Digital Commons Network^™

Continuous Interfacial Polycondensation Of Nylon 6-10, Sumer Raj Hundia

Theses

Nylon 6-10 has been prepared by continuous interfacial polycondensation hexamethylenedlamine and sebacoyl chloride in a stirred system. The effect of monomer concentration and stirring on the intrinsic viscosity of the polyamide 6-10 solution in m-cresol was measured.

As stirring (RPM) and monomer increased the intrinsic and the polymer yield through a maximum. Diffusion coefficients (D_AB) for hexamethylenedlamine were for hexamethylenedlamine were and were used for the calculations of j_D factors and K/DAB ratios. A relationship and j_D factors was established by a correlation curve.

Development Of An Apparatus To Obtain Temperature Profiles Of Molten Flowing Polymers, Ismail Kemal Saltuk

Theses

The object of this investigation is to develop and test an apparatus to predict temperature profiles of polymer melts in laminar flow in a heat exchanger, with non-isothermal wall conditions.

A commercial polyethylene melt is pumped at various flow rates through a smooth 0.957 in. I.D. pipe. The entrance temperature of polymer is maintained uniform.

Radially distributed six thermocouples (0.062 in. 0.D.) are placed at 2.5 ft. intervals from the entrance of heat exchanger. Immersion of these probes parallel to the flow direction, reduced the errors due to the conduction of heat from the tube wall to the thermocouple stems. …

Theoretical And Experimental Evaluation Of Cardiac State Utilizing Indicator Dilution Methods For Nonuniform Ventricular Mixing, Stanley Myron Welland

Dissertations

This research is directed toward the development and application of a new approach to the evaluation of cardiac work to diagnose cardiac state. A procedure has been developed for calculating the work performed on the fluid by the left ventricle during the heartbeat. The procedure involves the continuous direct measurement of ventricular fluid mixture temperature during and following the controlled injection, through a catheter, of a known volume of cold saline into the left ventricle. The measured mixture temperatures are used to calculate continuous ventricular volumes during the systolic and diastolic functions of the heartbeat. Plotting measured ventricular pressure versus …

A Kinetic Study Of The Anionic Polymerization Of Neopentylethylene Oxide, Albert Edward Meisinger

Dissertations

Kinetic data for the anionic polymerization of bulk neopentylethylene oxide were determined. The initiator used for this study was potassium t-butoxide. Polymerization runs were made at temperatures of 39.9, 60.0 and 80.3°C using monomer to initiator ratios of 50/1 and 20/1.

The polymerization reaction was found to follow pseudo first order kinetics up to about 60% polymerization and second order after this. The energy of activation for the propagation reaction was found to be 17.4 ± 1.2 K cal/mole and 18.5 ± 1.5 K cal/mole, respectively, for the pseudo first order and second order portions of the polymerization. The value …

On The Classification Of The Solution Space Of Linear Anisotropic Elasticity, Richard Clement Carman

Dissertations

A method is developed within the framework of Synge's function-space interpretation of problems in linear elasticity which allows the consideration of solutions to problems for anisotropic media in terms of the solutions of a corresponding isotropic problem and corresponding simpler anisotropic problems. The isotropic solution and simpler anisotropic solutions establish points in each of the statically and kinematically admissible spaces for the anisotropic problem. The established points are used to define sets of vectors in the statically and kinematically admissible spaces. The linear independence of these vectors can then be determined by a pair of criteria developed in this work. …

Continuous Esterification Of Lactic Acid With N-Butyl Alcohol, Robert Dix

Dissertations

A model is proposed for the reactions occurring when an aqueous 30% lactic acid solution is contacted with a primary alcohol, normal butanol. Kinetic and equilibrium data for the esterification reactions of monomeric lactic acid and dimeric lactic acid were determined in a series of experiments using an ideal overflow back-mix reactor. The variables studied were reaction temperature and catalyst concentration.

It was determined that the significant reactions occurring within this system are the esterification of monomeric lactic acid with n-butanol and the esterification of dimeric lactic acid with n-butanol. Other reactions that may be postulated to occur within the …

A Study Of The Dynamics Of Gas Adsorption In An Air Fluidized Bed, William Charles Zalewski

Dissertations

The dynamics of gas adsorption was studied in an air fluidized bed containing activated alumina particles. The adsorption studies made with a fixed bed and in the transition region between minimum fluidization velocity and 2.0 times minimum fluidization velocity, compliment work done at higher velocities. With adsorption, particle motion controlled the overall dynamics of the fluidized bed. A different approach in applying the two phase fluidization model was necessary to satisfactorily describe unsteady state adsorption in fluidized beds. Experimental and theoretical results were compared in frequency response plots to obtain a rigorous comparison. Good agreement was obtained for flow rates …

The Transferability Of Force Constants Among Olefins, John Martin Comerford

Theses

A normal coordinate analysis of the in-plane vibrations of ethylene was performed using a modified valence force field, a modified Urey-Bradley force field and a hybrid orbital force field. The B_2u species of isobutene was also analyzed. An attempt was made to transfer force constants from ethylene and thereby solve the A₁ species of isobutene, but a solution could not be obtained. This suggests that simple transference of force constants is not feasable in this case.

