Architecture Commons^™

Survey Of Suitable Plants For Cal Poly's Green Wall, Katrina Burritt

Horticulture and Crop Science

Green wall technology is a growing industry in the United States and has been very successful for a several years throughout Europe. The objective of this survey was to study the success of several different species of plants on a vertical wall facing south at Cal Poly’s Horticultural Department Unit. At first the focus was aimed at using California native species, because it was thought that natives would be better acclimated to the exposure in this specific location. It became apparent that plants should not be selected for the wall based just on the fact that they are California natives. …

La Serreta Endokarst (Se Spain): A Sustainable Value?, Antonia D. Asencio, Teodoro Espinosa

International Journal of Speleology

La Serreta endokarst (SE Spain), which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site in 1998, was considered a sanctuary with cave art and one of the most important archaeological sites in the Mediterranean region for both the remains it hosts and the spectacular karstic landscape at the site.

To coincide with the 40th anniversary of its discovery, the La Serreta cave-chasm was adapted for public use with the intention of showing visitors the remains, which date back to prehistoric times. The solution included attempts to minimize contact with the valuables in the cave in order to alter the existing remains as …

Ankara-Sakarya Greenway Planning, Mukerrem Arslan, Emin Barış, Elmas Erdoğan, Zuhal Dilaver

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Greenways have many distinct functions. The purposes of greenways may generally be described as the: protection of biological diversity, to establish connections between habitats, to supply the orientation of urban development and the development of recreational uses and tourism throughout rural and urban landscapes and also to preserve both historical and cultural sources and ecological assets.

Greenway is the creation of an outdoor green zone, which atteches settlements to each other either in rural and urban environments and people with nature, and which may be considered as a connection between different settlements. Greenways are green connections in the form of …

National Heritage Areas: Evaluating Past Practices As A Foundation For The Future, Brenda Barrett

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

The United States National Heritage Areas (NHA) are congressionally designated lived-in landscapes that reflect the nation’s significant and diverse landscape. The management of these areas is based on a community-driven approach to heritage conservation and economic development. Beginning in 1984, the movement took root and rapidly grew to its present number of 49 NHAs with dozens of proposed areas under consideration (“National Heritage Areas” National Park Service). The idea was founded in many of same impulses as the early greenway approach. Glenn Eugester traces the evolution the idea to a number of separate, but related ideas to coordinate natural resource …

Integrating Agriculture In Greenways: A Methodology For Planning Connected Urban And Peri-Urban Farmlands In A Mediterranean City, Luca Barbarossa, Daniele La Rosa, Riccardo Privitera

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Cities are often threatened by a loss of environmental quality due the rapid increase of urbanized areas that fragment natural landscapes. This is particularly true at the cities’ fringe where uncontrolled urbanization is often characterized by discontinuous patterns and consequent fragmentation of farmlands. These phenomena are particularly relevant in Mediterranean cities, where the high degree of land-use transitions, a consequence of urban growth with poor environmental regulations produce urban landscapes characterized by a lack of green areas and high levels of ecological fragmentation (EEA, 2006).

Greenways are one of the most powerful and widespread tools used at urban, metropolitan and …

Link Detroit! A New Paradigm For Detroit’S Non-Motorized Community, Neal J. Billetdeaux, Henry L. Byma

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Detroit is experiencing a watershed moment in its non-motorized connectivity. Despite the economic issues facing the city over the last several decades, an interest in revitalizing the riverfront has resulted in the Detroit RiverWalk, a major land reclamation along the Detroit River promoting highly desired public access. Another realized gem is the first phase of the Dequindre Cut greenway in an abandoned rail corridor. This corridor was known worldwide for its underground graffiti art and has become a popular destination for Detroit residents as well as visitors. In parallel with these efforts, and separate from the downtown core, Midtown Detroit, …

Impressions From A Lost World, The Connecticut River Valley Trackway Plan: Preliminary Concepts, Annaliese Bischoff

