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Leveraging The Inductive Bias Of Large Language Models For Abstract Textual Reasoning, Christopher Michael Rytting
Leveraging The Inductive Bias Of Large Language Models For Abstract Textual Reasoning, Christopher Michael Rytting
Theses and Dissertations
Large natural language models (such as GPT-2 or T5) demonstrate impressive abilities across a range of general NLP tasks. Here, we show that the knowledge embedded in such models provides a useful inductive bias, not just on traditional NLP tasks, but also in the nontraditional task of training a symbolic reasoning engine. We observe that these engines learn quickly and generalize in a natural way that reflects human intuition. For example, training such a system to model block-stacking might naturally generalize to stacking other types of objects because of structure in the real world that has been partially captured by …
A Water Budget And Solute Flux Budget For Waimea River Watershed, Kauai, Hi, U.S.A., Joseph Harold Tolworthy
A Water Budget And Solute Flux Budget For Waimea River Watershed, Kauai, Hi, U.S.A., Joseph Harold Tolworthy
Theses and Dissertations
Waimea Canyon is a deep V-shaped canyon on the island of Kauai, Hawaii in which the Waimea River and its tributaries flow. The shape and size of the canyon are noteworthy and unusual compared to its contemporary canyons on the Hawaiian Islands which are usually U-shaped or flat bottomed. This could be because there is significantly more physical erosion in Waimea Canyon compared to others. A water budget was created using ArcGIS Pro and data from the University of Hawaii’s rainfall and evapotranspiration atlases, as well as from the United States Geological Survey’s stream gage data. A mass flux was …
Reciprocal Empathy: Reversing Antipathy Towards Immigrants In Emotion And Votes, Amanda Gach
Reciprocal Empathy: Reversing Antipathy Towards Immigrants In Emotion And Votes, Amanda Gach
Undergraduate Honors Theses
The topic of immigration politics has gained traction in recent years as surges of immigrants are introduced to new homes—often with a long road of integration into the host country ahead. As a result, debates emerged on how to effectively “humanize” members of these outgroups – which include immigrants and refugees alike—while also being able to forge lasting cooperation between these ethnic groups allowing for peaceful integration. Previous attempts to achieve this goal have used various forms of visual and sensory media to generate empathy towards these outgroup members. These approaches have proven to be ineffective when not met with …
Asian Values And Democratic Viability: A Study Of The Effects Of Political Values On Thai Support For Democracy, Marisa Gonzalez-Mabbutt
Asian Values And Democratic Viability: A Study Of The Effects Of Political Values On Thai Support For Democracy, Marisa Gonzalez-Mabbutt
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Despite research found in the World Values Survey which indicates high global support for democracy, certain regions of the world have struggled to solidify or even introduce democratic institutions. Existing explanations such as the Asian Values Theory show mixed results that political culture in Asian countries decreases support for democracy. These studies also fail to look at country-specific political cultures within countries like Thailand, where national values play a distinct role in the political arena and could affect democratic support. Moreover, previous research has not disaggregated how competing values at the national, regional, and global levels can affect support for …
Biological Pretreatment Of Biomass For Enhanced Biogas Production, Skylar F. Van Horne
Biological Pretreatment Of Biomass For Enhanced Biogas Production, Skylar F. Van Horne
Undergraduate Honors Theses
The biogas output efficiency of controlled anaerobic digestion (AD) can be enhanced by several different pretreatment methods to produce renewable energy. According to the literature, there are pros and cons to each pretreatment method. Biological pretreatment provides environmentally safe and renewable means for enhancing biodegradability and net energy output. Current research has yet to reliably demonstrate the ability of bacterial strains, such as Caldicellulosiruptor bescii (C. bescii), to digest common waste substrates in efficient ways. Novel methods in key intermediate molecular quantification and alkalinity tracking are used here to explore C. bescii’s ability to digest lignocellulosic material in …