The potential energy distributions obtained for ethylene are discussed. The normal coordinates calculated in this work are appended.

The Absorption Of Hydrogen Chloride From Dilute Air Mixtures, Edgar L. Demarest

Theses

A study was made of the absorption of hydrogen chloride from air mixtures containing from 1 to 40 mgm. HCl/liter (1000 to 40000 mgm./m.³), using a.4" diameter tower packed with 2" Intalox saddles, irrigated with water or with sodium hydroxide solutions of 0.3% to 3.8% concen?tration. Gas flow rates of 177 to 752 lbs./(hr.)(ft.²) were investigated at three liquid rates: 2960 ; 4260, and 5700 lbs./(hr/)(ft.²). All data were collected below the flooding point.

Correlations of the height of a transfer unit with the superficial gas velocity were prepared for water and for sodium …

Aiir Pollution Emissions From Turbine Powered Aircraft, Raymond Arthur Filippini

Theses

The major pollutants that are emitted by jet aircraft include: particulate matter (soot), carbon monoxide, aldehydes, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides. The first of the pollutants, particulate matter (smoke), constitutes not only a visual nuisance but is also a potential health problem. The rest, which are not visible, are irritants and in high enough concentrations can be toxic.

Since pollutants emitted by jet aircraft are of the same type as those given off by a car, a direct comparison is possible. In one landing take off cycle (LTO), a four engine jet aircraft emits the same amount of particulate matter as …

Phosphate Removal From Sewage Using A Combination Of Ferric Chloride And A Polymeric Flocculant, Ravindra C. Patel

Theses

The present work is concerned with a newer technique and approach to the problem of phosphate removal from waste water. This includes the removal of phosphate from the sample of activated sludge, i.e., a sample from the aeration tank of the secondary sewage treatment. The phosphate is removed by using ferric chloride as a precipitating agent and a cationic polyelectrolyte (P.E.) as a flocculating agent. Results of this study showed that: (a) P.E. addition gives a significant improvement in phosphate removal over that obtained by ferric chloride alone. In some cases the phosphate removal increased from 92 to 96.5 per …

Combined Feedforward-Feedback Control Of A Fluidized-Bed Reactor, Reginald Eugene Mitchell

Theses

Feedforward control, feedback control, and combined feedforward-feedback control were studied on an analog computer to evaluate their effectiveness in controlling a fluidized-bed reactor used for the decomposition of cumene. Proportional, proportional-integral, proportional-derivative, and proportional-integral-derivative modes of control were investigated. Step changes in set-point and load were used as disturbances. The Ziegler-Nichols method and the process reaction curve method of Cohen and Coon were compared in determining values of KC, Ti, and Td which gave optimum control of the fluidized-bed reactor.

Control equation were obtained from the block diagrams of the systems and solved on an EAI TR-20 Analog Computer.

It …

Correlation And Prediction Of Diffussion Coefficients In Binary Gas Systems, Raymond Gerald Bailey

Theses

A correlation was developed for estimating binary gas diffusion coefficients by the reference substance method, in this case using the viscosity of air and subsequently its corresponding temperature. The derivation was made by the linear least square analysis of 65 different binary systems comprising 161 separate data points at temperatures ranging from 193°K. to 1200°K. At any given temperature only the critical molal volume and the molecular weights of the two gases of interest are required to calculate the diffusion coefficient. The correlation based on the viscosity of air had an average error of 7.67%. The correlation using temperature had …

A Computer Program For The Design Of Packed Extraction Columns, George P. Gaccione

Theses

A computer program for the design of packed extraction columns has been developed. This program can operate with a minimum of data of the type that can easily be determined or estimated. The program can be used to investigate design alternates during the preparation of project cost estimates and for the final design of extraction columns.

Viscoelastic Properties Of Polymer Melts, Wu-Shiong Lee

Theses

Thirteen samples of molten polymers were used to test Spriggs and Careau Models. Two empirical equations, one for apparent viscosity and the other which is new, for primary normal stress difference, were checked with these samples also.

In order to test the models, material functions were sought for some specific flow patterns under which the experimental data were collected, and then these functions were compared with data.

