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Supervisee Experiences Of Impression Management, The Supervisory Working Alliance, And Counseling Self-Efficacy, Jennifer M. Haist
Supervisee Experiences Of Impression Management, The Supervisory Working Alliance, And Counseling Self-Efficacy, Jennifer M. Haist
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Supervision plays a vital role in fostering competent, ethical and effective counseling psychologists. However, studies have shown that supervisees act in ways that counteract the benefits of supervision. Trainees manage supervisor impressions to the detriment of their professional growth; they withhold information that would help supervisors promote learning, clarify misunderstandings, gain insight into supervisee weaknesses and strengths, and provide feedback that would enhance supervisee competence. Supervisee nondisclosure is a particularly prevalent impression management behavior documented in the supervision literature (Hill, Thompson, & Corbett, 1992; Ladany et al., 1996). It and other forms of impression management may be particularly related to …
Disclosure And Perceptions Of Social Support In Male Victims Of Child Sexual Abuse, Abigail Leslie
Disclosure And Perceptions Of Social Support In Male Victims Of Child Sexual Abuse, Abigail Leslie
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Child sexual abuse of males is a serious issue that is largely hidden in the United States because many victims never disclose the abuse. The literature review highlights the prevalence and severity of child sexual abuse of males and the negative effects non-disclosure has on the psychological well-being of the victim. The need to study factors affecting whether or not a male victim discloses is stressed, and social support is proposed to be an influencing factor. This study explored the impact of social support on disclosure status for male victims of child sexual abuse in parts of West Virginia and …
The Evaluation Of Emotion Regulation In Caregivers Referred To A Parent-Training Program, Nancy M. Wallace
The Evaluation Of Emotion Regulation In Caregivers Referred To A Parent-Training Program, Nancy M. Wallace
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In recent years, emotion regulation has become a topic of particular interest to both clinicians and researchers and has been shown to play a significant role in a variety of behavioral and psychological difficulties in both adults and children (Gratz & Tull, in press). However, parents of children referred for parent training may experience significant difficulty regulating their emotions as they attempt to cope with and control their children's misbehavior. The present study explored the role of caregiver emotion regulation in parent training by attempting to understand if (1) parents and children who are referred for parent training have difficulty …
Psychosocial Predictors Of Breast Awareness Behaviors, Carol Goulet
Psychosocial Predictors Of Breast Awareness Behaviors, Carol Goulet
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Whether women should practice breast self-examination (BSE) has been debated for decades. Current guidelines promote understanding how one's breasts normally look and feel through the practice of BSE or informal self-examination practices (referred to as breast awareness). This study investigated how modern women practice breast awareness behaviors, and how personal, theoretical, and psychosocial constructs influence engagement in these behaviors. Data from 626 women without a history of breast cancer were used to investigate associations between psychosocial variables (e.g., anxiety, body dissatisfaction, cancer fatalism; religious beliefs and participation) and breast awareness behaviors (BSE frequency and proficiency, frequency of checking for lumps, …
Age-Related Differences In The Experience Of Health Anxiety And Use Of Coping Strategies, Lindsay A. Gerolimatos
Age-Related Differences In The Experience Of Health Anxiety And Use Of Coping Strategies, Lindsay A. Gerolimatos
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The experience of heath anxiety among older and young adults is poorly understood. Most studies (e.g., Abramowitz & Moore, 2007; Gramling et al., 1996) have examined cognitions and behaviors associated with health anxiety, with little to no studies examining emotions and physiological arousal. The present study induced health anxiety in a laboratory setting with 36 older and 36 young adults by providing false health-related feedback. Outcome variables included physiological arousal (heart rate, blood pressure), self-reported arousal (distress, fear of body sensations), and self-reported emotions recorded across three periods: baseline, induction, and recovery. Repeated measures MANCOVAs were conducted with baseline measures …
Assessment Of Hopelessness In Older Adults: The Development And Initial Validation Of The Hopelessness Inventory For Later Life (Hill), Jeffrey J. Gregg
Assessment Of Hopelessness In Older Adults: The Development And Initial Validation Of The Hopelessness Inventory For Later Life (Hill), Jeffrey J. Gregg
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Hopelessness has garnered a wealth of empirical support as an important construct in psychological assessment and treatment. It is more than a symptom of major depression; rather, hopelessness has been shown to be a strong risk factor for physical illness, suicidal behavior, and mortality. In fact, hopelessness has been found to be an independent risk factor for these negative outcomes controlling for overall depressive symptoms. Hopelessness is an especially important construct for assessment in later life, as older adults are at an elevated risk of suicide worldwide. Studies have generally supported the use of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS; Beck …
