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- Child maltreatment (3)
- Impulsivity (3)
- Adolescence (2)
- Aging (2)
- Classical conditioning (2)
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- Drug discrimination (2)
- Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (2)
- Peer relationships (2)
- Smoking (2)
- Tobacco (2)
- ADIS-IV (1)
- Academic psychologist (1)
- Acculturation (1)
- Aggression (1)
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- Anxiety (1)
- Appropriateness (1)
- Arecoline (1)
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- Association study (1)
- At risk populations (1)
- Attorney arguments (1)
- Bupropion (1)
- Caffeine (1)
- Capital punishment (1)
- Change detection (1)
- Child sexual abuse; assessment; treatment; psychometrics (1)
- Childhood (1)
Articles 1 - 30 of 51
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Linking Self-Regulation And Risk Proneness To Risky Sexual Behavior: Pathways Through Peer Pressure And Early Substance Use, Lisa J. Crockett, Marcela Raffaelli, Yuh-Ling Shen
Linking Self-Regulation And Risk Proneness To Risky Sexual Behavior: Pathways Through Peer Pressure And Early Substance Use, Lisa J. Crockett, Marcela Raffaelli, Yuh-Ling Shen
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
The linkages between self-regulation in childhood, risk proneness in early adolescence, and risky sexual behavior in mid-adolescence were examined in a cohort of children (N = 518) from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. The possible mediating role of two early adolescent variables (substance use and negative peer pressure) was also examined. Self-regulation was assessed by maternal report at ages 8–9, and risk proneness, comprising aspects of sensation seeking and decision making, was assessed by adolescent self-report at ages 12–13. Structural equation models predicting risky sexual behavior at ages 16–17 indicated that self-regulation operated partly through early adolescent substance use, …
A Dyadic Examination Of Daily Health Symptoms And Emotional Well-Being In Late-Life Couples, Jeremy B. Yorgason, David Almeida, Shevaun D. Neupert, Avron Spiro Iii, Lesa Hoffman
A Dyadic Examination Of Daily Health Symptoms And Emotional Well-Being In Late-Life Couples, Jeremy B. Yorgason, David Almeida, Shevaun D. Neupert, Avron Spiro Iii, Lesa Hoffman
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
This study investigated the link between daily health symptoms and spousal emotional well-being in a sample of 96 older dyads. Higher negative mood and lower positive mood were associated with spousal symptoms in couples wherein husbands or wives reported higher average levels of symptoms. For wives, partner effects were moderated by husbands’ marital satisfaction and illness severity. Specifically, higher husband marital satisfaction and illness severity were associated with higher negative mood and lower positive mood for wives on days where husbands reported higher symptom levels. In their work with later-life families, practitioners and educators should address long-term and daily health-related …
Measuring Attentional Ability In Older Adults: Development And Psychometric Evaluation Of Driverscan, Lesa Hoffman, Yang Xiangdong, James A. Bovaird, Susan E. Embretson
Measuring Attentional Ability In Older Adults: Development And Psychometric Evaluation Of Driverscan, Lesa Hoffman, Yang Xiangdong, James A. Bovaird, Susan E. Embretson
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Although deficits in visual attention are often postulated as an important component of many declines in cognitive processing and functional outcomes in older adults, surprisingly little emphasis has been placed on evaluating psychometric instruments with which individual differences in visual attention ability can be assessed. This article reports the development and beginning psychometric evaluation of DriverScan, a change detection measure of attentional search for older adults. A constrained graded response model is used to approximate response speed and accuracy with categories of immediate, delayed, or no response. DriverScan items are shown to have excellent reliability over the studied sample, and …
Bringing Evidence-Based Child Mental Health Services To The Schools: General Issues And Specific Populations, Carrie Masia-Warner, Douglas W. Nangle, David J. Hansen
Bringing Evidence-Based Child Mental Health Services To The Schools: General Issues And Specific Populations, Carrie Masia-Warner, Douglas W. Nangle, David J. Hansen
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Epidemiological research indicates a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents. Approximately 21% of children and adolescents, ages 9 to 17, have a diagnosable psychiatric disorder (Costello et al., 1996; Shaffer et al., 1996; U.S. Public Health Service, 2000), and additional youngsters experience social and emotional difficulties that do not meet symptom criteria for a disorder but cause considerable distress and impairment in functioning. Unfortunately, there is a significant gap between the many youth who are in need of treatment and those who actually receive menfal health care (Burns et al., 1995; Leaf et al., 1996). According to …
