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Theses/Dissertations

2020

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Dopamine-Dependent Transcriptional Dynamics In Striatal Physiology And Cocaine Reward, Morgan Elizabeth Zipperly Jan 2020

Dopamine-Dependent Transcriptional Dynamics In Striatal Physiology And Cocaine Reward, Morgan Elizabeth Zipperly

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Exposure to drugs of abuse alters transcriptional programs and neuronal activity, leading to long-lasting cellular and behavioral adaptations that may contribute to addiction. The nucleus accumbens (NAc), part of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway, plays a central role in motivation, reward, and reward-related learning, and this brain region is highly implicated in the development and maintenance of addiction. However, the specific contributions of defined cell populations in the NAc to drug reward processes is still poorly understood. Here, we used electrophysiological, optogenetic, and single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) approaches in a rodent model system to define the acute physiological and transcriptional responses of …

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Noninvasive Neuromodulation Using A Benchtop Approach To Mri-Guided Focused Ultrasound Blood Brain Barrier Opening, Megan Rich Jan 2020

Noninvasive Neuromodulation Using A Benchtop Approach To Mri-Guided Focused Ultrasound Blood Brain Barrier Opening, Megan Rich

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Fundamental neuroscience research has provided a deeper understanding of the genes, molecules and cellular circuitry involved in neurological disorders, however translating discovery into clinical application remains a major challenge. This bench to bedside gap is in part due to the discrepancy in techniques used in the laboratory vs. the clinic for targeting the mechanisms that underlie disease. Ideally this discrepancy would be resolved not only by implementing novel clinical techniques to provide more precise targeting of disease foci, but also by using the same techniques in the clinic that are used at the lab bench to provide a direct bench …

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Unicritical Laminations And D-Gons Of Single Critical Moment, Cameron Hale Jan 2020

Unicritical Laminations And D-Gons Of Single Critical Moment, Cameron Hale

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Laminations are a topological and combinatorial way to represent connected Julia sets of polynomials. A lamination is the boundary of the closed unit disk with a closed collection of chords that do not intersect on the interior of the disk. The standard d to 1 covering map of the circle represents the application of a degree d polynomial to its Julia set. The laminations of interest here are those that contain a d-gon which first returns to itself under the standard covering map by the identity (other polygons in laminations may first return rotated). It is known that a polygon …

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Computational Modeling Of Agile Tire Slippage, Chantel Jordi Jan 2020

Computational Modeling Of Agile Tire Slippage, Chantel Jordi

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ABSTRACT Tire slippage dynamics is based on steady state analysis. This poses limits on advances in traction control systems and other vehicle control systems that can improve the safety of a vehicle. Agile tire slippage dynamics is a newer method that uses a smaller time step and time frame. It is typically applied to analyze the transient mode of a tire, which occurs within the first few milliseconds of a torque being applied to a wheel. During this time, the tire is not yet rotating, which can be a potential cause for safety hazards. Using agile tire slippage dynamics to …

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Bond Of Resin Cements Through Three Ceramics At Varying Thickness, Po-Hsu Chen Jan 2020

Bond Of Resin Cements Through Three Ceramics At Varying Thickness, Po-Hsu Chen

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The purpose of this study was to determine the bond strength of a light cured resin when cured through 3 different types of dental ceramics (traditional zirconia with 3 mol% yttria, translucent zirconia with 5 mol% yttria, and lithium disilicate) at 2 different thicknesses. A total of 135 specimens were prepared from traditional zirconia (IPS e.max ZirCAD LT, Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein), translucent zirconia (IPS e.max ZirCAD MT, Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein), and lithium disilicate (IPS e.max CAD LT, Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein) into a plate shape, but in different thicknesses (1mm and 1.5mm). Ceramic buttons were fabricated by pressed lithium disilicate (IPS …

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Quantifying Operational Impacts Of Various Work Zone Setups, Traffic Composition, And Driving Behaviors, A B M Tausif Ullah Chy Jan 2020

