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Using Visual Imagery To Develop Multiplication Fact Strategies, Gina Kling
Using Visual Imagery To Develop Multiplication Fact Strategies, Gina Kling
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The learning of basic facts, or the sums and products of numbers 0–10 and their related differences and quotients, has always been a high priority for elementary school teachers. While memorization of basic facts has been a hallmark of elementary school, current recommendations focus on a more nuanced development of fluency with these facts. Fluency is characterized by the ability to demonstrate flexibility, accuracy, efficiency, and appropriate strategy use. Despite recommendations to focus on strategy use, there is insufficient information on instructional approaches that are effective for developing strategies, particularly for multiplication facts. Using visual imagery with dot patterns has …
Graceful Colorings And Connection In Graphs, Alexis D. Byers
Graceful Colorings And Connection In Graphs, Alexis D. Byers
Dissertations
For a graph G of size m, a graceful labeling of G is an injective function f : V (G) → {0, 1, . . . , m} that gives rise to a bijective function f 1 : E(G) → {1, 2, . . . , m} defined by f 1(uv) = |f (u) − f (v)|. A graph is graceful if it has a graceful labeling. Over the years, a number of variations of graceful …