Acculturation Status And Heavy Alcohol Use Among Mexican American College Students: Investigating The Moderating Role Of Gender, Byron L. Zamboanga, Marcela Raffaelli, Nicholas J. Horton
Acculturation Status And Heavy Alcohol Use Among Mexican American College Students: Investigating The Moderating Role Of Gender, Byron L. Zamboanga, Marcela Raffaelli, Nicholas J. Horton
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
We examined whether gender moderates the association between acculturation and heavy alcohol use. The sample consisted of 126 Mexican American college students (Mean age = 24.7 years; 57% female) who completed self-report measures of heavy alcohol use, acculturation status (global acculturation and ethnic identity), and relevant control variables (age, peer alcohol use). Multivariable regression revealed that higher levels of ethnic identity were associated with greater frequency of heavy alcohol among men. Conversely, neither measure of acculturation was associated with heavy alcohol use among women. These findings suggest that interventions for Latino/a students should consider the role of culturally relevant variables …
Does How I Feel About It Matter? The Role Of Affect In Cognitive And Behavioral Reactions To An Illness Diagnosis, Darnell Schuettler, Marc T. Kiviniemi
Does How I Feel About It Matter? The Role Of Affect In Cognitive And Behavioral Reactions To An Illness Diagnosis, Darnell Schuettler, Marc T. Kiviniemi
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Individuals often have low rates of compliance with treatment recommendations. We examined the role that experienced affect at the time of illness diagnosis might play in influencing thoughts and feelings relating treatment compliance. Participants were randomly assigned to receive a positive, neutral, or negative affect induction after imagining they were diagnosed with kidney cancer. They then reported on thoughts and feelings about the illness and the treatment regimen. Participants also reported interest in additional information about the illness and behavioral intentions for complying with the treatment regimen. Affect significantly influenced interest in information and behavioral intentions. Both effects were mediated …
The Role Of Child Emotional Responsiveness And Maternal Negative Emotion Expression In Children’S Coping Strategy Use, Rebecca Goodvin, Gustavo Carlo, Julia C. Torquati
The Role Of Child Emotional Responsiveness And Maternal Negative Emotion Expression In Children’S Coping Strategy Use, Rebecca Goodvin, Gustavo Carlo, Julia C. Torquati
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
This study examined the additive and interactive effects of children’s trait vicarious emotional responsiveness and maternal negative emotion expression on children’s use of coping strategies. Ninety-five children (mean age = 5.87 years) and their mothers and teachers participated in the study. The mothers reported on their own negative emotion expression and the children’s empathic concern and personal distress tendencies. The mothers and teachers reported on the children’s use of avoidant, support-seeking, and aggressive-venting coping strategies. Empathic concern was positively associated with the children’s use of support seeking and negatively associated with the children’s use of aggressive venting, whereas personal distress …
Child Physical Abuse And Neglect, David K. Dilillo, Andrea R. Perry, Michelle Fortier
Child Physical Abuse And Neglect, David K. Dilillo, Andrea R. Perry, Michelle Fortier
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Although poor and inhumane treatment of children is not a new phenomenon (Doerner & Lab, 1998; Wolfe, 1999), child physical abuse and neglect were not identified as serious social problems until the 1960s, with the publication of Kempe and colleagues’ description of battered-child syndrome (Kempe, Silverman, Steele, Droegemueller, & Silver, 1962). In this influential study, Kempe and colleagues described the clinical manifestation of this syndrome in terms of the deleterious physical consequences maltreated children experienced, ranging from undetected outcomes to those that cause significant physical impairments. Rather than exploring the potential psychological sequelae of maltreated children, Kempe focused on detailing …
The Effects Of Victim’S Substance Use And Relationship Closeness On Mock Jurors’ Judgments In An Acquaintance Rape Case, Ashley A. Wenger, Brian H. Bornstein
The Effects Of Victim’S Substance Use And Relationship Closeness On Mock Jurors’ Judgments In An Acquaintance Rape Case, Ashley A. Wenger, Brian H. Bornstein
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Previous research has demonstrated that jurors perceive a female victim who is drunk at the time when she is sexually assaulted as less credible and more deserving of such punishment than a sober victim. In this experiment, we investigated the effect of an alleged acquaintance rape victim’s type of substance use and closeness of relationship with the defendant on the judgments of 152 student mock jurors. Participants read a case summary and answered a series of questions about their impressions of the actors and actions involved in the case. Participants perceived a victim who was sober at the time of …