Careau Model was found to be better than Spriggs Model in representing molten polymer properties but still yield large deviations. Two empirical equations fitted data quite well and were expected to be useful …

A Modified Redlich-Kwong Equation For Nonpolar And Slightly Polar Gases, David G. Skamenca

Theses

The PVT prediction capability of the Redlich-Kwong equation is substantially improved through the use of a generalized correlation based on the acentric factor. No experimental data is required to obtain the improved constants. Only the acentric factor and the critical properties of the pure gas are needed. The correlation of improved constants is limited to non-polar and slightly polar pure gases and mixtures in the supercritical temperature range.

The correlation applies to a reduced temperature range 1.00 le; T_R le; 1.60 and a reduced pressure range of 0.030 le; P_R le; 3.00. The correlation reduces deviations by as …

The Relation Of Heat Transfer To Power Consumption Of Liquids In Turbulent Flow, John D. Bien

Theses

The relationship between the heat transfer ability and the power input requirement of liquid coolants in a turbulent heat transfer condition was investigated. A correlation in terms of the liquid physical properties and the required volumetric flow was proposed and the use of this correlation in selection of liquids as coolant was discussed. The optimum condition for a high heat transfer/power input ratio was also discussed.

Non-Linear Analysis Of Electrocardiogram Tracings In Detection Of Occult Coronary Artery Disease, Joseph Robert Levitt

Dissertations

The general problem of identifying significant characteristics of a system by analyzing the properties of a signal emitted by that system is common to many disciplines, biological as well as physical. In general, achievement of a satisfactory solution depends on the capability of assigning membership of candidate signals to one of a number of mutually exclusive categories:

In this study, a new technique of processing the standard electrocardiograms from human subjects has been developed. This technique employs a set of non-linear transformations which enable the assignment of electrocardiograms into one of two Mutually exclusive categories. The first category is that …

Extension And Application Of The Sedov-Berdichevskii Variational Principle, Francis X. Prendergast

Dissertations

The Sedov-Berdichevskii variational principle is extended, and this extended principle is employed in the construction of a shell theory.

The extension of the principle is accomplished by the use of Lagrangian multipliers, and a redefinition of terms in order to maintain the original generality of the principle. The Euler equations of the extended variational principle provide, in addition to those obtained in the original principle, elastic and plastic kinematic relations, and, elastic and plastic constitutive relations. Also, the Euler equations of the original principle are obtained in a physically more meaningful form. Examples are given which show how this principle …

Reliability Aspects Of Semiconductor Surface Protective Coatings, Robert Edward Mcmillan

Dissertations

This research was directed towards the occurrence and im-portance of surface leakage in reverse biased semiconductor diodes and the relation of this leakage to the reliability of a device under use conditions. As a result of this study, it is possible to predict one important leakage mechanism after such back-biased diode units have been subjected to long periods of temperature and humidity. This theory is consistent with tests of commercially available units, some of which have very slight surface leakage and others very large surface leakage.

Further, the usefulness of various possible passivating coatings is critically analyzed on the basis …

Dynamic Stress Concentrations About An Epilliptical Discontinuity In An Elastic Solid, Kenneth Roy Schroll

Dissertations

The redistribution of dynamic stresses caused by the presence of an elliptical discontinuity in an infinite isotropic homogeneous elastic solid is examined. The solutions are obtained for the special cases of the rigid immovable inclusion and the vacuous cavity inclusion, and numerical results are presented.

The solutions to the wave equations in elliptical coordinates are expressed in series of the elliptical geometry eigenfunctions. Application of the boundary conditions, vanishing displacements for the rigid immovable inclusion and vanishing stresses for the cavity inclusion, yields in each case two infinite sets of linear algebraic equations for the expansion coefficients of the series …

Oscillations In Pulse Frequency Modulated Control Systems, Warren Joseph Guy

Dissertations

This dissertation is concerned with oscillations and their stability which occur in a control system containing two nonlinearities, separated by linear elements. Specifically the nonlinearities are Integral Pulse Frequency Modulators and the linear elements are described by ordinary differential equations which are linear. The IPFM can be modelled by a quantizer with hysteresis and many other PFM laws are related to IPFM, thus the study applies to more than just IPFM alone.

Boundaries on the system parameters are identified within which free oscillation may be possible. These boundaries give sufficient conditions for stability and necessary conditions for instability. Also since …

A Comparative Analysis Of Multicomponent Distillation Minimum Reflux Methods, Joesph H. F. Loozen

Theses

One of the most important factors to know in the design of distillation columns is the minimum reflux ratio. Numerous procedures have been developed for the determination of the value of the minimum reflux ratio for multicomponent mixtures requiring various degrees of computational effort. Shortcut techniques are obviously advantageous with respect to computation time. After reviewing the available methods, those by Underwood, Colburn, Scheibel and Montross, Murdoch and Holland, and Shiras et al. were selected for further evaluation, mainly on the basis of practical potential.