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

This researcher serves as both a consultant to and member of the project team with the Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association (PVMA), a nationally recognized history museum and library. PVMA is working in collaboration with institutional partners and other consultants on an ambitious National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) preliminary planning grant (awarded in 2012) entitled “Impressions from a Lost World” under the Interpreting America’s Historic Places Planning Project program. With the focus to tell a compelling story about the early 19th century discovery of three-toed dinosaur tracks along a sixty-mile stretch of the Connecticut River Valley in Massachusetts and Connecticut, …

Incorporating Wildlife Conservation Within Local Land Use Planning And Zoning: Ability Of Circuitscape To Model Conservation Corridors, Virginia L. Batha, Toru Otawa

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Allocation of our world’s natural resources will become increasingly important as the human population continues to grow. Apportionment is especially imperative when considering the health of wildlife populations’ worldwide (Svoray, Bar, & Bannet, 2005; Theobald, Hobbs, Bearly, Zack, Shenk, & Riebsame, 2000). Efforts to provide basic infrastructure, housing, and food for a growing human population confounds the ability of wildlife to meet their own needs (Lagabrielle, Botta, Dare, David, Aubert, & Fabricius, 2010; Svoray et al., 2005). Previous research indicates that human conversion of native habitat is the leading threat to wildlife in the United States and throughout the world …

The Emergence And Significance Of Heritage Areas In New York State And The Northeast, Paul M. Bray

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Heritage areas originally known as urban cultural parks are a form of park that emerged in the 1960s and has grown to include 49 national heritage areas and state heritage areas in New York State, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts and Maryland. As a park, heritage areas are urban settings or regional landscapes that expand the traditional elements of national and state parks in that they are a means under a heritage theme to preserve and manage an amalgam of natural and cultural resources to provide forms of recreation and foster sustainable economic development.

This paper will provide an overview of New York …

An Evaluation Of Open Space Quality In Suburban Residential Communities: A Comparison Of Neotraditional, Cluster, And Conventional Developments, Elizabeth Brabec

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

In the past 35 years, planning theory for open space in both urban and suburban developments has begun to focus not only on recreation, but on the creation of multifunctional landscapes. The flight of homeowners out of cities to relatively inexpensive land and housing in the suburban fringe during the latter part of the last century, placed tremendous pressure on ecosystems, water quality, visual quality, agricultural land and also recreation opportunities. For these reasons, the goals for open space in many suburban developments over the past three decades have expanded to provide active and passive recreational areas, to serve as …

Oasis Greenways: A New Model Of Urban Park Within Street Right-Of-Ways In Dorchester, Massachusetts, Tom Bertulis, Peter Furth

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Parks and greenways can offer many benefits to urban communities in many areas including recreational, public health, and increased land value. However, there are often few opportunities to carve out a narrow, continuous green space in the built-up parts of our cities. One prospect involves using available land in rail or utility corridors; another involves radical road diets to create space along major roads. This paper examines another approach, using the right-of-way (ROW) of local streets to transform pavement into linear parks that we call Oasis Greenways. An Oasis Greenway has ultra-low motor vehicle speeds and volumes, allowing there to …

Retrofitting Cities: A Case Study In Baltimore - Exploring New Trends In Urban Greenways, Jim Brown

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Landscape Architecture is presented with a unique design challenge in the contemporary city as ideas of green infrastructure and sustainability are gaining significance, and the emerging role of greenways’ importance in shaping future urban form. There is significant discussion of the role of urban greenways along natural corridors providing recreation and environmental services in cities (Gobster &Westphal et al., 2004) as well as the role of greenways in creating synergy on differing scales addressing sustainability and connectivity in urban areas (Sharma, 2010). Additionally there has been an emerging discussion of how Detroit and other “blighted” or “legacy” rust-belt cities are …

Civilizing Ecological Landscape Through Assimilation Of Urban Parks & Vacancy: A Case Study Baltimore, Md, Elizabeth Carroll