Psychopathology In Young People With Intellectual Disability, Stewart L. Einfeld, Andrea M. Piccinin, Andrew Mackinnon, Scott M. Hofer, John Taffe, Kylie M. Gray, Daniel E. Bontempo, Lesa R. Hoffman, Trevor Parmenter, Bruce J. Tonge
Psychopathology In Young People With Intellectual Disability, Stewart L. Einfeld, Andrea M. Piccinin, Andrew Mackinnon, Scott M. Hofer, John Taffe, Kylie M. Gray, Daniel E. Bontempo, Lesa R. Hoffman, Trevor Parmenter, Bruce J. Tonge
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Context Comorbid severe mental health problems complicating intellectual disability are a common and costly public health problem. Although these problems are known to begin in early childhood, little is known of how they evolve over time or whether they continue into adulthood. Objective To study the course of psychopathology in a representative population of children and adolescents with intellectual disability. Design, Setting, and Participants The participants of the Australian Child to Adult Development Study, an epidemiological cohort of 578 children and adolescents recruited in 1991 from health, education, and family agencies that provided services to children with intellectual disability aged …
The Path To Licensure For Academic Psychologists: How Tough Is The Road?, David Dilillo, Sarah Degue, Lee M. Cohen, Robert D. Morgan
The Path To Licensure For Academic Psychologists: How Tough Is The Road?, David Dilillo, Sarah Degue, Lee M. Cohen, Robert D. Morgan
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
What obstacles are faced by academic psychologists seeking professional licensure? Data presented here from all U.S. jurisdictions suggests that licensure requirements vary greatly across states and in some areas may be quite diffi cult to fulfill within the context of an academic position. Results of a survey of training directors of clinical and counseling doctoral programs accredited by the American Psychological Association indicated that, although licensure is expected of most faculty, a number of challenges may impede this goal. Programmatic efforts to facilitate licensure of new faculty, as well as implications of our findings, possible remedies, and recommendations to new …
The Use Of Religion In Death Penalty Sentencing Trials, Monica Miller, Brian H. Bornstein
The Use Of Religion In Death Penalty Sentencing Trials, Monica Miller, Brian H. Bornstein
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Both prosecutors and defense attorneys have presented religious appeals and testimony about a defendant’s religious activities in order to influence capital jurors’ sentencing. Courts that have objected to this use of religion fear that religion will improperly influence jurors’ decisions and interfere with their ability to weigh aggravators and mitigators. This study investigated the effects of both prosecution and defense appeals. Prosecution appeals did not affect verdict decisions; however, use of religion by the defense affected both verdicts and the weighing of aggravators and mitigators. These results could be due to differences in perceived sincerity and remorse that are conveyed …
Linking Adolescent Family And Peer Relationships To The Quality Of Young Adult Romantic Relationships: The Mediating Role Of Conflict Tactics, Lisa J. Crockett, Brandy A. Randall
Linking Adolescent Family And Peer Relationships To The Quality Of Young Adult Romantic Relationships: The Mediating Role Of Conflict Tactics, Lisa J. Crockett, Brandy A. Randall
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
This study examined the associations between the quality of adolescents’ peer and family relationships and the quality of their young adult romantic relationships. Adolescents (N = 253) completed self-report measures of their family and peer relationships in grades 10–12; 7 years later, they reported on connectedness, discord, and the conflict tactics used by both partners in their current romantic relationships. Family relationship quality in adolescence predicted the levels of connectedness, discord, and specific conflict behaviors youth reported in their adult romantic relationships. The use of discussion to resolve conflict mediated the association between adolescent family relationships and the level of …
Domestic Violence Treatment Response And Recidivism: A Review And Implications For The Study Of Family Violence, Robert M. Sartin, David J. Hansen, Matthew T. Huss
Domestic Violence Treatment Response And Recidivism: A Review And Implications For The Study Of Family Violence, Robert M. Sartin, David J. Hansen, Matthew T. Huss
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Although domestic violence is a significant societal problem, which continues to receive public and private sector attention, intervention and treatment programs have proven inconsistent in their success. This paper reviews the published literature on domestic violence treatment efficacy and post-treatment recidivism and explores the related factors. In addition, challenges in the assessment of domestic violence are briefly discussed. Finally, recent developments are discussed along with their potential benefits, and an appeal is made for the need to study domestic violence in the broader context of family violence.