Quantifying Operational Impacts Of Various Work Zone Setups, Traffic Composition, And Driving Behaviors, A B M Tausif Ullah Chy

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The presence of work zones due to pavement repair and rehabilitation is very common in highway facilities. Lane closures associated with work zones result in capacity reduction, which in turn often leads to increased congestion at such locations. Properly set work zones can minimize the adverse operational impacts. This thesis documents part of a study at the University of Alabama at Birmingham that investigated and compared the performance of freeway facilities in the presence of work zones under various Temporary Traffic Control (TTC) and lane closure scenarios while taking under consideration traffic composition and driving behaviors. The study site was …

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Between Breaths, Kristin Entler Jan 2020

Between Breaths, Kristin Entler

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This collection evaluates, primarily, the nature of absence through a study of negative space, which acts as the common thread that stitches this collection together into a cohesive whole. Through evaluation of relationships, both familial and romantic, with the external world and with the self, I’ve worked to evaluate the space that’s left behind. Each poem features the absence of something or someone that then acts as a mirror to reflect the self, the emotional state that remains. In many, the loss of a close friend is in the fore, where that absence is taken up by grief, longing, and …

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Parent Reactions To Sexual And Gender Identity Disclosure Events In The Deep South, Allison Claire Estep Jan 2020

Parent Reactions To Sexual And Gender Identity Disclosure Events In The Deep South, Allison Claire Estep

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Disclosure of sexuality by coming out is a central part of the process of self-identification for LGBT youth (Denes & Afifi, 2014). Parents’ initial response to their child’s coming out is linked to parent-child relationship satisfaction and if the child will later feel the need to come out for a second time or to clarify their sexual identity (Denes et al. 2014). Parental acceptance of LGBT youth’s disclosure has been linked to higher self-esteem and lower rates of suicidal tendencies, depression, and substance abuse (Needham & Austin, 2010; Ryan, Russell, Huebner, Diaz, & Sanchez, 2010). Current research regarding parent reactions …

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Diagnosis And Screening Of Autism Spectrum Disorder In Clinical Populations, Jenna Brooke Lebersfeld Jan 2020

Diagnosis And Screening Of Autism Spectrum Disorder In Clinical Populations, Jenna Brooke Lebersfeld

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Screening and diagnosis of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are crucial for these individuals to receive appropriate ASD-focused intervention as early as possible. Using ASD-specific strategies in early intervention leads to improvement across skill areas. The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2) and the Autism Diagnostic Interview, Revised (ADI-R) are two gold-standard diagnostic instruments used in comprehensive ASD evaluations. These measures have high accuracy in research settings, but evidence of accuracy in clinical settings is less robust. They also require significant training and expertise to administer, and comprehensive ASD evaluations are in high demand. Therefore, it is important …

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The Effects Of Oscillatory Forces On Epithelial Ovarian Cancer, Molly Buckley Jan 2020

The Effects Of Oscillatory Forces On Epithelial Ovarian Cancer, Molly Buckley

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Oscillatory forces such as blood pressure pulse, interstitial fluid flow, and body movement are present throughout ovarian tumors. These forces have been shown to strongly regulate mechanotransduction signaling, leading to tumor progression, metastasis, and invasion. Mechanotransduction studies are rarely conducted in ovarian cancer. This study is the first of its kind to understand how oscillatory forces impact ovarian tumor progression and the efficacy of a cancer therapeutic under these unique conditions. Herein, a novel oscillating flow bioreactor was developed housing an ovarian cancer tumor model using OVCAR-8 and IHFOT-208 cell lines and compared to the same bioreactor under constant flow. …

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Psychosocial And Physiological Correlates Of Chronic Pain In Persons Living With Hiv, Michael Owens Jan 2020

Psychosocial And Physiological Correlates Of Chronic Pain In Persons Living With Hiv, Michael Owens