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

A gap between public support and urban sustainable design is evident through acknowledging the majority of the work done in urban sustainability efforts has been led by architects and has been relatively limited. Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification for example was a sustainability effort developed by and for architects therefore lacks in identifying sustainable practices beyond the building. Only until recently has there been a system of identifying sustainable practices among our larger infrastructure and territory, the Sustainable Sites Initiative (SITES) which itself has not become fully integrated within city planning and design. Sustainable landscape practices have …

Assessing Public Health Benefits Through Green Infrastructure Strategies In Medium-Sized Cities In Spain. Case Study: La Coruña., Pedro Calaza-Martínez, Luis Ribeiro

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

The last UNFPA statistical data show up that over the 50% of the world´s population has lived in urban areas since 2010. Although it´s true that cities offer multiple opportunities (job, knowledge, culture,…) also it is true that they have a negative aspect in everything related with the fast pace of life, the lack of leisure areas, the social incohesion and the public health. Among the different alternatives that may be suggested to try to minimize this problem and look for more healthy cities, inside a global sustainability framework, stands out green infrastructure (GI). As we know, green infrastructure, regardless …

Water-Related Ecosystem Services From Green Infrastructure, Meilan Chen, Ying Cao, Zhangkan Zhou

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Green infrastructure is currently in common use to provide water-related ecosystem services. Common applications include: use include bio-retention basins, green roofs, constructed wetlands, permeable pavement, and sidewalk planter. These applications collectively can contribute to a city and region's alternative infrastructure. They help to improve the water quality of streams and drinking water supplies as well as manage and reduce the amount of storm water runoff.

While green infrastructure is increasingly applied, it is not consistently monitored to learn how it performs regarding specific ecosystem services. Ecosystem services are the benefits that people can get from nature ecosystem. In this paper …

Effects Of Detention For Flooding Mitigation Under Climate Change Scenarios— Implication For Landscape Planning In The Charles River Watershed, Massachusetts, Usa, Chingwen Cheng, Elizabeth A. Brabec, Yi-Chen E. Yang, Robert L. Ryan

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Climate change has posed increased risks to environmental hazards (e.g., flooding, droughts, hurricanes) in addition to new challenges under climate change impacts (e.g., early snow melt, sea level rises, heat waves). Floods are omnipresent in almost every city in the United States and account for the most economic losses than any other single geophysical hazard (White and Haas 1975). Previous climate change studies have suggested promising trends of increasing temperature and changing precipitation patterns as well as increased intensity and duration of storm events that are likely to result in more flooding events in the Northeast region. Flooding mitigation strategies …

Perceptions And Implementations Of Urban Green Infrastructures In France: Three Cases Of Studies (Paris, Marseille, Strasbourg), Laure Cormier, Etienne Grésillon, Sandrine Glatron, Nathalie Blanc

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Green infrastructures have gradually become imperative in planning since the end of 1990s in Europe (Jongman et al, 2004). Numerous urban areas in France mobilize and reinterpret the notion according to stakes of their territory (Blanc, 2012). With the promulgation of Grenelle 1 and 2 Laws (in 2009 and 2010), today every local authorities have to integrate an ecological reflection on green infrastructures into its planning projects at metropolitan and local scales, called “trame verte”. To cover a plurality of contexts of cultural, social, geographical and ecosystematic levels, three cities were retained to understand how this reflection is set up: …

Scientific Approaches For Designing Ecological Networks: A Case Study For The Faunal Species Of Inland Wetlands Of Lower Saxony, Germany, Rosa Contreras

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Several methods and tools have been developed to achieve the goals of nature conservation and for the design of ecological networks. In that sense, some frameworks proposed by several authors are applied to all levels of biodiversity conservation. One goal of the ecological networks is to represent and to promote the persistence of biodiversity within a region, however few efforts have concentrated the tools or methods useful to implement such frameworks. In several cases, the focus is on the quantitative area selection methods, others on the focal species approach or just on the species persistence and viability analysis. Nonetheless, when …

The Portuguese National Ecological Network - A Mapping Proposal, Natália S. Cunha, Manuela R. Magalhães

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

In Portugal, the Ecological Network (EN) was included in the Portuguese legal system in 1999 according to which it must be considered, delineated and implemented in all landscape plans at all spatial scales. Despite of all EU policies, in Portugal the EN is defined by the set of areas, values and key systems for environmental protection (article 14th of the Decree Law n. º 46/2009). Furthermore, at national level there is only the Program for National Planning Policy, which doesn’t include any EN delimitation.

