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Evaluating The Impact Of An Intervention To Promote Empathy For Patients With Substance Use Disorder In A Rural Emergency Department, Theresa Poling

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Background

Negative attitudes of health professionals towards patients with SUD are common and contribute to suboptimal health care for this marginalized group of patients (Van-Boekel, Brouwers, Van-Weeghel & Garretson, 2013).

Objectives

Promoting empathy in the Emergency Department (ED) has the potential to increase nursing staff’s awareness of their attitudes and perceptions toward patients with SUD, thereby decreasing the stigma associated with addiction and improving patient care and patient outcomes. The rationale for implementing this project was to evaluate a tool to promote empathy. This tool was developed by the student researcher based on a literature search and analysis.

Design

This …

Orofacial Granulomatosis In A Child, Reena Razdan, Maxwell D. Newby, Michele M. Carr

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is a rare, idiopathic disorder of the orofacial region. It is clinically characterized by persistent and/or recurrent enlargement of the soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial region, often manifesting as labial enlargement and swelling of intraoral sites such as the gingiva, tongue, and buccal mucosa. Full-thickness mucosal biopsy reveals noncaseating granulomatous inflammation, similar to Crohn’s disease and sarcoidosis. Thus, OFG must be distinguished from other chronic granulomatous disorders. We report a case of a young female patient who presented with labial and maxillary gingival enlargement without any identifiable systemic causes, with suggested involvement of environmental triggers.

Improving Exposure For Transoral Oropharyngeal Surgery With The Floor Of Mouth Window: A Cadaveric Feasibility Study, Jefferson Chung, Adam Bender-Heine, H. Wayne Lambert

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background: Transoral robotic and laser surgery is rising in popularity due to the increasing incidence of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) related oropharyngeal cancer. However, adequate exposure of the tongue base remains a major hurdle in many cases. This study introduces a novel surgical technique called the Floor of Mouth Window, which can be used to improve tongue base exposure at the time of transoral surgery. Methods: This is a preclinical anatomic cadaver study. Seven fresh cadavers were used for this study. Exposure of the tongue base was compared between conventional mouth gags – the Feyh-Kastenbauer and McIvor – and our …

A Rare Case Of Adult Congenital Heart Disease: Single Ventricular Chamber With Anomalous Right Coronary Artery In An Octogenarian, Muhammad Shabbir Rawala, Anna Saleem Ahmed, Syed Bilal Rizvi

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

ABSTRACT Patients with single-ventricle physiology encompass a wide array of anatomic subtypes, including but not limited to: tricuspid atresia, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, doubleoutlet or double-inlet ventricles. The outcomes for patients with single ventricle born before 1990 are relatively poor. An 81-year-old female presented to the hospital as non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. She was started on antiplatelet and anticoagulation. Echocardiogram revealed a single ventricle which was thought to be left ventricle with possible transposition of great vessels. Angiography was performed that identified the single ventricle and anomalous origin of the right coronary artery (RCA). She was also found to have …

Consistent Technique Limits Suspension Laryngoscopy Complications, Sean P. Larner, Rick A. Fornelli, Shane D. Griffith

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

ntroduction Suspension laryngoscopy (SL) is a commonly performed procedure among otolaryngologists. Several studies have shown that adverse effects occur regularly with SL.

Objective To evaluate the postoperative complications of SL, and to determine if protecting the dentition and the oral mucosa and limiting suspension times decrease the overall incidence of oral cavity and pharyngeal complications of SL.

Methods All of the cases of SL performed by 1 surgeon from November 2008 through September 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. A consistent technique for dental and mucosal protection was utilized, and suspension times were strictly limited to 30 consecutive minutes. The incidence of …

Student And Faculty Perceptions: Appropriate Consequences Of Lapses In Academic Integrity In Health Sciences Education, Tianna Antill Keener, Marina Galvez Peralta, Melinda Smith, Lauren Swager, James Ingles, Sijin Wen, Mariette Barbier

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background: A breadth of evidence supports that academic dishonesty is prevalent among higher education students, including students in health sciences educational programs. Research suggest individuals who engage in academic dishonesty may continue to exhibit unethical behaviors in professional practice. Thus, it is imperative to appropriately address lapses in academic dishonesty among health sciences students to ensure the future safety of patients. However, students and faculty have varying perceptions of what constitutes academic dishonesty and the seriousness of breaches in academic dishonesty. The purpose of this study is to gain health sciences faculty and students’ perceptions on the appropriate consequences of …

