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Geology, Geochemistry And Lava Tubes In Quaternary Basalts, Northeastern Part Of Zuni Lava Field, Valencia County, New Mexico, James Douglas Causey

Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs

Basaltic volcanism in the northeastern part of the Zuni lava field is related to a north-northeast trending regional fracture system. This is shown by elongation of centers and their alignment. However, .the fractures do not control the direction of lava tubes.

There are three distinct stages of volcanic activity common to the Zuni lava field:

1) early pyroclastic eruptions,

2) quiescent flows or fissure eruptions􀀅

3) late pyroclastic eruptions.

Evidence for the first stage is sometimes lacking, but the second and third stages can always be seen.

The basalts range from weakly tholeiitic to alkali in nature. Potassium content varies …

Effect Of The Pedernal Axis On Permian And Triassic Sedimentation, Philip F. Hock

Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs

The area surrounding the Pedernal Hills has been of scientific and economic interest for a number of years. The effect of the Pedernal axis on sedimentation and stratigraphy of late Paleozoic rocks is of major importance. The principal purposes of this study were to determine whether the Precambrian terrane was an active source of sediment and what effect it had on thickness of strata during Permian and Triassic time. the area was also mapped in as much detail as the scale (1:125,000) permitted.

Grain Size Reconnaissance Of The Virginia-North Carolina Inner Shelf Analysis By Settling Technique, Robert Bailey Sanford Jr.

OES Theses and Dissertations

The 2-fold purpose of this study is to calibrate a Rapid Sediment Analyzer and to use it to aid in the determination of the genesis of sediment on the inner continental shelf between Cape Henry and Cape Hatteras. Rapid Sediment Analyzer calibration was conducted by comparison of sieving and settling results of similar sands.

The study area was divided into sediment provinces by both a qualitative procedure (grain size and topography) and a quantitatively procedure (factor-vector analysis). Qualitative provinces are beach and surf, upper shore face, lower shore face, sea floor, and terminal shoals. The berm fines from each terminal …

Surface Energies In The Caso4-H2o System And The Effect Of Supersaturation On The Crystallization Of Gypsum, Sandra C. Feldman

Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs

The surface energy of gypsum has been experimentally determined to be 70. 2 erg/cm² at 30˚ C. The value for anhydrite is calculated as 112 erg/cm². At various extrapolated supersaturations, the number of particles or ions necessary to form nuclei of gypsum and anhydrite is:

Supersaturation

No. part. or ions/nucleus

Gypsum

Anhydrite

10

60.5

1000

51

8

2

99

20

4

Crystal size measurements and crystal shapes were noted for gypsum within the range of supersaturations studied (45.6 to 131). The maximum crystal size is attained at a slightly lower supersaturation than the critical supersaturation. The shape …

Source Rocks And Sediments In Drainage Area Of North Eden Creek, Bear Lake Plateu, Utah-Idaho, Larry W. Mcclurg

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Bear Lake Plateau extends north-south across the north central corner of Utah and the southeastern corner of Idaho. North Eden Creek drains westward through part of the plateau and is crossaxial across both strikes of beds and other structures in the area. The formations in the area mapped are of Triassic, Jurassic, and Tertiary age, although only Jurassic and Tertiary rocks contribute sediments to North Eden Creek. The formations consist of sandstones (Nugget), limestones (Twin Creek), and conglomerates (Wasatch). A local extrusion of basalt occurs in the southwestern part of the drainage area.

Particle-size analyses of 15 samples from …

Transpiration And Dry Matter Response To Atmospheric Humidity, Matric Suction, And Fertility, Gordon Edgar Warrington

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Growth chamber studies showed that a relationship exists between transpiration and dry matter production of spring wheat (Tritiaum Aestivum L. var . Thatcher). A temperature of 27 C for a 16-hour day,and 21 C at night were used throughout the experiment. Relative humidities (RH) of 12, 25, 71, and 83 percent and matric suctions of 1, 3, and 9 bars were used a l ong with six fertility levels and a 20-day growing period. An equation was developed from previous equations by De Wit and Arkley to describe the transpiration ratio (Tr = mass of water transpired/mass of dry …

Cation Exchange And Transport In Soil Columns Undergoing Miscible Displacement, Sung-Ho Lai

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A mathematical model was developed to predict the exchange of one cation by another in a soil column undergoing one dimensional cation solution displacement under steady state flow conditions. The model allowed prediction of both the solution and exchanger phase concentration of the cation in question.