Psychological Measures To Predict Serious Prison Violence, Allison M. Schenk
Psychological Measures To Predict Serious Prison Violence, Allison M. Schenk
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With 2.2 million adults incarcerated throughout the United States (Glaze & Herberman, 2013), prisons are crowded, volatile environments susceptible to violence. Prior research has identified demographic and criminal variables that consistently predict prison violence. The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of psychological variables to predict prison violence among 180 inmates from a state prison in West Virginia. The psychological variables studied included history of mental illness and results from psychological assessments (Beta-III, MMPI-2-RF, TCU Drug Screen II). Using a logistic regression analysis, history of mental illness and the MMPI-2-RF scale of Psychoticism accurately predicted violent inmates …
Exploring The Components Of Prenatal Anxiety, Suzan Walsh Clemens
Exploring The Components Of Prenatal Anxiety, Suzan Walsh Clemens
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Anxiety and fear often are associated with pregnancy, and its short- and long-term biological, psychological, and social lifestyle changes that affect both the mother and the child. The primary aim of this study was to differentiate components of prenatal anxiety and fear, to facilitate operational classifications of those components. A better understanding of prenatal anxiety and fear can inform the creation of future measures and facilitate referrals for high levels of such distress. An exploratory descriptive research design was used to examine potential components of prenatal anxiety and fear (i.e., anxiety sensitivity, fear of pain, depression, and childbirth-related self-efficacy). The …
Evaluation Of Emotion Regulation And Associated Characteristics In Foster Children Using The Dyadic Parent-Child Coding System And Caregiver-Report Measures, Meredith A. Norman
Evaluation Of Emotion Regulation And Associated Characteristics In Foster Children Using The Dyadic Parent-Child Coding System And Caregiver-Report Measures, Meredith A. Norman
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The main purposes of this study were to: (a) explore the validity of a relatively new behavioral observation coding system in young children referred for treatment of disruptive behavior, (b) explore which specific foster parent behaviors are most associated with child emotion regulation, and (c) explore whether internalizing or externalizing foster child behavior problems are most associated with child emotion regulation. The sample consisted of 40 foster parent-child dyads who participated in a larger study funded by the National Institutes of Health. Assessments included behavioral observation of child emotion regulation using the Global Dysregulation Scale and a calculation of the …
Examining Factors Associated With Faking-Good Responding On The Child Abuse Potential Inventory, Amanda H. Costello
Examining Factors Associated With Faking-Good Responding On The Child Abuse Potential Inventory, Amanda H. Costello
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Child maltreatment (e.g., physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect) remains a serious public health issue which affects an estimated 19% of victims in the United States (Fang, Brown, Florence, & Mercy, 2013; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2010), and therefore, it remains important to continue to engage in quality control of the assessment, prevention, and treatment services for parents and children who have been involved in child maltreatment. Parenting capacity assessments (PCAs) are typically ordered in these cases to offer diagnostic impressions of and treatment recommendations for the referred parent (Budd, Connell, & Clark, 2011). The …
Military Versus Civilian Murder-Suicide Psychological Profiles, Christina Patton
Military Versus Civilian Murder-Suicide Psychological Profiles, Christina Patton
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Previous studies have implicated dramatic differences between military members and civilians with regard to violent behavior, including suicide, domestic violence, and harm to others, but none have examined military murder-suicide. This study compared military and civilian murder-suicide perpetrators on a number of demographic, psychological, and contextual factors. Military murder-suicide perpetrators were more likely to be older, suffer physical health disparities, be currently or formerly married, and less likely to abuse substances. They were also more likely than civilians to complete a murder-suicide due to a motive of depression, rather than one of jealousy or anger related to relationship dissolution. Logistic …
Effectiveness Of Community-Delivered Parent-Child Interaction Therapy Compared To Treatment As Usual, Jocelyn Stokes
Effectiveness Of Community-Delivered Parent-Child Interaction Therapy Compared To Treatment As Usual, Jocelyn Stokes
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Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is a "probably efficacious" treatment for children with disruptive behavior disorders (Eyberg, Nelson, & Boggs, 2008). However, many of the characteristics of the efficacy studies (e.g., therapy conducted in university-based clinics, graduate student therapists, supervision and feedback on integrity to the model, recruited families, homogeneous samples) supporting PCIT may limit the generalization of the results to the community setting where most families receive treatment (e.g., Weisz, Jensen-Doss, & Hawley, 2006). Few studies of PCIT have examined the effectiveness of PCIT implemented by community therapists, and these studies have many methodological limitations including no reliability of observational …