A Descriptive Study Of Male Victims Of Sexual Assault Seen For A Sexual Assault Forensic Medical Examination, Madeleine Prince
A Descriptive Study Of Male Victims Of Sexual Assault Seen For A Sexual Assault Forensic Medical Examination, Madeleine Prince
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Ten percent of all victims who report a sexual assault (SA) are male (Department of Justice, 2013), yet there has been little research on their experiences. Further study on the unique characteristics of male SA victims is warranted. The purpose of this study is to explore, identify, and analyze variables of male SA victims who received a SA forensic medical examination (SAFME), and identify implications and areas for future research. Data from the SAFME charts were entered into the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Male victims were compared to female victims from the same data set. …
An Examination Of Motivation Types And Their Influence On English Proficiency For Current High School Students In South Korean, Euiyong Jung
An Examination Of Motivation Types And Their Influence On English Proficiency For Current High School Students In South Korean, Euiyong Jung
Theses and Dissertations
Despite huge investments in national English language policies, few South Koreans develop communicable English proficiency. Yet, English language proficiency for all secondary and college students continues to be the goal of these policies (Moodie & Nam, 2015; Ahn, 2015). One of the fundamental reasons for the lack of communicable English proficiency was based on the social phenomenon, called 'hakbuljueui', or academic elitism, in Korea (Kim. T.-Y., 2006) whereby students seem to be instrumentally motivated to learn English only to pass the College Scholastic Ability Test (CSAT), and gain admission to elite Universities (Kim, T.-Y., 2006; Kim, K., 2016). The current …
Experimental And Modeling Of Biomass Char Gasification, Ruochen Wu
Experimental And Modeling Of Biomass Char Gasification, Ruochen Wu
Theses and Dissertations
This investigation provides a comprehensive experimental dataset and kinetic model for biomass gasification, over a wide temperature range (1150-1350 °Ï¹) in CO2, H2O and the combination of these two reactant gases over the mole fraction ranges of 0 to 0.5 for H2O and 0 to 0.9 for CO2. The data come from a unique experimental facility that tracks continuous mass loss rates for poplar wood, corn stover and switchgrass over the size range of 6-12.5 mm. In addition, the data include char size, shape, surface and internal temperature and discrete measurements of porosity, total surface area, pore size distribution and …
Root Cause Analysis And Classification Of Single Point Failures In Designs Applying Triple Modular Redundancy In Sram Fpgas, James D. Swift
Root Cause Analysis And Classification Of Single Point Failures In Designs Applying Triple Modular Redundancy In Sram Fpgas, James D. Swift
Theses and Dissertations
Radiation effects encountered in space or aviation environments can affect the configuration bits in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) causing errors in FPGA output. One method of increasing FPGA reliability in radiation environments includes adding redundant logic to mask errors and allow time for repair. Despite the redundancy added with triple modular redundancy (TMR) and configuration scrubbing there exist some configuration bits that individually affect multiple TMR domains causing errors in FPGA output. A new tool called DeBit is introduced that identifies hardware resources associated with a single bit failure. This tool identifies a novel failure mode involving global routing …
A Study Of Fremont Snake Valley Black-On-Gray Ceramics From Sites In Northern Utah And The Parowan Valley, Stephanie K.Y. Abo
A Study Of Fremont Snake Valley Black-On-Gray Ceramics From Sites In Northern Utah And The Parowan Valley, Stephanie K.Y. Abo
Theses and Dissertations
Archaeologists widely argue that Fremont potters from the Parowan Valley, in southwestern Utah, manufactured Snake Valley pottery. For my thesis, I examined Snake Valley Black-on-gray rim sherds using neutron activation analysis, oxidation analysis, metric data, and statistical methods. I compared my results on Snake Valley Black-on-gray sherds from three archaeological sites within the Parowan Valley (Paragonah, Parowan, and Evans Mound) to my results on Snake Valley Black-on-gray sherds recovered from three archaeological sites over 250 kilometers to the north (South Temple, Block 49, and Wolf Village). I argue that the Snake Valley Black-on-gray ceramics from the northern sites are tradewares …