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Due to recent advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with HIV (PLWH) who respond well and remain adherent to their medication regimens are achieving “near normal” life expectancies. As a result, HIV is no longer considered a death sentence, but rather a chronic health condition to be managed. However, the longer a person lives with the virus, the more prone to HIV-associated chronic diseases he or she becomes. One particularly important health condition with the potential to significantly and negatively impact quality of life is chronic pain. The prevalence rates of chronic pain in PLWH are estimated to be …

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Structural And Biophysical Investigations Into The Mechanism Of Hiv-1 Envelope Incorporation, Richard Elliot Murphy Jan 2020

Structural And Biophysical Investigations Into The Mechanism Of Hiv-1 Envelope Incorporation, Richard Elliot Murphy

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Recent advancements in drug therapies and patient care have drastically improved upon the mortality rates of HIV-1 infected individuals. Many of these therapies were developed or improved upon using structure-based techniques, which underscores the importance of obtaining atomic level structural data critical to the understanding of essential mechanisms in the replication cycle of HIV-1. One such process which remains poorly understood on the structural level is the incorporation of the envelope glycoprotein (Env) into budding virus particles. The Env protein mediates viral infection of host cells, and there is strong evidence suggesting that incorporation of Env is mediated by an …

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Health Systems And Societal Level Community Benefit, Meghan Blueberry Mccarthy Jan 2020

Health Systems And Societal Level Community Benefit, Meghan Blueberry Mccarthy

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In America, the amount spent on community benefit as tax exemption justification for not-for-profit health care is approaching 100 billion dollars annually. There are multiple categories for community benefit as defined by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). The overwhelming majority of these funds are spent on individual financial assistance rather than societal level community health investments to address social determinates of health. Societal level community benefit is defined as the total spending on community health improvement, cash & in-kind donations to community groups and community building as reported on IRS form 990 Schedule H. These three combined itemized areas of …

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Identifying Micro-Level Determinants That Influence The Transportation Network Companies (Tncs) Growth Through Analysis Of Transportation Users’ Preferences And Attitudes, Sahila Sarjana Jan 2020

Identifying Micro-Level Determinants That Influence The Transportation Network Companies (Tncs) Growth Through Analysis Of Transportation Users’ Preferences And Attitudes, Sahila Sarjana

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In the recent years, the use of Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) such as Uber/Lyft as a mode of travel has been growing at a significant pace. Despite the rapid growth of several TNC markets, analyses of potential and actual impacts of TNCs presence on preferences and travel patterns of TNC-aware users are still very limited. Such analyses require detailed trip data which are not easily available due to privacy concerns, as well as technical and financial feasibility issues. To address some of these issues, the objective of this study was to document the factors that influence transportation users in the …

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Comparative Analysis Of The Translocation Kinetics For Clpa’S Atpase Domains 1 & 2, Nathaniel Scull Jan 2020

Comparative Analysis Of The Translocation Kinetics For Clpa’S Atpase Domains 1 & 2, Nathaniel Scull

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ClpA, a Class I AAA+ (ATPases Associated with various cellular Activities) motor, as-sembles into a tiered hexamer containing two AAA+ nucleotide binding domains (NDBs), D1 and D2. These NBDs couple nucleotide triphosphate binding and hydrolysis to mechanical work that drives polypeptide unfolding and translocation. Here we study the kinetic mechanisms of polypeptide translocation at the two domains to elucidate their contributions to the overall wildtype activity of ClpA. We subjected Walker B variants of ClpA that lack ATPase activity in one of the two domains to single-turnover stopped-flow techniques using a new fluorescence anisotropy and total fluorescence method. We found …

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Self-Awareness Of Functional Deficits In Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment, Kayla Ann Steward Jan 2020

Self-Awareness Of Functional Deficits In Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment, Kayla Ann Steward

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Performance of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) can become compromised in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Poor self-awareness of deficits, also known as anosognosia, occurs in a substantial minority of those with MCI and varies in extent depending on the domain examined. This dissertation attempts to explain the inter- and intra-patient variability in anosognosia by examining (1) differences in objective IADL performance and self-awareness of functional difficulties between those with amnestic single- (-ASD) and multi-domain (-AMD) MCI, and by examining (2) the neuropsychological and (3) neuroanatomical correlates of anosognosia for IADLs in older adults across a broad …