The model consists of a material balance equation which is a parabolic type partial differential equation. The assumption was made that equilibrium was reached instantaneously between the cations in the solution phase and the exchanger phase. This assumption reduced the material balance equation to a form that allowed numerical solution providing the data concerning …

Areal And Temporal Variations In Developmental Phases Of Syringa Vulgaris L. Throughout The Western United States, Joseph Michael Caprio

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This paper presents the results of the analysis of 10 years of information 1957-1966 on three phases-- begin, peak and end bloom-- of the purple common lilac (Syringa vulgaris L.) using data recorded at approximately 1,000 locations throughout the Western Region of the United States.

The pattern of geographical advance of the various bloom phases is determined by both a manual mapping procedure developed by the author and by standard statistical methods. Manually drawn isophanes for the various elevations for begin bloom phase are based entirely upon the first 5 years of record, 1957-1961. A Zones of Adjustment map to …

The Effect Of Chemical Competition On Thermodynamics Of Bacterial Adsorption, Deorao R. Khairnar

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The objective of this investigation was to study the effect of chemical competition on thermodynamics of bacterial adsorption. This was done using an experimental system consisting of Mendon silt loam soil as the adsorbent, Staphylococcus aureus as a common adsorbate and sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), and peptone as competitive adsorbates.

The bacterial adsorption on soil both with and without chemical competition followed Langmuir type isotherms. From the equilibrium data, thermodynamic functions such as free energy, ΔF°, enthalpy, ΔH°, and entropy, ΔS°, were calculated. Observed positive ΔH° values indicated that the bacterial uptake in both noncompetitive and competitive …

Magnesium Ion Inhibition Of Calcium Carbonate Precipitation And Its Relation To Water Quality, John J. Hassett

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effect of Mg⁺⁺ ion on the solubility of calcium carbonate was determined using P. K. Weyls "carbonate saturometer."

The amount of calcium carbonate precipitated or dissolved was measured for five series of waters when equilibrated with solid carbonate.

It was found that the effect of Mg⁺⁺ ion on solubility depend upon the nature of the solid phase: surface area, coprecipitated Mg⁺⁺, minerology, etc.

Pure low area calcite showed an increase in solubility which could be explained by ion-pair formation, while its other carbonates departed from this behavior.

A Kinetic Approach To The Inactivation Of Zinc By Various Soil Constituents, Shingara S. Sandhu

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The adsorption reaction of zinc onto prochlorite, pyroxene, and biotite minerals, from dilute solution (water) was studied under isothermal conditions by agitated nonflow experiment method. The equilibrium concentration of zinc in the solution was determined both by radioactive tracer technique and adsorption spectrophotometer methods. The data were collected at three temperatures.

The data were treated by the equation:

∂θ/∂t = k₁(1-θ)C - k_-1θ

where θ is the fraction of total surface coverage and C is the equilibrium concentration of zinc in solution, k₁ and k_-1 are the rate constants for the adsorption and reverse …

Structural Geology Of Eastern Part Of The Smithfield Quadrangle, Utah, Cheryl Leora Galloway

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The mapped area represents the eastern three-fourths of the Smithfield quadrangle, Utah. This quadrangle is located in the central part of northern Utah about 8.6 miles south of the Utah-Idaho State Line. The Bear River Range, along the eastern margin of the quadrangle, consists of stratigraphic units ranging in age from Precambrian to Devonian. The Salt Lake Formation of Tertiary age rests unconformably on Precambrian quartzite and Paleozoic units along the western side of the range. The Lake Bonneville Group overlaps Cambrian rocks in the southern part of the area and overlaps the Salt Lake Formation in the northern part. …

Volcanic Rocks Associated With The Western Part Of The Mogollon Plateau Volcano-Tectonic Complex, Southwestern New Mexico, Rodney Charles Rhodes

Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs

An area of approximately 450 square miles was mapped on a reconnaissance basis, covering part of the western half of the Mogollon Plateau volcano-tectonic complex. This report deals with the geology of the area and its relationship to the regional volcano-tectonic structure of the Mogollon Plateau.