Blast-Induced Liquefaction And Downdrag Development On A Micropile Foundation, Cameron Mark Lusvardi
Blast-Induced Liquefaction And Downdrag Development On A Micropile Foundation, Cameron Mark Lusvardi
Theses and Dissertations
Frequently, deep foundations extend through potentially liquefiable soils. When liquefaction occurs in cohesionless soils surrounding a deep foundation, the skin-friction in the liquefied layer is compromised. After cyclical forces suspend and pore pressures dissipate, effective stress rebuilds and the liquefied soil consolidates. When the settlement of the soil exceeds the downward movement of the foundation, downdrag develops. To investigate the loss and redevelopment of skin-friction, strain was measured on an instrumented micropile during a blast-induced liquefaction test in Mirabello, Italy. The soil profile where the micropile was installed consisted of clay to a depth of 6m underlain by a medium …
Instructional Case Studies In The Field Of Windfarm Optimization, N. Francesco Baker
Instructional Case Studies In The Field Of Windfarm Optimization, N. Francesco Baker
Theses and Dissertations
Wind farm layout optimization is a multidisciplinary undertaking, requiring students and researchers to integrate many skillsets in order to optimize turbine placement. There is currently a lack of useful benchmarking exercises for participants in the field to compare the efficacy of their methods. This work details the construction and completion of a set of four case studies meant to satisfy this need, with the hope of providing some insight into useful layout optimization approaches. These case studies are intended to also serve as instructive introductory exercises with which newcomers researching wind energy may incrementally practice and increase their abilities.The first …
The Impact Of Calendering On The Electronic Conductivity Heterogenity Of Lithium-Ion Electrode Films, Emilee Elizabeth Hunter
The Impact Of Calendering On The Electronic Conductivity Heterogenity Of Lithium-Ion Electrode Films, Emilee Elizabeth Hunter
Theses and Dissertations
Advancements in Li-ion batteries are needed especially for the development of electric vehicles and stationary energy storage. Prior research has shown mesoscale variations in electrode electronic conductive properties, which can cause capacity loss and uneven electrochemical behavior of Li-ion batteries. A micro-four-line probe (μ4LP) was used to measure electronic conductivity and contact resistance over mm-length scales in that prior work. This work describes improvements to overcome the challenge of unreliable surface contact between theμ4LP and the sample. Ultimately a second generation flexible probe called the micro-radial-surface probe (μ4LP) was designed and produced. The test fixture was also optimized to obtain …
Experienced Esl Teachers' Attitudes Towards Using Phonetic Symbols In Teaching English Pronunciation To Adult Esl Students, Oxana Kodirova
Experienced Esl Teachers' Attitudes Towards Using Phonetic Symbols In Teaching English Pronunciation To Adult Esl Students, Oxana Kodirova
Theses and Dissertations
Different opinions exist about the use of phonetic alphabet symbols in teaching English pronunciation to second language learners. Some authors and researchers believe phonetic symbols can benefit students in many ways; others consider this tool hardly recommendable. However, little empirical research has been done to find out what ESL teachers think about the use of this linguistic tool. Thus, via an online survey this study sought to identify ESL teachers' attitudes towards the use of phonetic symbols in teaching ESL pronunciation. A total of 120 teachers took the survey and most of them were experienced in teaching pronunciation to adult …
Exploring Dialogue Journals As A Context For Connecting With And Supporting The Emotional Lives Of Fourth Graders, Samantha Simone Johnson
Exploring Dialogue Journals As A Context For Connecting With And Supporting The Emotional Lives Of Fourth Graders, Samantha Simone Johnson
Theses and Dissertations
About 20 percent of school-aged children, 18 years and younger, struggle with mental health issues in America today. Mental health issues lead to greater rates of suicide, depression, loneliness, anxiety, and bullying that takes place in and out of schools. This exploratory multiple case study looks at how 10 fourth graders, five male and five female, use a weekly entry in a dialogue journal letter to their teacher to share their emotional lives. I explore how a dialogue journal can open up a space between students and teachers for emotional aspects of life and learning to be included in schools. …