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The Hunter And The Hunted: Kipling's Challenge To Human Exceptionalism In "The White Seal" And "Quiquern", Jessica Marie Robbins Jan 2020

The Hunter And The Hunted: Kipling's Challenge To Human Exceptionalism In "The White Seal" And "Quiquern", Jessica Marie Robbins

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Rudyard Kipling’s The Jungle Books are some of the most well-known stories about nonhuman animals from the Victorian period, but rarely have scholars discussed this text without privileging the Mowgli stories or Kipling’s well-known colonialist alignments. In this thesis, I have challenged this scholarly tendency, showing how Kipling has paid careful attention to his nonhuman characters and given them characteristics that model the most current scientific information available at the time. My thesis argues that two of Kipling’s stories in particular, “The White Seal” and “Quiquern,” challenge the notion of human exceptionalism and force readers to confront the unsettling parallels …

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Toward The Mechanism Underlying Latanoprost- And Benzalkonium Chloride-Induced Meibomian Gland Dysfunction In Patients Treated For Glaucoma, Jillian Ziemanski Jan 2020

Toward The Mechanism Underlying Latanoprost- And Benzalkonium Chloride-Induced Meibomian Gland Dysfunction In Patients Treated For Glaucoma, Jillian Ziemanski

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Once thought to be no more than a vexing eye condition, ocular surface disease (OSD) is now being viewed as a differentiating factor between sight and no sight. In the setting of glaucoma, OSD can interfere with treatment success, potentially allowing the visually devastating pathology of glaucoma to plow onward with little restraint. Compounding the clinical challenge is the growing awareness that glaucoma-associated OSD appears to be iatrogenically induced by topical ophthalmic medications. Daily, topical instillation of preserved prostaglandin analogs (PGAs), the most common first-line treatment for glaucoma, has been linked to a variety of OSD subtypes, including meibomian gland …

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Symbolic Annihilation, The Politics Of (Mis)Representation, And The Stress And Health Of Millennial Black Women, Chenoia Nicole Bryant Jan 2020

Symbolic Annihilation, The Politics Of (Mis)Representation, And The Stress And Health Of Millennial Black Women, Chenoia Nicole Bryant

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The (mis)representation of Black populations in media has been extensively explored and critiqued by several scholars. From their introduction into media through radio to their visi-bility in television and news, the tropes of Black womanhood have carried over from colo-nialist perspectives to present day. Considering race and gender as cultural structures con-straining Black women through the assignment of stereotypical scripts, it is important to consider how, when and where Black women’s agency enters. Negative racialized and gendered stereotypes are informed by culture at large, but Black women’s agency impacts the interpretation of these (mis)representations, offering space for both conformity and …

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Performance Of Activated Filter Media® (Afm) In Drinking Water Treatment Systems, Jaquice Hughes Boyd Jan 2020

Performance Of Activated Filter Media® (Afm) In Drinking Water Treatment Systems, Jaquice Hughes Boyd

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ABSTRACT This dissertation evaluated the performance of activated filter media (AFM), recycled glass media used as a substitute for conventional sand filtration systems. Activated filter media is a direct replacement for sand filter media typically used during the dual media filtration methods employing sand and anthracite. One grade size of activated filter media was used: grade 1 (0.4 – 1.0 mm) to study its performance as a filtration media. This research was conducted at The Birmingham Water Works Board Experimental Pilot Treatment Facility, located at the Shades Mountain Filter Plant (SMFP). The pilot plant includes two independent treatment trains capable …

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Challenges And Promising Strategies For Maximizing Pregnant Women's Adherence And Retention In Niv Care In The Context Of Option B+ In Kenya, Anna Helova Jan 2020

Challenges And Promising Strategies For Maximizing Pregnant Women's Adherence And Retention In Niv Care In The Context Of Option B+ In Kenya, Anna Helova