Upper Cretaceous And Lower Cenozoic Foraminifera Of Three Oil Wells In Northwestern Iraq, Farouk Sunallah Al-Omari

Doctoral Dissertations

"Seventy-five samples of well cuttings and cores from the Iraq Petroleum Company Butmah Well No. 9, Ain Zalah Well No. 16 and Ain Zalah Well No. 17, in northwestern Iraq at approximately 36° 37' north latitude and 42° 41' east longitude, have been examined in detail. The lithologic descriptive term "marl" is replaced by calcareous shale or argillaceous limestone, and the term "globigerinal limestone" is not considered applicable. The foraminiferal fauna from the upper part of the Shiranish Formation prove to be of Maestrichtian age. The Mesozoic-Cenozoic boundary is recognized on the basis of "smaller foraminiferal" faunal assemblages; it is …

Discrimination Of Signal And Noise Events On Seismic Recordings By Linear Threshold Estimation Theory, David Nuse Peacock

Doctoral Dissertations

"The object of this study is the investigation of a linear threshold element technique for identifying surface multiples on a single seismic trace. Traces of seismic events were generated which contained primaries, surface multiples, and various levels of Gaussian random noise. Since it was necessary to separate the events as much as possible, the traces were subjected to pulse-compression deconvolution processing prior to LTE analysis. Mean frequency, peak frequency, amplitude spectrum variance, periodicity, and polarity were employed as pattern parameters. A set of weights was found that would maximize the moment of inertia of the S line distribution of the …

Groundwater Flow In Part Of The Little Missouri River Basin, North Dakota, Thomas M. Hamilton

Theses and Dissertations

The Little Missouri valley in western North Dakota is deeply incised into slightly permeable Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments. An evaluation of the groundwater flow in part of this valley was 'based on the present groundwater flow-system models. Abrupt changes in the hydrochemical facies have been explained relative to a continuous flow system.

The Little Missouri valley ls the discharge area of a regional groundwater flow system; it affects the potential distribution of the flow system for a minimum of 1.000 feet below the valley floor. The discharge area is approximately the same width as the valley floor and has a …

Authigenic Analcite In The Golden Valley Formation Southwestern North Dakota, Marvin J. Furman

Theses and Dissertations

Authigenic analcite constitutes up to about 60 percent of a massive, arksosic sandstone exposed on major buttes in the North Dakota Badlands. The analcite constitutes up to about 80 percent of a thin analcimolite bed at the top of the arkose unit. The analcite occurs as spherulites in the interstices of the arkose and as a cement in the analcimolite. Three types of spherulites are recognized: (1) spherulites with an internal radial structure; (2) spherulites with a massive center and a peripheral radial structure; and (3) spherulites lacking an internal radial structure or having a poorly-defined internal structure. The spherulites …

Petrography Of Xenolith Zones In The Black Face-Ames Plutons, Western San Juan Mountains, Colorado, Richard B. Moore

Theses and Dissertations

The middle to late Tertiary Black Face-Ames plutons are irregularly-shaped, intrusive bodies located in the San Miguel Mountains of southwestern Colorado. The Ames pluton is generally a composite sill; the Black Face pluton is an asymmetric laccol1th. The two plutons are probably joined at depth, and together they form a crudely annular outcrop pattern, open toward the west. The principal rock type within the plutons is granodiorite porphyry, although part of the Ames pluton consists of porphyritic rhyodacite.

Two major zones of xenoliths of Precambrian rock occur within the Black Face-Ames plutons; scattered xenoliths are found at widely separated locations. …

Rates Of Hillslope Lowering In The Badlands Of North Dakota, John R. Tinker Jr.