Nature And Origin Of The East Traverse Mountains Mega-Landslide, Northern Utah (Usa), Rodney Ryan Chadburn
Nature And Origin Of The East Traverse Mountains Mega-Landslide, Northern Utah (Usa), Rodney Ryan Chadburn
Theses and Dissertations
The East Traverse Mountains are an E-W trending mountain range dividing Utah and Salt Lake valleys in northern Utah. Geologically perplexing, the nature of the East Traverse Mountains has been under investigation for 140 years. Previously, the mountain range was proposed to be a dismembered but still coherent down-faulted block that experienced 4 km of post-thrusting extension within the Charleston-Nebo thrust sheet. However, new insight on the origin of the East Traverse Mountains indicate that it is a mega landslide, roughly ~100 km3 in size, which catastrophically slid from the upper reaches of the Little-Cottonwood stock to its present-day location. …
Identification Of Genes That Determine Fitness, Virulence, And Disease Outcomes In Mastitis Associated Eschericia Coli, Michael Andrew Olson
Identification Of Genes That Determine Fitness, Virulence, And Disease Outcomes In Mastitis Associated Eschericia Coli, Michael Andrew Olson
Theses and Dissertations
Escherichia coli is an incredibly diverse group of bacteria that consist of both commensal and pathogenic strains that cause disease in a wide variety of tissues in many different animals. The current dogma, based on years of extensive molecular and genetic studies, is that individual strains have adapted to specific environments through acquisition of specific genes or come from lineages that are particularly suited to a unique tissue or host. However, mastitis-associated E. coli (MAEC) have thus far resisted such descriptions. The fitness and virulence factors of MAEC are poorly understood and molecular tools are rarely applied. This dissertation reports …
Application Of A Self-Regulation Framework In An Esl Classroom: Effects On Iep International Students, Claudia Mencarelli
Application Of A Self-Regulation Framework In An Esl Classroom: Effects On Iep International Students, Claudia Mencarelli
Theses and Dissertations
The present mixed methods study looks at the impact of a specific self-regulatory framework (WOOP) developed within the domain of mental contrasting with implementation intentions (MCII), and its effects on the self-reported self-regulation of learners in an intensive English program in the United States over the course of one 14-week semester. The research, which includes a total of 187 participants, compares self-reported self-regulation between students who used the framework and those who did not, and the impact the tool has on the different proficiency levels involved in the study. Furthermore, following a sequential explanatory design, the study aims to examine …
Interventions And Supports To Ameliorate Math Anxiety In K-12 Schools: A Meta-Analysis Of Experimental Group Design Research, Madeline Rose Hardy
Interventions And Supports To Ameliorate Math Anxiety In K-12 Schools: A Meta-Analysis Of Experimental Group Design Research, Madeline Rose Hardy
Theses and Dissertations
"Math anxiety is commonly defined as a feeling of tension, apprehension, or fear that interferes with math performance" (Ashcraft, 2002, p. 181). Symptoms of math anxiety are reported by 33% of students by the time they reach the age of 15, possibly contributing to this workforce dilemma (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2013). Many models and perspectives of math anxiety have been established including conceptualizing math anxiety as a function of working memory deficits, sociocultural conditioning, lack of reappraisal, and anxiety as a precursor to escape-maintained behavior. Math anxiety is more common in individuals with certain disabilities, such as …
Development Of A Management Guide For Concrete Bridge Decks In Utah, Tenli Waters Emery
Development Of A Management Guide For Concrete Bridge Decks In Utah, Tenli Waters Emery
Theses and Dissertations
The objectives of this research were to 1) investigate bridge deck condition assessment methods used in the field and laboratory, methods of managing bridge decks, and methods for estimating remaining bridge deck service life using computer models through a comprehensive literature review on these subjects; 2) collect and analyze field data from representative concrete bridge decks in Utah; and 3) develop a decision tree for concrete bridge deck management in Utah. As a result of the literature review performed for objective 1, a synthesis of existing information about condition assessment, bridge deck preservation and rehabilitation, bridge deck reconstruction, and estimating …