Retrospective Assessment Of Childhood Sexual And Physical Abuse: A Comparison Of Scaled And Behaviorally Specific Approaches, David Dilillo, Michelle A. Fortier, Sarah A. Hayes, Emily Trask, Andrea R. Perry, Terri Messman-Moore, Angèle Fauchier, Cindy Nash
Retrospective Assessment Of Childhood Sexual And Physical Abuse: A Comparison Of Scaled And Behaviorally Specific Approaches, David Dilillo, Michelle A. Fortier, Sarah A. Hayes, Emily Trask, Andrea R. Perry, Terri Messman-Moore, Angèle Fauchier, Cindy Nash
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
This study compared retrospective reports of childhood sexual and physical abuse as assessed by two measures: the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), which uses a Likert-type scaling approach, and the Computer Assisted Maltreatment Inventory (CAMI), which employs a behaviorally specific means of assessment. Participants included 1,195 undergraduate students recruited from three geographically diverse universities. Agreement was high across the two measures in the classification of victim status (92% and 80% for sexual and physical abuse, respectively). However, the CTQ classified more participants as sexually abused than did the CAMI, whereas the opposite trend was found for physical abuse. For child physical …
Decision-Making About Volitional Impairment In Sexually Violent Predators, Cynthia Calkins Mercado, Brian H. Bornstein, Robert F. Schopp
Decision-Making About Volitional Impairment In Sexually Violent Predators, Cynthia Calkins Mercado, Brian H. Bornstein, Robert F. Schopp
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
The Kansas v. Hendricks (1997) decision, in which the Supreme Court authorized post-sentence civil commitment for certain sex offenders, appeared to be constitutionally legitimized by limiting the class of offenders eligible for this special form of civil commitment to those who are “unable to control” their dangerousness. Nowhere in the available record, however, did the Court elucidate what they meant by this notion of volitional impairment. This study sought to examine factors that legal professionals (n = 43), psychologists (n = 40), and mock jurors (n = 76) deem most relevant to a determination of sex offender volitional impairment. Participants, …
The Environment Of Child Maltreatment: Contextual Factors And The Development Of Psychopathology, Debra B. Hecht, David J. Hansen
The Environment Of Child Maltreatment: Contextual Factors And The Development Of Psychopathology, Debra B. Hecht, David J. Hansen
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Some professionals have hypothesized that the observed problems in children who have been maltreated may actually be a result of the combination of risk factors surrounding the child, including but not limited to direct results of the abuse itself. This article examines the complexity of hypothesized pathways to poor adjustment after physical and sexual abuse. The literature on the impact of major risk factors associated with maltreatment is reviewed in an attempt to clarify the potential contributions of these contextual variables on the development of psychopathology in physically and sexually abused children. The implications this analysis may yield for prevention, …
Participant Responses To Retrospective Surveys Of Child Maltreatment: Does Mode Of Assessment Matter? , David Dilillo, Sarah Degue, Amanda Kras, Andrea R. Di Loreto-Colgan, Cindy Nash
Participant Responses To Retrospective Surveys Of Child Maltreatment: Does Mode Of Assessment Matter? , David Dilillo, Sarah Degue, Amanda Kras, Andrea R. Di Loreto-Colgan, Cindy Nash
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
This study examines the impact that different methods of assessing child maltreatment history may have on adult participants. A total of 334 female undergraduate students were randomly assigned to complete a retrospective measure of child sexual and physical abuse in one of three conditions: paper-and-pencil questionnaire, face-to-face interview, or computer-administered survey. Disclosure rates of abuse, psychological distress and mood change, preferences for assessment format, and perceptions of confi dentiality were examined across the three assessment formats. Although disclosure did not vary by condition, participants with a history of abuse reported more distress and mood change than did nonvictims, particularly in …