Theses and Dissertations

Measurements in a small drainage basin in the Little Missouri Badlands of western North Dakota indicate an average rate of hillslope lowering by slopewash of 0.41 inch per year on the west-facing hillslopes underlain by the Sentinel Butte Formation, 0.14 inch per year on the southwest-facing hillslopes underlain by the Tongue River Formation, and 0.11 inch per year on the northeast-facing hillslopes underlain by the Tongue River Formation. Soil creep occurs mainly on the Tongue River Formation and is mostly restricted to the northeast-facing hillslopes where the average rate of soil creep parallel to the hillslope surface is 0.23 inch …

Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction Of Late Quaternary Lacustrine Sediments (Seibold Site) In Southeastern North Dakota, William B. Bickley Jr.

Theses and Dissertations

The Seibold Site on the Missouri Coteau in northwest Stutsman County, North Dakota, contains a late Quaternary lacustrine deposit with a spectaculary preserved and diverse biota; more than 150 species occur, of which the mollusks and fish are figured and discussed in detail in this study. The stratigraphic sequence, in ascending order, is a follows: 1) pebbly silt; 2) clayey silt; 3) organic mud; 4) calcareous mud; 5) sandy silt and clay; 6) silty sand; and 7) sandy silt and clay.

The stratigraphic sequence and biota suggest a 5-phase history for the area during the last 11,000 years. During phase …

Quaternary Geology Of Rolette County, North Dakota, Dwight E. Deal

Theses and Dissertations

Rolette County contains approximately 942 square miles in north central North Dakota (Tps. 159-164 N., Rs. 69-73 W.) adjacent to the Canadian border. It includes the southeastern part of the Turtle Mountains and part of the glacial Lake Souris basin. Basic lithologies recognized in the surface sediments were bedded clay, silt, sand, and gravel; and three types of non-bedded diamicton. These were combined and, with bedding characteristics and organic content, formed 15 practical field mapping units. Geologically significant scarps and hill slopes were also mapped. The data collected is shown at a scale of 1 inch to 2 miles. The …

A Comparative Study Of Nickel Sulphide Deposits Within The Area Of The Canadian Shield, Robert G. Kreiner

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

In order to plan the future development of the Canadian Shield within a conceptual framework as suggested by the Mid-Canada Corridor concept, both the presently developed and potential, natural resources of this area need to be evaluated for knowledgeable development and management. To this purpose, various areas of nickel sulphide deposits within the area of the Canadian Shield have been studied with the object of determining similar sequences of intrusive events and their spatial relationships.

Within the Sudbury area, Ontario, five periods of intrusive activity have been recognized, each period characterized by an initial intrusion of acidic composition, followed in …

Textural Properties, Provenance, And Environments Of Formation Of The "Rimrock" Sandstone Of The Filled Sinkholes Northeast Of Rolla, Missouri, Upendra Jayantilal Parikh

Masters Theses

"Filled sinkholes have long been known to occur in the carbonate rocks of Missouri. A sandstone unit occurs in these sinkholes at their outer margin, forming a rim, and is called here the rimrock sandstone. Samples of rimrock sandstone, from an area northeast of Rolla, Missouri were studied. Grain size, heavy mineral and. thin section analyses of these samples were carried out. Size analysis data suggest that, texturally, the rimrock sandstone is similar to the St. Peter sandstone and that this formation could have supplied sands for the formation of rimrock. Field evidences suggest that continental conditions prevailed at the …

St. Louis Limestone, Stratigraphy And Petrography, Near Its Type Locality, Abd El-Aziz El-Hady A. Borahay

Masters Theses

"The St. Louis Limestone of the Upper Meramecian Series, Mississippian System, is typically lithographic, light-to light-olive gray in color, dense, and fractures conchoidally. It is brecciated, especially in the lower part, and contains some chert nodules. Oolites are present close to the top of the formation. The Salem-St. Louis contact is placed at the base of the lowest breccia zone and the top of Salem is characterized by crystalline quartz and abundance of chert nodules. The appearance of typical Ste. Genevieve oolites with sand-size quartz grains indicates the St. Louis-Ste. Genevieve contact. The St. Louis Limestone is characterized by dominance …