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Under the current Kenyan guidelines, pregnant/postpartum women who test HIV-positive are immediately put on the lifelong antiretroviral (ART) therapy (Option B+) and are initiated into the prevention of mother-to-child (PMTCT) protocol. Gaps at each step of the PMTCT continuum undermine the positive impact of lifelong ART. Challenges at the individual, interpersonal, community, and health facility-levels contribute to these gaps. A community-based mentor mother (cMM) program tested under the Mother-Infant Visit Adherence and Treatment Engagement(MOTIVATE!) Trial (NICHD R01 R01HD080477; ClinicalTrials.gov#14-0331) is a potential approach to address these challenges. The three manuscripts comprising this dissertation used qualitative and quantitative methods with the …

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Effects Of Acculturation On Stigma And Knowledge In Relation To Autism Spectrum Disorder Amongst Latino Populations, Monica M. Abdul-Chani Jan 2020

Effects Of Acculturation On Stigma And Knowledge In Relation To Autism Spectrum Disorder Amongst Latino Populations, Monica M. Abdul-Chani

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In the United States, Latino children receive autism diagnoses at a later age compared to non-Latino Black and non-Latino White children (Jo et al., 2015), have the highest rate of misdiagnosis (Magaña, Lopez, Aguinaga, & Morton, 2013), and are more likely to be under-identified (Pedersen et al., 2012). This study examines the presentation of ASD stigma and potentially influencing factors in Latino populations. Through an online survey, 97 Latino and 115 non-Latino White participants were randomly assigned to read one of two vignettes depicting characteristics and symptoms of ASD in lay terms for either their own child (self) or a …

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There And Back Again: A Rhetorical Journey From Oppression To Exclusion, Sally Anne Perz Jan 2020

There And Back Again: A Rhetorical Journey From Oppression To Exclusion, Sally Anne Perz

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This thesis addresses parallels between the rhetoric of contemporary secessionists and the arguments surrounding the rise and fall of Jim Crow laws which maintained segregation for decades. Cities like Gardendale, Alabama and Baton Rouge, Louisiana make uncanny arguments in their attempts to break-away from county school systems, promoting new and improved propaganda, alluding to “separate but equal” in their attempts to separate for the good of their communities. Despite years of multicultural instruction, schools are fighting the same battle, on the same turf, generations later—some cities surrounding Birmingham and across the country add a new twist on the same white …

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The Relationship Between Asthma And Electronic Cigarette Use Among Youth And Young Adults: Mediation And Moderation Approaches, Abdullah M M Alanazi Jan 2020

The Relationship Between Asthma And Electronic Cigarette Use Among Youth And Young Adults: Mediation And Moderation Approaches, Abdullah M M Alanazi

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Asthma is associated with a higher likelihood of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use, which may increase the risk of pulmonary complications. Therefore, we sought to identify factors that influence e-cigarette use that may inform future behavior interventions targeting e-cigarette use prevention. In this dissertation, we used mediation and moderation to model the relationship of health beliefs, psychosocial and behavioral factors that may affect the relationship between e-cigarette use and asthma. We used national samples from public datasets, and a clinical sample recruited from healthcare facilities in Alabama. The results of this study are reported in three different papers. In the first …

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Molecular Regulation Of Glioblastoma Spatial Heterogeneity And Therapeutic Resistance, Soniya Bastola Jan 2020

Molecular Regulation Of Glioblastoma Spatial Heterogeneity And Therapeutic Resistance, Soniya Bastola

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Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly invasive, highly vascularized, and heterogeneous malignant tumor of the brain. Due to the highly infiltrative phenotype of GBM, surgery often leaves behind residual tumor cells. In many cases, recurrence occurs close to the surgical margin suggesting the role of these remaining cells in promoting tumor aggressiveness. Rapidly growing tumor creates subsequent hypoxic, and hypovascular core due to limited nutrients, whereas tumor cells in the leading edge have access to nutrients from vasculature enriched microenvironment. Studies have identified the cellular and molecular heterogeneity between the tumors in core and edge. Still, their mechanisms of intercellular …