Signal Transport And Rf Over Fiber Design For Alpaca, Erich Johannes Nygaard
Signal Transport And Rf Over Fiber Design For Alpaca, Erich Johannes Nygaard
Theses and Dissertations
The design of the RF over fiber signal transport system for the ALPACA receiver is described, with particular attention to the strict noise requirements as well as dynamic range considerations. Also discussed are analytical tools for analyzing dynamic range in the context of RFI-rich radio astronomy observational settings, including formulas for maximum interference to noise ratios and a simulation framework for predicting distortion levels. Phase and gain stability measurements of the signal transport system are presented, including the effects of the multi-strand armored fiber optic cable. The resulting system meets design requirements, with equivalent noise temperature below 900 K in …
Frameworks For Part Generation In Multiple Cad Systems And For Cad Simulation With Multiple Users, Jonathan Edwin Sadler
Frameworks For Part Generation In Multiple Cad Systems And For Cad Simulation With Multiple Users, Jonathan Edwin Sadler
Theses and Dissertations
Companies often require designers to work with and operate between different computer-aided design (CAD) systems. To interoperate between these systems, a neutral design standard for CAD models is needed that allows for generation, customization, and parameterization. Current standards often fail to incorporate file history and design intent. The research proposes a simplified, neutral design format that can be used to generate models in different CAD systems. The format proposes additional functionality not yet found in existing neutral formats or scripts. The system was tested by generating models in both NX and CATIA, then comparing the models for accuracy, flexibility, and …
Designing Software To Unify Person-Fit Assessment, Phillip Isaac Pfleger
Designing Software To Unify Person-Fit Assessment, Phillip Isaac Pfleger
Theses and Dissertations
Item-response theory (IRT)assumes that the model fits the data. One commonly overlooked aspect of model-fit assessment is an examination of personfit, or person-fit assessment (PFA). One reason that PFA lacks popularity among psychometricians is that comprehensive software is notpresent.This dissertation outlines the development and testing ofa new software package, called wizirt, that will begin to meet this need. This software package provides a wide gamut of tools to the user but is currently limited to unidimensional, dichotomous, and parametricmodels. The wizirt package is built in the open source language R, where it combines the capabilities of a number of other …
Instrumentation And Application Of Image-Charge Detection Of Electrospray-Charged Microparticles And Microdroplets, Jiuzhi Gao
Theses and Dissertations
Image-charge detection is emerging as an important tool to analyze heavy and heterogeneous samples because of its unique advantages in measuring highly charged microparticles. Conventional image-charge detection instruments include at least three fundamental components: an ionization source, an aerodynamic particle delivery system, and an image-charge detector. Here I report research efforts that investigated the mechanisms of image-charge detection and proposed some instrumental developments of these components to suit specific research purposes. In Chapter 2, I report an investigation of the electrospray ionization (ESI) mechanism based on an observation that a certain portion of charged particles generated with an ESI source …
Translating Greek Mythology In Contemporary Chinese Science Fiction, Emily Olive Moore
Translating Greek Mythology In Contemporary Chinese Science Fiction, Emily Olive Moore
Theses and Dissertations
Given its early connection to western science fiction, it is not entirely surprising that contemporary Chinese science fiction (csf) frequently references the "west" in general and Greek mythology in particular. The three works that I analyze in this paper are Xia Jia's "Psychology Game," Gu Shi's "Chimera," and Egoyan Zheng's The Dream Devourer. These three texts utilize Greek mythology in different ways, to different degrees, and with different purposes, and yet they all use Greek mythology to visually disrupt their respective texts. Xia Jia ends "Psychology Game" with a direct Greek-language quotation. Throughout "Chimera," Gu Shi quotes Chinese translations of …
Structures And Characteristics Of Macromolecular Interactions In Gas Phase Using Fourier-Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry, Jiewen Shen