Comparison of these procedures was accomplished by calculating the minimum reflux ratio for a large …

An Economic Evaluation Of A Pressure Sulfuric Acid Manufacturing Plant, Daniel A. Marlin

Theses

The production of Sulfuric Acid at elevated pressures is presented with the economics for operating at one, three, five, seven, nine and thirteen atmospheres. The conventional and pressure plants are compared operating on the same basis.

The basis for a pressure plant design is obtained from an I.B.M. 1130 computer program developed for One Thousand Net Tons per Day of Sulfuric Acid. Recognized operating conditions for a conventional acid plant are incorporated in the pressure plant design program.

Sulfuric Acid manufacture with operating pressures higher than atmospheric, but less than five atmospheres, results in maximum rate of return on investment …

A Computer Program For The Optimization Of Binary Distillation In A Dual-Column System, Richard Vincent O'Lenick

Theses

A computer program is presented for the optimization of a two-column distillation system involving a two-component mixture. The economic reflux ratios in each column are determined using the McCabe-Thiele Method. Activity coefficients are computed by either the Wilson equation, the Margules equation, or both. The program is general and may be used for any binary system where the assumption of constant molal overflow is valid.

Options in the program permit use of either column in separate calculation schemes.

While the optimization effort was prepared in general terms, the initial work was directed toward the acetone-water system. Full data for this …

The Application Of A Non-Newtonian Rheological Equation To Low-Density Polyethylene, Jeffrey N. Goldstein

Theses

A generalized non-Newtonian equation describing the rheology of molten thermoplastics is verified for low-density polyethylenes. The equation is extended to account for both rheological temperature dependency and polyethylene molecular weight dependency. The prediction of the rheology of new polyethylenes without additional experimentation is thus possible.

Determination Of The Electronic State Of Aryl Nitrenes In An Intramolecular C-H Insertion Reaction, Ali Mohammad Khonsari

Theses

β,γ-Dideuteriopropylbenzene was obtained in 84% yield from deuteration of allylbenzene. Nitration of this compound resulted in o-nitro (β,γ-dideuteriopropyl)-benzene. Reduction of this compound gave o-(β,γ-aideuterio-propyl)aniline. o-(β,γ-Dideuteriopropyl)phenyl azide was prepared by dizotization of the aniline compound, followed by treatment with sodium azide.

Decomposition of the azide in isooctane solution by photolysis at room temperature gave no trace of deuterio-2-methylindoline (intramolecular insertion product).

Photolysis of the azide at the reflux temperature of the solvent (99?C) resulted in the formation of deuterated-2-methylindoline as the major product (40%) yield. The reaction is presumed to proceed through an aryl nitrene intermediate. Analysis of the nuclear magnetic …

Packed Column Simulation, Frederick W. Schmidt

Theses

The most difficult and time consuming aspect of the design of packed columns is the hydraulic part. If the designer wants to try many different conditions, many repetitive calculations will have to be performed. Also, some inaccuracy is incurred when trying to use the U.S. Stoneware curves. The graphs are hard to read and almost impossible to interpolate between the parametric lines. The purpose of the program is to give a more accurate calculation by using equations for the pressure drop lines, interpolating between them and correcting for gas density for each foot of packing. The program also allows changes …

Batch Heat Transfer To Suspensions In An Agitated Vessel, John Philip Horzepa

Theses

Batch heat transfer data was experimentally determined for two phase (solid?liquid) systems in a baffled agitated vessel. Three iron oxide and water and two kaolin and water suspensions were evaluated and were found to be pseudoplastic. A total of 231 heating and cooling data points were examined. Each suspension was evaluated using anchor, paddle, propeller and turbine impellers. Various sizes of the latter three impellers were used.

The experimental heat transfer results for suspensions were compared with the Hagedorn and Salamone correlation for pseudoplastic liquids. Only partial agreement with the more dilute suspensions was obtained. Overall, the data for suspensions …

The Computer Evaluation Of The Natural Frequencies Of Vibrating Circular Plates With Free, Fixed And Simply Supported Edges, Thomas Michael Juliano

Theses

The natural frequencies of the transverse vibration of a thin, isotropic, circular plate with free, clamped, and simply supported edge conditions were studied extensively. The frequency equation for each edge condition was derived from the classical partial differential equation of plate vibration. These equations, which are in terms of Bessel functions, were then solved numerically to find the natural frequencies. Since the accuracy of the Bessel function values is very important in evaluating these frequencies, a comprehensive digital computer program was devised to calculate these values to eleven digit accuracy. In this Bessel function program four different methods were required …