This paper presents a methodology for the delineation of the National Ecological Network (NEN) based on: …

Which Local Approaches For European Green Infrastructures Concept? Case Analysis Of The Angers And Porto, Laure Cormier, Helena Madureira

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

In the last fifty years European cities has been experiencing high dynamics of landscape change. The environmental and social impacts of urban sprawl are widely discussed among researchers. There is a growing pattern of population movement into suburban areas, and a commonly cited reason is the attraction to rural areas because of the associated aesthetics of the landscape. Indeed, for them, naturalness is the most attractive value of this landscape. The periurban nature is predominantly characterized by a rural matrix (90% of suburban areas) (Cavailhès, 2009). Paradoxically, at the same time that urban sprawl is affecting surrounding rural landscapes, suburban …

Opportunities For Greenways Through Development Of Ecological And Green Corridor Landscape Planning In Hungary, Attila Csemez, Judit Bárcziné Kapovits

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

In the specialist literature on landscape design, greenways are multi-functional routes which optimally have both recreational and ecological functions. The recreational function of greenways is primarily use by pedestrians, cyclists and horse-riders. The ecological role of greenways means that optimally they are part of a given landscape’s ecological system. In the course of our research – taking into account the natural, social and economic conditions, as well as landscape and design precedents – we are seeking answers to questions within the following categories: (1) justifications for the creation of greenways in Hungary; (2) the geographical areas in which greenways may …

An Integrated Approach Of Landscape Design In The Rehabilitation Of An Urban River Corridor: River Tinto, Diana Teixeira Fernandes

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Due to the increasing demand for its water resources, the changes in land use and the fast urban sprawl, the river Tinto became the mass of surface water of the river Douro´s watershed with lower physicochemical and biological quality. Taking into account its scale and urban context, the severity of the pollution level and the periodic flooding problem, became urgent to accomplish priority solutions for its riverside landscape, based on natural recovery principles and flood protection.

The purpose of this paper is to stress the contribution of the integrated approach of landscape design in the improvement of the life quality …

Green Space Typologies In The City Of Porto – Portugal: Identifying Nodes And Links For Greenway Planning, Paulo Farinha-Marquesa, Cláudia Fernandes, José M. Lameirasa, Filipa Guilherme, Isabel Leal, Sara Silva

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

In the XIX century, Porto was a small and compact urban centre surrounded by a large belt of agriculture and forest. Since the mid XX century, as a consequence of the industrial revolution, the city sprawled throughout the rural fringes up to its administrative limits creating an urban continuum with the adjacent municipalities. As a result, the current green structure of the city lacks a long-term planning strategy with resulting breakdown of the rural matrix, fragmentation and discontinuity of main green systems.

Functioning as habitat and corridors, urban greenways are very effective strategies for minimizing overall impacts of ecological fragmentation: …

A Greenway Network Vision For Metro Boston, Peter G. Furth, David Loutzenheiser, Steven Miller, Peyman Noursalehi

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Urban greenways are attractive for walking and especially for bicycling because they offer a pleasant and near-traffic-free environment in an area with high population density and rich with destinations. Unfortunately, urban greenways are often not connected to one another, requiring cyclists to negotiate heavy traffic getting from one greenway to another and thus diminishing their utility. In the Boston region, a planning and visioning effort is underway to promote the vision of a network of connected greenways offering continuous pleasant, low-stress routes by bicycle or by foot between origins and destinations across the urban area. The network plan emphasizes both …