Perceived Burdensomeness, Thwarted Belongingness And Acquired Capability For Suicide: Suicidal Risk Factors In An Incarcerated Population, Sarra Nazem
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Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in incarcerated individuals. Previous research suggests that prior suicidal behaviors, history of substance abuse/dependence, and depressive symptoms are common risk factors associated with death by suicide in incarcerated populations. Additionally, offenders who have committed violent crimes, are incarcerated in higher security institutions, and have longer sentences are also at increased risk for suicide. Although research has identified risk factors for suicidal behaviors, there has been very little theory-driven research on suicidal behaviors in incarcerated populations. Joiner's interpersonal theory of suicide (Joiner, 2005; Van Orden et al., 2010) may be an especially …
Examining The Painful And Provocative Events Scale And Testing The Interpersonal-Psychological Theory Of Suicidal Behavior In Undergraduates And Cyberbullying Victims, Matthew R. Mcnally
Examining The Painful And Provocative Events Scale And Testing The Interpersonal-Psychological Theory Of Suicidal Behavior In Undergraduates And Cyberbullying Victims, Matthew R. Mcnally
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Suicide is a leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Individuals are hypothesized to acquire the capability for suicide through the experiencing of painful and provocative events. The primary purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Painful and Provocative Events Scale (PPES), a measure that seeks to identify experiences that lead an individual to acquire the capability for suicide through an increased tolerance for pain and a decreased fear of death. An exploratory factor analyses conducted to examine the factor structure of a revised Painful and Provocative Events Scale yielded a two-factor structure. …
Giving Support And Mental Health In Older Adults At Risk For Vision Impairment, Merideth Smith
Giving Support And Mental Health In Older Adults At Risk For Vision Impairment, Merideth Smith
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Physical disability and visual impairment place older adults at a doubled risk for depression and a seven-fold increased risk for death by suicide. Social interaction is one of the factors that may aid adaptation to vision impairment. Preliminary research suggests that giving support to others has a significant relation with fewer depressive symptoms, greater life satisfaction, and greater satisfaction with support received in older adults. There has been no study to date addressing the role of giving support to others in protecting against suicidal behaviors, or other factors related to suicide risk, such as reasons for living. Using a sample …
Stress And Obesity: Facilitation Of Neuroendocrine And Autonomic Nervous System Recovery From Stress While Eating Comfort Foods?, Paula R. Prentice
Stress And Obesity: Facilitation Of Neuroendocrine And Autonomic Nervous System Recovery From Stress While Eating Comfort Foods?, Paula R. Prentice
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Obesity and dysfunctional eating are prevalent and costly concerns in the United States and throughout the world (CDC, 2007; Mathus-Vliegen et al., 2008). Research into the etiology of these conditions points to problems regulating eating, particularly during times of stress. The animal literature suggests that eating during and following stress may lead to a more immediate physiological recovery from stress (e.g., Bulwalkda et al., 2001; Pecoraro et al., 2004). The present study was designed to test this phenomenon in humans; that is, to determine if eating a favorite food immediately after stress would lead to enhanced physiological recovery from stress; …
The Influence Of Memory Enhancement Techniques On Source Monitoring, Ria M. Travers
The Influence Of Memory Enhancement Techniques On Source Monitoring, Ria M. Travers
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An important aspect of accurate eyewitness testimony is not only being able to recall the details of an event, but being able to trace that memory back to its source or origin (Johnson, Hashtroudi, & Lindsay, 1993). The current study examined the use of two memory enhancement interventions to improve the accuracy of source memory, or the correct attribution of a memory to its origin, and free recall. The first intervention, motivational instructions, informed participants that they are capable of recalling an event if they try their best. The second intervention, focused meditation, used a breathing exercise to focus individuals' …
Emotion Regulation And Threat Estimation As Mediators Of The Relation Between Cognitive Functioning And Anxiety In Late Life, Caroline M. Ciliberti
Emotion Regulation And Threat Estimation As Mediators Of The Relation Between Cognitive Functioning And Anxiety In Late Life, Caroline M. Ciliberti
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Background: Rates of anxiety are generally thought to decline in typically aging older adults. Some theorize that this decline is a result of age-related improvements in emotion regulation. Emotion regulation may require the use of complex cognitive processes, however, which can be impacted by cognitive decline. Indeed, the prevalence of anxiety is high among older adults with cognitive impairment. The current study examined emotion regulation and threat perception as possible mediators in the relation between cognitive functioning and anxiety.;Methods: One hundred adults, aged 60 and older, were recruited from nursing homes, assisted living facilities, and the community. All were asked …
