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An Experimental Study Of Semi-Continuous Ph-Parametric Pumping With A Center Feed, John S. Dell'osso

Theses

Parametric pumping represents a new development in separation science. It has attracted considerable attention both because of its novelty and because it permits continuous operation in small equipment with very high separation factors. The basic principle of parametric pumping is to utilize the coupling of periodic changes in equilibrium conditions caused by periodic changes in some intensive variables (temperature, pH, electric field, etc.), and periodic changes in flow direction to separate the components of fluid which flows past a solid adsorbent. Applications of parametric pumping involving the separation of valuable materials such as proteins would be very attractive and profitable …

Application Of Multilevel Control Techniques To Classes Of Distributed Parameter Plants, Frederick Donald Chichester

Dissertations

This study concerns the application of a combination of multilevel hierarchical systems analysis techniques and Pontryagin's minimum principle (multilevel control) to the problem of controlling optimally two classes of dynamic distributed parameter plants representing concentrations balances in streams, rivers and estuaries. The concentrations treated in this study are those deemed the most effective indicators of water quality, dissolved oxygen (DO) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD).

One class of plants treated in this study consists of linear continuous distributed parameter plants represented mathematically by sets of simultaneous partial differential equations. Optimal control of a plant of this class is initiated by …

The Effects Of Optical Path Perturbations During Recording On A Reconstructed Holographic Image, Stevan Israel Feldman

Dissertations

The effects of optical path perturbations occurring during recording on the reconstructed image of a hologram are investigated. It is shown that such variations of optical path are equivalent to conditions of holographic interferometry which can be classified in three categories: 1) object motion alone, 2) film motion alone, and 3) simultaneous film and object motion; all motions are defined with respect to the stationary reference source during the recording of the hologram.

The theory concerning the effects of object motion alone on the radiance distribution of a reconstructed holographic image has already been developed by previous researchers and is …

Distributed Parameter Sensitivity Theory To Solve Certain Reliability Problems, Moses Nee Buernor Ayiku

Dissertations

It is well known that in actual control systems there are uncontrolled parameter changes caused by aging of elements, temperature, pressure and effects of externalmedium, among others, which may impair the performance ofthe system. Hence, there is the need to develop systems that weakly react to these parameter fluctuations. Sensitivity theory has been developed to study some of these problems. Most of the investigations in this area, however, deal with problems in continuous systems modeled by ordinary differential equations. Even the recent publications on sensitivity problems in distributed parameter control systems are largely concerned with systems modeled by first order …

Investigation And Optimum Design Of The Generalized Second-Order Phase-Locked Loop, William Allen Novick

Dissertations

In this dissertation, a second-order phase-locked loop (PLL) in which the loop filter contains complex zeros is investigated in both its linear and nonlinear modes of operation; prior designs used a filter containing a simple zero on the negative real axis. This "generalized" second-order PLL had been heretofore essentially unexplored.

The basic characteristics of the generalized second-order PLL operating in the linear mode including the open and closed-loop responses and the corresponding root locus were generated and compared against those of the conventional second-order PLL. As in the conventional case, the generalized second-order PLL is found to be unconditionally stable. …

Preparation And Magnetic Properties Of Rare Earth Garnets And Apatites, Rostam Mondegarian

Dissertations

It has been found possible to prepare garnets with magnetic trivalent rare earth ions filling all or most dodecahedral sites while nonmagnetic Sc³⁺ ions fill all octahedral sites and magnetic Fe³⁺ ions fill all or most tetrahedral sites. Phase-pure garnets found include {RE_3-ySc_y}[Sc₂](Fe₃)O₁₂, where RE is Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb or Dy and y can be zero with Sm and Eu; {Nd₃}[Sc₂](Fe_zGa_3-z)O₁₂; and other Nd-Sc-Fe garnets of the type {Nd_3-(w+y)M_wS_cy}[Sc₂](Fe …

Separations Of Multicomponent Mixtures Via Thermal Parametric Pumping, John Daniel Stokes

Dissertations

This dissertation covers the separation of solutes from multicomponent solutions via direct mode thermal parametric pumping.

Dilute solution separations were predicted from existing binary equations by assuming the existence of pseudo binary systems, each system consisting of one solute and the common solvent. Two systems, toluene-aniline-n-heptane and toluene-acetophenone-n-heptane with a silica gel adsorbent were used to experimentally demonstrate the separation. Experimental results were in good agreement with the mathematical predictions.