The Knowledge And Attitude To Species Invasion Issue In Greenway Planning: A Study In China, Fan Fu, Zhao Caijun, Lin Guangsi

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Greenway is important green infrastructure which has ecological, recreational and cultural/historic functions applied in macro(country), medium(region) and micro(city) levels. Generally, greenway is in linear or reticular forms so that it is called “way”. Greenway has a long history in United States and Europe, and many successful projects have been implemented. Conversely, greenway has a very short history in China, because China lately started it urbanization in 1990s with a low degree of urbanization, which had grown from 26.37% in 1991 to 36.22% to 2000. Thus, for a long time, Chinese landscape architects had focuses on the level of urban area …

The Chinese Characteristics In The Planning And Design Of Guangdong Greenway, He Fang, Suo Xiu, Li Hui

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

As a typical example of greenway networks in China and Asia, Guangdong Greenway Network is of epoch-making and practical significance. The practice of Pearl River Delta Regional Greenway is instructive for other developing countries and densely-populated urban areas to build their greenway networks. The experience of Guangdong Greenway Network gives new Chinese characteristics to the concept and practice of greenway.

China has a profound history of greenways. Even before the Qin Dynasty was established, there already existed a great number of prototypes of greenway. These greenways were born in ancient era where the original productivity remained at a low level …

Legible Greenways: Enhancing The Visual Coherence And Imageability Of The Western Sydney Parklands, Catherine Evans, Linda Corkery

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

This paper reports on a studio-based project which developed and tested a framework for assessing the legibility of Western Sydney Parklands (WSP) in Australia and preparing proposals to enhance its visual coherence and imageability. Comprising 5280 contiguous hectares (over 13,000 acres) of public land and 27 km (about 17 miles) long, the WSP is a significant recreation resource and an important greenway corridor in the urban ecology of the Sydney basin. Despite its size, the WSP does not register in the mental maps of most Sydney residents, including many who live nearby. This is explained in part by the complex …

A Watershed Event: Communicating Landscape Processes, Jeanmarie Hartman, Donna Webb

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

A watershed event was created to illustrate and quantify how water from precipitation moves across a land surface. This illustration is one of many that would be useful in developing the environmental literacy of greenway and open space supporters. The physical activity of marking the small sub-watersheds generated discussion and collaboration between volunteers. Stopping to watch the occasion of water shedding created a notable event. The materials assembled for documenting the event have provided materials for website presentation and lectures. The basic process is fairly easy to organize and recommended for use by greenway and open space groups who are …

The Mill River Greenway Initiative: Community-Based, Long-Term Greenway Planning And Design In Williamsburg And Northampton, Massachusetts, Reid Bertone-Johnson, Sophia Geller, John Sinton, Neal Bastek

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Puritans first settled Northampton, Massachusetts in the mid-17th century with a vision in mind – that of a well-ordered community in which the Mill River would play an integral part in their lives. So long as the community hewed to the right path, the river would accommodate the community’s needs. Primary among those needs was waterpower, so the anchor sites for development along the river were the falls. Over the next 200 years, as the Puritan mind metamorphosed into an American industrial mentality, the Mill River’s residents created an industrial necklace with mills and factories decorating a ribbon of water. …

New Villages: Planning And Design Of Compact Growth Centers Shaped By Natural, Cultural And Recreational Greenways, Peter Flinker Fasla

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

The last several decades have seen the emergence of numerous planning strategies and implementation techniques to preserve open space and promote Smart Growth and Sustainable Development at the local level:

 Greenway networks that preserve intact ecosystems.

 Green Infrastructure systems that protect floodplains, water supplies and other assets.

 Recreational greenways that link key locations with hiking, biking and other trail networks.

 Agricultural preserves that protect local food supplies.

 Cultural landscape protection that preserves visual and historic character.

 Revitalization of Main Streets and suburban commercial strips.

 Open Space Subdivisions/ Conservation Development.

 Masterplanned Growth Centers …