Early Class Iii Treatment Decision-Making, Peter Ngan, David Musich

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Clinicians make decisions for their patients everyday. Ryan Hamilton, in his course guidebook, How You Decide: The Science of Human Decision Making, summarized the current research on the 4 R's of decision-making that matter: reference points, reasons, resources, and replacement. The authors will apply this principle in the decision- making necessary for the growing Class III patients. First, the decision on whether to treat or not to treat Class III patients in the mixed dentition rely on a thorough diagnosis and objectives for early treatment. For example, elimination of a functional shift of the mandible may be a good …

Pro-Con Debate: Nitrous Oxide For Labor Analgesia, Manuel C. Vallejo, Mark I. Zakowski

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

This Pro-Con debate will provide the practitioner with an evidence-based knowledge approach to assist the clinician in determining whether to employ (Pro) or not to employ (Con) this technique in the obstetrical suite for labor analgesia. Nitrous oxide has been used safely in dentistry and medicine for many centuries. However, accumulating preclinical and clinical evidence increasingly suggests previously unrecognized adverse maternal and fetal effects of nitrous oxide, which warrants reconsideration of its use in pregnant women and a more detailed informed consent. Nitrous oxide is associated with metabolic, oxidative, genotoxic, and transgenerational epigenetic effects in animals and humans that may …

Clinical And Microbiologic Investigation Of An Expedited Peri-Implantitis Dog Model: An Animal Study, Wook Jin Seong, Georgios Kotsakis, Jong-Ki Huh, Soo Cheol Jeong, Ki Young Nam, Jong Ryul Kim, Young Cheul Heo, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Lei Zhang, Michael D. Evans, Heather Conrad, Robert J. Schumacher

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background: Animal studies are pivotal in allowing experimentation to identify efficacious treatment protocols for resolution of peri-implantitis. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize an expedited dog peri-implantitis model clinically, radiographically, and microbiologically. Methods: Eight hound dogs underwent extractions (week 0) and implant (3.3 × 8.5 mm) placement with simultaneous surgical defect creation and ligature placement for induction of peri-implantitis (week 10). Ligatures were replaced at 6 weeks (week 16) and removed after 9 weeks (week 19) when supporting bone loss involved approximately 50% of the peri-implant bone. Microbial samples from the defects and healthy control implant sites collected …

An Entire Coronary System Arising From Right Coronary Cusp: A Rare Anomaly, Muhammad Shabbir Rawala, Syed Imran Rizvi, Syed Bilal Rizvi

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

The prevalence of coronary artery anomalies is approximately 0.6% in individuals undergoing angiography. Most of the anomalies are benign, but some can lead to myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, and sudden cardiac death. It is very rare to have an entire coronary circulation that arises from the right coronary cusp. We present a case of a 57-year-old male who presented with complaints of chest pain and dyspnea on exertion. An invasive angiogram revealed all the three coronary arteries originating from the right coronary cusp. It is crucial to define coronary anatomy as anomalies dictate which cardiac intervention should be attempted in cases …

The Effect Of Occlusal Pressure On Vertical Force Generation On Dentate And Edentulous Subjects, Matthew Thomas Harper

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Objectives: To determine 1) the difference in lower extremity power obtained from a vertical jump in individuals who are dentate or edentulous (implants or dentures) and 2) the difference occlusal pressure makes on lower body force output. Variables included jump height, maximum kicking force, maximum push off force, take off velocity, flight time, jump impulse, and maximum velocity. Groups included dentate, implant overdenture, and conventional denture.

Methods: Counter movement jumping with force plate collection was utilized to test the three populations in this study. The three populations were dentate, mandibular implant overdenture opposing maxillary complete denture, and conventional maxillary and …

The Life And Work Of Alex Klein, Ramon Thiago Mendes De Oliveira

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Alex Klein is one of the best-known figures of the American oboe school. He is the winner of multiple international competitions, including the first prize at the Geneva’s Concours International d’Execution Musicale. Appointed principal oboe at the Chicago Symphony Orchestra in 1995, Klein is one of the most highly regarded musicians hired during the Barenboim era. His recording of Richard Strauss’ oboe concerto with the CSO was awarded Best Instrumental Soloist Performance (with Orchestra) at the 44th Grammy Awards. In 2004, his tenure at CSO was interrupted due to the onset of Focal Dystonia; which affected multiple fingers in …

Assessment Of Fracture Resistance Of Maxillary First Molars After Root Canal Preparation Using Three Different Rotary Instruments (V-Taper, Protaper, Vortex Blue): Finite Element Analysis, Mehran Malakpour