Effect Of Nicotine On Negative Affect Among More Impulsive Smokers, Neal Doran, Dennis E. Mcchargue, Bonnie Springs, Joe Vanderveen, Jessica Werth Cook, Malia Richmond
Effect Of Nicotine On Negative Affect Among More Impulsive Smokers, Neal Doran, Dennis E. Mcchargue, Bonnie Springs, Joe Vanderveen, Jessica Werth Cook, Malia Richmond
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
In the present study, the authors tested the hypothesis that nicotine would provide greater relief from negative affect for more impulsive smokers than for less impulsive smokers. Euthymic adult smokers (N = 70) participated in 2 laboratory sessions, during which they underwent a negative mood induction (music x autobiographical memory), then smoked either a nicotinized or de-nicotinized cigarette. Mixed-effects regression yielded a significant Impulsivity x Condition (nicotinized vs. de-nicotinized) x Time interaction. Simple effects analyses showed that heightened impulsivity predicted greater negative affect relief after smoking a nicotinized cigarette but not after smoking a de-nicotinized cigarette. These data suggest …
Adolescent Perceptions Of Appropriate Parental Reactions In Moral And Conventional Social Domains, Laura M. Padilla-Walker, Gustavo Carlo
Adolescent Perceptions Of Appropriate Parental Reactions In Moral And Conventional Social Domains, Laura M. Padilla-Walker, Gustavo Carlo
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Research suggests that adolescents’ ratings of the appropriateness of parental reactions are influenced by several constructs, including adolescents’ perceptions of the type of parental reaction, the emotions felt by the adolescent and parental intentions. However, little is known regarding how these constructs are differentially predictive of appropriateness in different socialization contexts. One hundred and twenty-two adolescents (mean age = 16.87 years) answered questions regarding past situations in antisocial and prosocial contexts, and in moral and conventional domains. Different parental reactions were reported across moral and conventional domains. In addition, the appropriateness of parental responses varied across domain. Namely, in antisocial …
Discriminating Between Cognitive And Supportive Group Therapies For Chronic Mental Illness, Sarah A. Hayes, Debra A. Hope, Lori S. Terryberry-Spohr, William D. Spaulding, Melanie Vandyke, Dirk T. Elting, Jeffrey Poland, Somaia Mohamed, Calvin P. Garbin, Dorie Reed, Mary Sullivan
Discriminating Between Cognitive And Supportive Group Therapies For Chronic Mental Illness, Sarah A. Hayes, Debra A. Hope, Lori S. Terryberry-Spohr, William D. Spaulding, Melanie Vandyke, Dirk T. Elting, Jeffrey Poland, Somaia Mohamed, Calvin P. Garbin, Dorie Reed, Mary Sullivan
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
This descriptive and comparative study employed a Q-sort process to describe common factors of therapy in two group therapies for inpatients with chronic mental illness. While pharmacological treatments for chronic mental illness are prominent, there is growing evidence that cognitive therapy is also efficacious. Groups examined were part of a larger study comparing the added benefits of cognitive versus supportive group therapy to the treatment milieu. In general, items described the therapist’s attitudes and behaviors, the participants’ attitudes and behaviors, or the group interactions. Results present items that were most and least characteristic of each therapy and items that discriminate …
Elevated Positive Mood: A Mixed Blessing For Abstinence, Neal Doran, Bonnie Spring, Belinda Borrelli, Dennis E. Mcchargue, Brian Hitsman, Raymond Niaura, Donald Hedecker
Elevated Positive Mood: A Mixed Blessing For Abstinence, Neal Doran, Bonnie Spring, Belinda Borrelli, Dennis E. Mcchargue, Brian Hitsman, Raymond Niaura, Donald Hedecker
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
The present study, a secondary analysis of published data (B. Hitsman et al., 1999), assessed (a) the influence of initial positive mood (PM) on smoking cessation and (b) whether smokers low in PM benefited from fluoxetine versus placebo for cessation. Euthymic adult smokers (N = 103) received 10 weeks of cessation treatment. Analyses showed a Time x PM interaction, indicating that higher baseline PM predicted decreased abstinence during treatment but increased abstinence afterward, mediated by time to dropout. Dichotomous initial PM interacted with drug, suggesting a benefit of fluoxetine for low-PM smokers. Results indicate that lower pretreatment PM may …