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation investigates non-covalent macromolecular chemistry using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) based techniques. The included studies reveal the impact of molecular structure on conformation and binding energetics. Supramolecules that might be too heavy to be dissociated in single collision-induced dissociation (CID) were dissociated using sustained off-resonance collision induced dissociation (SORI-CID) techniques. Relative binding energies and thresholds were evaluated for various macromolecular host-guest systems. Besides the non-covalent binding energies, conformation characterization was undertaken by a novel method to determine collision cross sectional areas using FTICR (CRAFTI, and multi-CRAFTI), initially developed by the Dearden lab. The systems chosen …
A Morphological Phylogeny Of Odonatoptera: Examining Missing Data In A Group With A Lot Of "Naturally" Missing Data, Robert James Erickson
A Morphological Phylogeny Of Odonatoptera: Examining Missing Data In A Group With A Lot Of "Naturally" Missing Data, Robert James Erickson
Theses and Dissertations
Odonatopera exhibit a wide diversity of morphologies for an ancient group of winged insects. A morphological matrix of 463 characters is compiled for 347 extant and fossil representatives used in parsimony analyses, implemented in TNT, to document arrangements of taxonomic groups above the family level. Missing data and other challenges approaches implemented and interpretation of the results. We employ a novel approach to testing monophyly relative to quantities of missing data for each taxon. Phylogenetic reconstructions recover patterns of monophyly and trends based on missing data. We discuss the implications of our findings on missing data as well as limitations …
A Rapid Spectrophotometric Assay For Quantifying Seed Coat Saponins In Quinoa, Sydney Diver Szabo
A Rapid Spectrophotometric Assay For Quantifying Seed Coat Saponins In Quinoa, Sydney Diver Szabo
Theses and Dissertations
Background and objectives: The commonly used afrosimetric foam-height method for quantifying saponins in quinoa is rapid but imprecise. A rapid UV/Vis method, utilizing the Liebermann-Burchard (LB) color reaction, was compared to the foam method across a range of saponin levels in washed and unwashed seed. Findings: A 6 min UV/Vis method provided greater precision and accuracy than the afrosimetric method at the lower saponin levels found in washed quinoa. The afrosimetric method did not differentiate saponin levels below 0.6 mg/mL but allows for useful relative comparisons of saponin content in unwashed quinoa where the foam height is large. Conclusions: The …
The Effect Of Language Learning Experience On Motivation And Anxiety Of Foreign Language Learning Students, Josie Eileen Thacker
The Effect Of Language Learning Experience On Motivation And Anxiety Of Foreign Language Learning Students, Josie Eileen Thacker
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine how motivation and anxiety within learners studying a foreign language are affected by a participant's language requirement (whether a participant has a language requirement as part of their education), language class level, and language learning environment (those with traditional classroom verses significant in- country experience). The current study surveyed and analyzed the responses of 124 students currently enrolled in a language class at Brigham Young University. Self- reported survey results demonstrate the relationship between motivation and anxiety with relation to language class level, language learning experience, and language requirement fulfillment. Further analyses …
Damsel In Distress Or Princess In Power? Traditional Masculinity And Femininity In Young Adult Novelizations Of Cinderella And The Effects On Agency, Rylee Carling
Theses and Dissertations
Retellings of classic fairy tales have become increasingly popular in the past decade, but little research has been done on the novelizations written for a young adult (YA) audience. Critical multicultural analysis determining the effect of race, gender, disability, and more has been completed for both original fairy tale retellings and fairy tale retellings for children, but scholars have neglected popular YA novelizations. This study aims to determine how traditional masculinity and femininity affect agency in both male and female characters in YA novelizations of Cinderella. To examine the role of traditional masculinity and femininity in young adult novelizations of …