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Introduction: Long term success of endodontically treated teeth has been one of the most challenging aspects of the field of endodontics due to reduced fracture resistance of these teeth. Recently, researchers have heightened focus on conservative endodontics in order to sustain the tooth integrity, and reduce factors impacting the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. As a result, rotary instrument manufacturers have developed files that have a minimal effect on original root canal anatomy. This study used Finite Element Analysis to investigate the dental biomechanical effect of rotary instrumentation during root canal therapy. The aim of this study is to …

Pilot Gwas Of Caries In African-Americans Shows Genetic Heterogeneity, E. Orlova, J. C. Carlson, M. K. Lee, E. Feingold, D. W. Mcneil, R. J. Crout, R. J. Weyant, M. L. Marazita, J. R. Shaffer

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background

Dental caries is the most common chronic disease in the US and disproportionately affects racial/ethnic minorities. Caries is heritable, and though genetic heterogeneity exists between ancestries for a substantial portion of loci associated with complex disease, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of caries specifically in African Americans has not been performed previously.

Methods

We performed exploratory GWAS of dental caries in 109 African American adults (age > 18) and 96 children (age 3–12) from the Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia (COHRA1 cohort). Caries phenotypes (DMFS, DMFT, dft, and dfs indices) assessed by dental exams were tested for association …

Pain Relief Knowledge, History, And Expectations Among Emergency Dental Patients, Daniel C. Brawley

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Introduction

Dentists frequently treat and manage patients with acute dental pain. Patients often seek care to treat their pain. As a part of that treatment, it is common for providers to use both prescription and non-prescription medications in the management of the patient’s dental pain. This study focused on understanding the patient’s knowledge, history and expectations regarding prescription and non-prescription medication in the management of their dental pain.

Methods

A self-report survey was developed, using Likert-type scales, consisting of 32 items, including standardized, psychometrically-tested instruments. The survey was administered to 108 adult outpatients who reported to the West Virginia University …

Effect Of Shear Bond Strength With Novel Apc™ Flash-Free Brackets And Different Bonding Protocol: An In Vitro Study, Carl Bernstein

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Background and Objectives: In today’s time, there is an increasingly crowded field of competition vying over a small subset of the population. Now, more than ever it is imperative to compete with efficiency and esthetics. Each step for orthodontic bonding procedures increases the chance for error to occur. However, orthodontic bracket, etchant, sealant, and adhesive material has the ability to improve bond strength and final outcome for the patient and provider. The aim of this study was to determine effective bonding protocols for Advanced Clarity APC™ Flash-Free Brackets and to determine if adhesive remains on enamel or orthodontic bracket after …

Impact On The Pharyngeal Airway Space After Maxillomandibular Advancement Procedure For Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients, Ghaddy Alsaty

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Background and Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep-related breathing disorder, characterized by disrupted snoring and repetitive upper airway obstructions. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is considered the therapeutic mainstay for OSA patients. However, CPAP therapy has compliance limitations. An alternative treatment options is maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) surgical procedure. Genial tubercle advancement (GTA) is often performed concomitant with MMA for esthetic purposes. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides the ability to visualize the upper airway and perform three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of MMA procedure with or without GTA on oropharyngeal …

Predictors And Health Outcomes Of Treatment-Resistant Depression Among Adults With Chronic Non-Cancer Pain Conditions And Major Depressive Disorder, Drishti Shah

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Understanding major depressive disorder (MDD) as a comorbidity in patients with chronic non-cancer pain conditions (CNPC) is of importance because of the high prevalence and well documented bi-directional relationship between MDD and pain. Furthermore, presence of CNPC among adults with MDD often reduces benefits of antidepressant therapy, thereby increasing the possibility of treatment resistance. Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) commonly defined as insufficient response to multiple antidepressant trials, often worsens depression and pain symptoms and can amplify the clinical and economic burden among adults with CNPC and MDD. Additionally, long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) may be prescribed at a higher rate to adults …

Learn First, Practice Second Approach To Increase Health Professionals’ Nutrition-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, And Self-Efficacy., Madison E. Santella

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a “learn first, practice second” intervention on the nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy of multidisciplinary health professionals in West Virginia, specifically highlighting the Mediterranean Diet. Data was captured via online surveys at four time points (Baseline, Post-education, Post-immersion, Follow Up). All information was self-reported. This approach consisted of 16 weeks of online education, 2 weeks of cultural immersion in Tuscany, Italy, and a 7 month return to practice period. Data were analyzed using JMP Version Pro 12.2 and SAS Version 9.3 for Windows. Repeated measures ANOVA with irregular spacing …