Mean Length Of Utterance In Children With Specific Language Impairment And In Younger Control Children Shows Concurrent Validity And Stable And Parallel Growth Trajectories, Mabel L. Rice, Sean M. Redmond, Lesa Hoffman
Mean Length Of Utterance In Children With Specific Language Impairment And In Younger Control Children Shows Concurrent Validity And Stable And Parallel Growth Trajectories, Mabel L. Rice, Sean M. Redmond, Lesa Hoffman
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Purpose: Although mean length of utterance (MLU) is a useful benchmark in studies of children with specific language impairment (SLI), some empirical and interpretive issues are unresolved. The authors report on 2 studies examining, respectively, the concurrent validity and temporal stability of MLU equivalency between children with SLI and typically developing children. Method: Study 1 used 124 archival conversational samples consisting of 39 children with SLI (age 5;0 [years;months]), 40 MLU-equivalent typically developing children (age 3;0), and 45 age-equivalent controls. Concurrent validity of MLU matches was examined by considering the correspondence between MLU and developmental sentence scoring (DSS), …
Early Predictors Of Self-Regulation In Middle Childhood, Rebecca A. Colman, Sam A. Hardy, Myesha Albert, Marcela Raffaelli, Lisa J. Crockett
Early Predictors Of Self-Regulation In Middle Childhood, Rebecca A. Colman, Sam A. Hardy, Myesha Albert, Marcela Raffaelli, Lisa J. Crockett
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
The present study examined the contribution of caregiving practices at ages 4–5 (Time 1) to children’s capacity for self regulation at ages 8–9 (Time 2). The multiethnic sample comprised 549 children of National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) participants. High levels of maternal warmth and low levels of physically punitive discipline at Time 1 were associated with a greater capacity for self-regulation at Time 2. These associations remained significant once initial levels of self-regulation were taken into account, indicating that the development of self-regulation is open to caregiver infl uence during childhood. Neither child gender nor ethnicity moderated the effects …
Sensitivity Of The Anxiety Disorder Interview Schedule Iv In Detecting Potentially Traumatic Childhood Maltreatment, David Dilillo, Sarah A. Hayes, Debra A. Hope
Sensitivity Of The Anxiety Disorder Interview Schedule Iv In Detecting Potentially Traumatic Childhood Maltreatment, David Dilillo, Sarah A. Hayes, Debra A. Hope
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
This study examined the sensitivity of the Anxiety Disorder Interview Schedule IV (ADIS-IV) in detecting potentially traumatic childhood abuse experiences in a sample of 50 consecutive adult anxiety disorder patients. Of 13 patients who reported traumatic childhood maltreatment experiences using a behaviorally specific abuse history questionnaire, seven failed to report these experiences during the ADIS-IV interview (a sensitivity of 46%). Findings suggest that the two omnibus gating questions on the ADIS-IV may be insufficient in capturing exposure to certain traumatic events, as stipulated by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual diagnostic criteria for a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This potential …
Two Sides Of The Same Coin? The Relations Between Prosocial And Physically Aggressive Behaviors, Meredith Mcginley, Gustavo Carlo
Two Sides Of The Same Coin? The Relations Between Prosocial And Physically Aggressive Behaviors, Meredith Mcginley, Gustavo Carlo
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
The direct and indirect relations between six types of prosocial behavior and physical aggression were examined. Data were gathered from 252 college students (M age = 21.67 years; 184 women) who completed measures of sympathy, prosocial behavior, and physical aggression. Structural equation modeling revealed that sympathy fully mediated the relations between compliant prosocial behaviors and physical aggression, and partially mediated the relations between altruism and physical aggression and public prosocial behaviors and physical aggression. The fi ndings suggest that the relations between prosocial behaviors and aggression are complex and that prosocial behavior should not be treated as a unitary construct.
