Korten, 1996). Adopting the modus operandi of centralization has effected a myriad of issues, including: peak oil, peak water, food insecurity and an impending food crisis, a deteriorating single-purpose infrastructure, economic instability and ecological devastation (Ahern, 2014, p. 2; Korten, 1996; Gunders, 2012, p.1; Hellwinckel & Ugarte, 2009; McLennan, 2006, p. 9). For instance, in the process of farmto- fork, the …

The Potential Impact Of Greening As A Directed Land Use On The Landscape Structure, Klaudia Máté, László Kollányi

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

The intensification of agricultural landscapes significantly sped up in the 20th century. The European Union created the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) with the objective of securing the productivity, the biodiversity and the ecological stability of agricultural landscapes. A new measure in the 2014 CAP Reform is “greening”. Its goal is to support agricultural activities which are beneficial to the climate and environment as well as to protect landscape elements which are important for ecosystems. The impact of this measure on the landscape structure is unpredictable.

In this study, we compare the earlier legislation to the current greening provisions in order …

Ecological Networks And Ecosystem Services In Urban Regions Implementation And Planning Practices, Mina Di Marino

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

In recent decades, urban developments, agriculture and growth of grey infrastructures have affected urban landscapes. The rapid expansions of cities have increasingly caused loss of biodiversity, degradation and fragmentation of habitats. In this context, Ecological Network (EN) and more recently Ecosystem Services (ES) have been the subject of increasing attention among academics and in global and European policies. EN has represented a concept to consider and plan for preserving biodiversity and sustainable use of resources. EN also provides ES, for instance, recreational services (such as the access to green space, recreation, and educational resources) and supporting services (such as safeguarding …

Greenways In Landscape Planning – Case Study: Municipality Of Subotica, Klara Marijanušić, Saša Orlović, Aleksandar Kurjakov, Lazar Pavlović, Maja Manojlović

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Municipality of Subotica is located at the northern part of the Vojvodina Province and Republic of Serbia, along the Hungarian border. The natural heritage of the Vojvodina Province (North part of Serbia) is extraordinary diverse with important ecosystem diversity. In the Vojvodina province there are extra natural and landscape areas specific for the South – East Europe as Deliblato sands (the biggest sand area in the Europe), hilly areas of Fruška Gora and Vršački breg. Also, the rivers Danube, Sava, Tisa, Begej, Tamiš and their floodplain zones (Apatinski rit, Monoštorski rit, Koviljski rit, Obedska bara, Carska bara, etc.), the steps …

The Legacy Of Frederick Law Olmsted’S Emerald Necklace In Contemporary Boston, James C. O’Connell

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

A few years ago, I was reading about a booming Chinese city that wanted to complement development with parks. Planners in Shenzhen were debating whether to create a “Central Park” or an “Emerald Necklace,” referencing the parks that landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted designed for New York (1858) and Boston (1878-1896) respectively. Shenzhen ended up creating an “Emerald Necklace” network of parkland, presumably because it served residents more effectively. This story indicates the strong influence that Frederick Law Olmsted still holds over planners and the public around the world.

Is There An Ideal Model For Effective Stormwater Management In Norway?, Ingrid Merete Ødegård

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Climate changes in Norway deals with increased amount of precipitation and an elevation of temperature. Increased urbanization with more dense surfaces provides even more flooding risks, which is and has been the reality many places for some years now (Hanssen-Bauer, I. et al 2015).

Use of stormwater as a resource was the main topic in Norsk Vann rapport 162/2008. (Lindholm et.al.2008), made as a guideline for climate adapted stormwater management in Norway. The report addresses water engineers, planners and landscape architects working to solve the increased amount of stormwater due to climate changes. Additional water management has to provide values …

Evaluation Methods Of Urban Trees Along The Danube In Budapest, Ildikó Réka Báthoryné Nagy, Katalin Takács

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Defined by national Hungarian legislation (National Act 1997. LXXVIII.), the evaluation of urban green spaces is required as part of an urban planning process. Such evaluation includes the analysis of dendrological features. In 2014 the procedure of urban planning regarding the river banks of the Danube at Budapest was started. The development of the Building Code of the river banks was based on numerous basic studies and researches in varying fields. The dendrological evaluation area was on both sides of the Danube River including 465 neighboring real estate lots, and also islands. We participated in a research which was meant …

Contemplative Greenway Design For The Health And Well-Being Of City Inhabitants, Agnieszka Olszewska

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

This paper presents the findings of the PhD research titled Contemplative Values of Urban Parks and Gardens, which can be applied to urban greenway design. We consider the network of urban green spaces a multifunctional structure that can not only serve environmental and aesthetical values, but also directly influence people´s mental health and well-being. Urban green infrastructure has a significant potential to serve as a place for the passive recreation that involves re-connecting with nature through contemplation. We made the concept of contemplative landscapes operational by identifying physical attributes of such spaces.