For concentrated multicomponent solutions, the separation was demonstrated by the system, toluene-acetophenone-n-heptane on silica gel. The effects of mass transfer and nonlinear adsorption isotherms became significant and a numerical solution …

The Effects Of Angularity On The Compaction And Shear Strength Of A Cohesionless Material, Richard Edward Swiderski

Theses

Several physical methods are described for the practical measurement and rating of angularity (shape) of cohesionless soil particles. Angularity is determined by utilizing the fundamental property of a sphere: a sphere has the smallest contact surface area of any shape for a given volume. Therefore, any other shape will exhibit a greater contact surface area and consequently will have a greater frictional resistance which is a function of its degree of angularity.

The effects of angularity on the physical behavior (e.g. strength) of cohesionless soils was investigated at various relative compaction densities. For this purpose a combined compaction and direct …

Prediction And Correlation Of The Salt-Effect In Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium, Enrique M. Bekerman

Theses

The feasibility of developing a method of correlation and prediction, for mixtures of two solvents containing a dissolved salt has been studied. The procedure consisted of arriving at the interaction parameters for the three binary systems (solvent 1-solvent 2, solvent 1-salt, solvent 2-salt) and using these to calculate the ternary results. Attempts to generate interaction parameters for the solvent-salt binaries by means of the Wilson equation were unsuccessful, whereas, use of the NRTL equation resulted in a very good fit of the binary data.

In correlating the ternary results, it became necessary to redefine the liquid phase mole fractions and …

Reaction Kinetics For The Synthesis Of Benzyl Benzoate From Benzyl Chloride And The Triethylamine Salt Of Benzoic Acid, Michael A. Kolakowski

Theses

The reaction kinetics for the synthesis of benzyl benzoate from benzyl chloride and the triethylamine salt of benzoic acid has been studied over the temperature range of 70-105°C and a mole ratio of benzyl chloride to triethylamine of 0.5 - 10.0.

A reaction mechanism which is consistent with the experimental data has been derived. The experimental data was analyzed by means of the integral method of analysis. The temperature dependency of the reaction was determined from Arrhenius' Law and the activation energy was calculated to be 15,064 cal/g-mole. An empirical equation which explains the effects of the reactant mole ratio …

Subcontracting By The Petrochemical Engineer-Constructor, Michael Peter Skurla

Theses

An analysis has been made of the methods used by a Petrochemical Engineer-Constructor, who has national labor agreements, in deciding if the construction phase of a project should be done by a subcontract method of construction or be accomplished on a direct hire basis. The petrochemical complex under discussion is considered to be in the $75 million range for the total installed cost including design, engineering, procurement, and construction.

The influence of subcontracting portions of the construction phase by the Engineer-Constructor is reviewed with its impact on: the client; project schedule and cost; local and national labor relations, because of …

The Recovery Of Methanol From The Mother Liquor Of A Pharmaceutical Active Ingredient, Richard Lawrence Eichholtz

Theses

The company has been sending to the sewer the filtrate from one of our chemical processes. This filtrate contains 63 vol. % methanol. The recovery of this methanol would reduce the amount of purchased methanol. The recovery would also reduce the Biological Oxygen Demand of the plant effluent. In the near future the local sewer authority will be billing the company for BOD.

The goal of the recovery process is to obtain methanol of satisfactory quality for reuse in the process from which it came. A literature search and a laboratory study verified the non-ideality of the system. Preliminary calculations …

Non-Standard Workweek Scheduling Technique Selection, John Alexander Oak

Theses

This thesis presents a description of non-standard work scheduling techniques and a comparison method which enables decision-makers to differentiate between available work-scheduling alternatives with the purpose in mind of selecting the most appropriate and suitable arrangement. The method developed calls for the decision-maker to follow a five-step sequential process to obtain final results. The ingredients necessary to achieve such final results are obtained in a manner similar to that demanded by decision-making-under-uncertainty conditions commonly followed in actual industrial settings.

Since the primary objective of business management is the achievement of a profit through the manipulation of available resources, initial sections …

A Study Of The Effect Of An Electric Potential On The Saponification Of Ethyl Acetate, Michael Maciupa

Theses

A reactor of rectangular cross-sectional, area was constructed of plexiglass to study the effect of an electric potential on the saponification of ethyl acetate with sodium hydroxide. Three different laminar region flow rates were used and the applied voltage was varied up to four kilovolts in one kilovolt increments for each flow rate. It was found that the apparent rate constant for the reaction was either increased or decreased depending on the voltage and flow rate used. The largest increase was a 4.2 percent change from zero voltage steady state conditions with an applied voltage of one kilovolt at a …