Evaluation And Application Of Dye Tracers In Karst Terrain For Determining Aquifer Characteristics, Milton Frank Bradley

Masters Theses

"As ground water becomes increasingly important as a source of water in the United States, reliable information on the hydrological characteristics of carbonate aquifers must be obtained in order to develop them intelligently. Various tracers have been used in the past to determine if two or more points are connected hydrologically. Today there exists a number of excellent dye tracers and tracer methods have been developed in unconsolidated and clastic aquifers for determining hydrological characteristics. This paper reviews the various dye tracers and methods which might be applied in a carbonate karst terrain using wells as injection and sampling points. …

The Beach Water Table As A Response Variable Of The Beach-Ocean-Atmosphere System, Leland Edward Fausak

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Fluctuations of the water table in a marine beach over a rising half-tide cycle were investigated as a function of variations in local still water level, swash runup distance, distance of a sampling station from the shoreline, and atmospheric pressure. The data were taken from a 30-day time series of observations of environmental variables taken at Virginia Beach, Virginia, during August and September, 1969. Sequential linear multiple regression analyses were used to rank the process variables in order of importance in each of 13 water-table monitoring wells spaced along a transect transverse to the shoreline . Results showed that tidal …

Petrology And Diagenesis Of The Cyclic Maquoketa Formation (Upper Ordovician) Pike County, Missouri, Edwin Carl Kettenbrink Jr.

Masters Theses

"The Maquoketa Formation (Upper Ordovician-Cincinnatian Series) has been extensively studied for over one hundred years, but a petrographic study of its cyclic lithologies has been neglected. The following six distinct Maquoketa lithologies have been recognized in this study in Pike County, Missouri: 1) phosphatic biosparite, 2) phosphorite, 3) micrite-microsparite, 4) dolomitic shale, 5) dolomitic marlstone, and 6) dolomitic quartz siltstone. Three cycle types are present in the Maquoketa. They are expressed as thin beds (1-20 inches) of alternating micrite-shale, micrite-marlstone, and shale-siltstone. Contacts between different lithologies are sharp, indicating a primary sedimentological origin for the cycles. Precisely what mechanism was …

The Lund Ash-Flow Tuff, John Evans Kreider

Masters Theses

"The Lund Ash-flow Tuff is the uppermost member of the Needles Range Formation, located in southwestern Utah and eastern Nevada. This member can be correlated over an area of several thousand square miles. A detailed study of petrographic and physical features of the Lund show vertical and lateral variations in mineral content and welding intensity. Vertical differences are related to changes in the magma chamber during the Lund eruption interval. Several different ash-flows make up the Lund member. All mineral concentrations vary laterally, with concentration decreasing away from the center of the Lund field. Vertical and lateral variations in physical …

Surficial Lineaments And Their Structural Implications In The Williston Basin, Kirth Kirth Erickson

Theses and Dissertations

Lineaments of apparent geostructural origin are observable on air photos of the Williston basin. The pattern formed by these lineaments has the appearance of a broad system of interconnecting wrench faults such as occur on the adjacent Canadian shield. On this basis it is hypothesized that a broad system of left-lateral wrench faults may underlie the Williston basin region and possibly the entire continental foreland structural province.

Structures in the Williston basin are readily adaptable to this interpretation. The Nessen anticline appears to consist of a north-south realignment of a N. 40° E.- trending Precambrian high which was segmented by …

Linear Regression Models Of Sound Velocity In The North Atlantic Ocean Below A Critical Depth, Richard Roland Kunkel

Doctoral Dissertations

"Sound velocity models currently in use by the U. S. Navy require difficult data sampling at great expense. This study is to investigate the feasibility of a sound velocity model dependent only upon position that would be valid for a selected, reasonably large, near homogeneous area of the ocean. The most important position parameters are latitude, longitude, and depth. To accomplish this objective a critical depth of 2500 meters was established for an 8° by 20° rectangle of the Sargasso Sea which lies within the North Atlantic Ocean. The critical depth is defined as the depth at which the characteristics …