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Genome-Wide Mirna Regulation Of Stress Susceptibility Across The Brain In A Rodent Model Of Early Life Stress, Lauren Alexis Allen Mckibben Jan 2020

Genome-Wide Mirna Regulation Of Stress Susceptibility Across The Brain In A Rodent Model Of Early Life Stress, Lauren Alexis Allen Mckibben

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Early life stress (ELS) affects a significant portion of the US population in the form of various types of abuse and neglect, as well as household dysfunction and loss of a loved one, among others. Although these experiences happen early in life, they increase risk for mental health disorders, especially major depression (MDD), across the lifespan. MDD is a debilitating psychiatric disorder marked by periods of depressed mood and loss of pleasure in once enjoyable activities. Patients with MDD also report trouble sleeping, unintentional weight loss or gain, feelings of worthlessness, and suicidal ideation. MDD is associated with annual $100 …

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Gene–Environment Interaction In Parkinson Disease: The Gut Microbiome, Zachary D. Wallen Jan 2020

Gene–Environment Interaction In Parkinson Disease: The Gut Microbiome, Zachary D. Wallen

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GENE–ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION IN PARKINSON DISEASE: THE GUT MICROBIOME ZACHARY D. WALLEN GENETICS, GENOMICS, AND BIOINFORMATICS ABSTRACTParkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with no cure. Majority of cases are idiopathic, and the cause is unknown. Studies have been conducted in human and animals to identify PD risk factors, resulting in a list of genetic and environmental factors that modestly increases risk of PD. Still, no individual risk factor fully explains the cause of PD, and neither has the combination of these factors. Additional avenues of research are being investigated to find potential triggers of PD, and factors that might …

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Network-Based Analytics For Discovering Gene Modules And Biomarkers In Complex Diseases, Zongliang Yue Jan 2020

Network-Based Analytics For Discovering Gene Modules And Biomarkers In Complex Diseases, Zongliang Yue

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With rapidly increasing novel discoveries of associations between genomic data and complex disease phenotypes, the translation of those associations into knowledge and the identification of critical molecular mechanisms are essential to guild clinical decisions such as the diagnosis of symptomatic individuals, the prediction of disease risk, reproductive genetic counseling, and determining pharmacogenetic profiles for treatment. To decipher the genome of complex diseases, gene-centric analyses focus on detecting molecular mechanisms lead by driver genetics variants, abnormally expressed genes and high-abundance proteins through gene module construction. Additionally, the gene module construction approaches implement systems biology analysis to reveal the causative co-expressed gene …

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Development Of Natural Language Processing Algorithm For Dental Charting, Yi-Fan Zhang Jan 2020

Development Of Natural Language Processing Algorithm For Dental Charting, Yi-Fan Zhang

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Purpose: The purpose was to develop a natural language processing algorithm, which will input data from oral examination transcripts to a structured database. Methods: Four case vignettes were produced for primary, mixed, and permanent dentition patients with varying degree of soft tissue pathology, caries, existing restorations and occlusion relationships. After calibration, dental students were instructed to perform simulated oral examinations based on the case vignettes, using natural language as they would to an assistant who was charting the case. The investigator transcribed the audio recordings of the simulated oral exams. Twenty simulated oral examinations were collected to develop a natural …

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Vascular Hemodynamics And Blood Pressure Differences Between Young And Older Women, Brantley Ballenger Jan 2020

Vascular Hemodynamics And Blood Pressure Differences Between Young And Older Women, Brantley Ballenger

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Background: CVD is one of the main causes of death in the United States, and hypertension is a primary risk factor of this disease. Therefore, the primary causes of hypertension need to be identified so they may be addressed for treatment. Hypertension is known to be brought on by factors such as obesity, smoking, and age, but more knowledge is needed to address why otherwise healthy individuals suffer from the condition. Additionally, knowledge is needed on identifiable predictive measures which have association with hypertension to decrease the progression of CVD. Purpose: Compare blood pressure with hemodynamic values and identify factors …

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