Mugshot Exposure Effects: Retroactive Interference, Mugshot Commitment, Source Confusion, And Unconscious Transference, Kenneth A. Deffenbacher, Brian H. Bornstein, Steven D. Penrod
Mugshot Exposure Effects: Retroactive Interference, Mugshot Commitment, Source Confusion, And Unconscious Transference, Kenneth A. Deffenbacher, Brian H. Bornstein, Steven D. Penrod
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
More than 25 years of research has accumulated concerning the possible biasing effects of mugshot exposure to eyewitnesses. Two separate metaanalyses were conducted on 32 independent tests of the hypothesis that prior mugshot exposure decreases witness accuracy at a subsequent lineup. Mugshot exposure both significantly decreased proportion correct and increased the false alarm rate, the effect being greater on false alarms. A mugshot commitment effect, arising from the identification of someone in a mugshot, was a substantial moderator of both these effects. Simple retroactive interference, where the target person is not included among mugshots and no one in a mugshot …
Emotion And The Law: A Framework For Inquiry, Richard L. Wiener, Brian H. Bornstein, Amy Voss
Emotion And The Law: A Framework For Inquiry, Richard L. Wiener, Brian H. Bornstein, Amy Voss
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
This paper draws on research in social and cognitive psychology to show how theories of judgment and decision making that incorporate decision makers’ affective responses apply to legal contexts. It takes 2 widely used models of decision making, the rational actor and lens models, and illustrates their utility for understanding legal judgments by using them to interpret research findings on juror decision making, people’s obedience to the law (e.g., paying taxes), and eyewitness memory. The paper concludes with a discussion of the advantages of modifying existing approaches to information processing to include the influence of affect on how legal actors …
Rats’ Novel Object Interaction As A Measure Of Environmental Familiarity, Jamie L. Wilkinson, Laura Herrman, Matthew I. Palmatier, Rick A. Bevins
Rats’ Novel Object Interaction As A Measure Of Environmental Familiarity, Jamie L. Wilkinson, Laura Herrman, Matthew I. Palmatier, Rick A. Bevins
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Environmental familiarization is a learning phenomenon embedded within most tasks used to study learning and motivation. Given its prevalence there is surprisingly little systematic behavioral research on factors affecting familiarization. The six experiments reported in the present report used rats’ tendency to interact more with a novel object in a familiar than in a novel environment as a measure of environmental familiarization. We found that 3 min of exposure to the environment was sufficient to increase object interaction above unfamiliar controls even when testing occurred up to 48 h after initial exposure to the environment; 1 or 1.5 min of …
Forensic Interviewing In Child Sexual Abuse Cases: Current Techniques And Future Directions, Lindsay E. Cronch, Jodi L. Viljoen, David J. Hansen
Forensic Interviewing In Child Sexual Abuse Cases: Current Techniques And Future Directions, Lindsay E. Cronch, Jodi L. Viljoen, David J. Hansen
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
In child sexual abuse cases, skillful forensic interviews are important to ensure the protection of innocent individuals and the conviction of perpetrators. Studies have examined several factors that influence disclosure during interviews, including both interviewer and child characteristics. Numerous interviewing techniques have received attention in the literature, including allegation blind interviews, open-ended questioning, cognitive interviewing, the Touch Survey, truth–lie discussions, and anatomical dolls. Recent studies have examined new directions in forensic interviewing, such as structured interview protocols and the extended forensic evaluation model. In addition, the child advocacy center model has been established as a strategy to prevent repeated interviewing. …