The study revealed seven key-categories of landscape design …

Climate Action Planning And Urban Greenways: Weaving Together Sustainability, Health And Resilience, David C. Ralston

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Envisioning and planning citywide greenways and supporting urban greening (green infrastructure) linked to climate action planning are surprisingly not well integrated in sustainable planning initiatives and in fact represent two separate landscape action approaches and two different scales and disciplines of focus. By not being strategically integrated, cities are missing out on many significant environmental and social co-benefits that are especially needed at this time. Consider, the planning focus for greenways (especially in the US context) over the last forty-years has generally emerged from a landscape design and park planning tradition and thus we see various inter-city/regional or suburban “pleasure …

The Potential Roles Of Biodiverse Green Roofs In The Extending Urban Green Network, Krisztina Szabó

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

The role of urban green network is increasingly needed due to urbanization and the growing urban population. The high number of buildings, the different infrastructural developments and the high quantity of covered surface do not allow increase greenery on the ground level; there are few residual spaces that can be turned into green areas. One solution could be the vertical walls and green roofs which can considerably help developing urban green network of the future (Susca et al., 2011). Due to the acute conflicts between high density development and limited land, many European, American and Chinese cities adopted an effective …

Cultural Tourism Trails As Part Of Sustainable Tourism – The Tool Of Shaping The Greenways And Protection Of Ecosystems In Gorce, Jadwiga Środulska-Wielgus, Krzysztof Wielgus, Olga Maj

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Gorce are part of Carpathians – Western Beskidy, Mountains. They are located in Southern Poland, ca. 25km north of High Tatra Mountains. They stretch on approximately 550km². Gorce attract tourists with varying terrain and, most of all, some of the most beautiful open wide views of surrounding mountain chains. The relics of the original Carpathian Forest and the landscape of deeply cut mountain streams are also very valuable. Impressive rock outcroppings and not-yet-explored, numerous caves can also be found here.

The phenomenon of Gorce comes from the unique landscape, shaped by both nature and by man, originally for shepherding, then …

Landscape Infrastructure And The Retrofitting Of Sustainability Into Suburban Communities: Irvine, California’S Jeffrey Open Space Trail, Deni Ruggeri

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

This paper investigates the performance of the Jeffrey Open Space Trail in Irvine, CA a recent ‘green infrastructure” project, It emphasizes the social performance of this landscape--its ability to promote healthy community life, stronger identity and public health. The data consisted of observations conducted in January 2016 and analysed using Ahern’s (2007) cultural performance indicators. The results suggest that while this linear park successfully provides Irvine residents many opportunities for physical activity and diverse visual experiences, it fails to serve as social and communitybuilding infrastructure.

Developing Opportunities Of Bicycle Tourism Between Budapest And Lake Balaton, Beáta Stefanics

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

This paper is written about a method of developing bicycle tourism and one day circular cycle routes between Budapest and Lake Balaton, between the two main tourist destinations in Hungary. There is a significant interest in that topic because of the 1364/2011. (XI. 8.) Governmental Decision about the need to develop bike routes, which says that the Budapest–Balaton path has the priority in governmental development. My study area is assigned by the proposed Budapest–Balaton cycle path of the National Spatial Plan (Országos Területrendezési Terv) and its surroundings which is enclosed by the boundaries of the settlements within 10 kilometers (6,2 …

Improving Urban Greenways Using James Rose’S Theories Of Integration, Claudia Stoll

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

After an insightful discussion with my peers regarding the theories of landscape urbanism, we concluded that many of the concepts are not new, but were perhaps extrapolated from landscape design principles well known to us. Throughout the discussion, I could not help but think back on my previous research about the mid-century modern landscape architect, James Rose, who’s rebellious designs and intriguing publications spoke to larger concepts than purely form and design, unapologetically. His theories, although laced with humor and sarcasm, have many relevant applications in designing urban parks in cities today. His theories on the integration of indoors and …

Structural Soil In Dense City Areas - Functions And Chances For Urban Greenway Development, Marzena Suchocka, Henryk Kociel

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

The densest parts of cities, parts with the most infrastructure, are losing green areas and trees. The majority of urban site conditions for trees often do not provide them with enough opportunity for healthy growth and development and allow only a few years of vegetation. Visible symptoms of health issues in trees are usually lesions within the crown or stem and are mainly due to the impact of unfavourable factors which have been exerted upon the root system. The most severe causes of poor health in trees are associated with the intense growing environment in urban areas and damaging impact …

Pressing Challenges In China’S Greenway Planning And Design: Promoting Or Diminishing Cultural Identities And Values?, Hongbing Tang

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Greenways are networks of land containing linear elements that are planned, designed and managed for multiple purposes including ecological, recreational, cultural, aesthetic, or other purposes compatible with the concept of sustainable land use (Ahern, 1995). The greenway movement is a new concept that integrates many established landscape architectural, planning and design ideas, concepts, and implementation techniques. (Fabos, 1995).

This paper is primarily focused on pressing challenges in the greenway movement taking place in many parts of China that are out of cultural and historic contexts, resulting in diminishing cultural identities and values. It attempts to re-examine the greenway planning strategies …

The Garden Kingdom Of Dessau-Wörlitz As An Example For The Management Of A Historical Monument, Heike Tenzer

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Located between the Bauhaus town of Dessau and Lutherstadt Wittenberg, the Garden Kingdom of Dessau-Wörlitz covers an area of about 145 square kilometres; equivalent to about one quarter of its original size in the 18th/19th century.

The Garden Kingdom of Dessau-Wörlitz is the largest area of an historical cultural landscape in Saxony-Anhalt. Former research projects were focused on the design and constructional highlights of the cultural landscape, which means: castles, small structures, historic town centers and parks. The landscape which is situated between those constructions was assessed partially due to landscape planning values.

Between those different evaluations it lacked the …