The Influence Of Self-Reported Family Functioning On Depression Symptom Severity And Psychological Well-Being In Treatment-Seeking Older Adults, Patricia M. Bamonti
The Influence Of Self-Reported Family Functioning On Depression Symptom Severity And Psychological Well-Being In Treatment-Seeking Older Adults, Patricia M. Bamonti
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Among treatment-seeking older adults, positive social ties are related to depression outcomes prospectively. Less is known regarding the role of negative social ties in relation to depression and well-being outcomes among patients in treatment. The current study adds to this literature through the cross-sectional and prospective examination of patients' appraisal of family members perceived criticism in relation to self-reported depressive symptom severity and psychological well-being In addition, potential moderators of these relations were examined, including personality variables (Neuroticism and Conscientiousness), cognitive functioning, and living status. adults 60 years of age and older newly (< 1 month after intake session) receiving treatment for depressive or anxious symptomatology at a university-affiliated outpatient clinic as part of an on-going study that assessed depression and decision-making in late life. Results demonstrated that individuals with increased perceived criticism also had greater depressive symptom severity, at least measured at one point in time. Perceived criticism failed to predict change in depression symptom severity in the prospective analyses. Similarly, perceived criticism was associated with lower psychological well-being in the cross-sectional analyses; however, perceived criticism failed to predict change in psychological well-being in prospective analyses. No significant interactions were found with perceived criticism, suggesting at least in the current study, personality variables, cognitive functioning, and living status did not qualify the relation between perceived criticism and depression symptom severity or change in depression symptom severity over time. EI was not significantly associated with depression symptom severity and psychological well-being cross-sectionally and prospectively, after controlling for perceived criticism and perceived social support from family. Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
Effectiveness Of Biofeedback In Improving Heart Rate Variability Recovery Following Stress, Amanda L. Wheat
Effectiveness Of Biofeedback In Improving Heart Rate Variability Recovery Following Stress, Amanda L. Wheat
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The current study was designed to examine the efficacy of heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback using emWave, a specific biofeedback device available to the public, and to determine whether such treatment affects phasic physiological responses to stress. Twenty-seven individuals (4 males, 23 females), aged 18-30 years (M = 22.54 years, SD = 3.82) participated in the current study. Thirteen individuals were randomly assigned to a control group and received no intervention, whereas the remaining 14 participants underwent 4-8 sessions of emWave intervention. All participants attended pre-treatment and post-treatment assessment sessions during which a stressor protocol was administered; physiological data were …
Impulsivity And Suicidal Ideation Or Attempt In Younger And Older Adults, Elizabeth C. Price
Impulsivity And Suicidal Ideation Or Attempt In Younger And Older Adults, Elizabeth C. Price
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Rates of suicidal behaviors vary over the lifespan, but little research has focused on developmental aspects of suicidal behaviors and associated risk factors. Previous studies suggest that young people who attempt or die by suicide are likely to be generally impulsive. 108 community-dwelling older adults age 60 and older and 498 undergraduate students ages 18-30 completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies -- Depression Scale, the Barratt Impulsivity Scale, and the Suicidal Behaviors Scale -- Revised. The hypothesis was that the relation between impulsivity and suicidal ideation or attempt, in the context of depressive symptoms, would be stronger in younger adults …
Psychosocial Concerns In Pediatric Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injury Patients, Janelle M. Mentrikoski
Psychosocial Concerns In Pediatric Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injury Patients, Janelle M. Mentrikoski
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Obstetric brachial plexus injuries (OBPI) occur during childbirth when the child's shoulder blade gets stuck on the mother's pubic bone, resulting in damage to nerves in the child's shoulder. Due to the possible visible nature (e.g., injured arm may be shorter than the non-injured arm) and mobility limitations (e.g., difficulties in raising the injured arm to brush one's teeth) associated with these injuries, youth with OBPI may experience psychosocial difficulties. However, little research has examined the psychosocial functioning in this population. The current study sought to investigate possible predictors of social functioning and self-concept in youth with OBPI. This study …
Identification Of Early Behavioral Markers Of Anxiety And Social Withdrawal In Preschool Children, Chelsea M. Ale
Identification Of Early Behavioral Markers Of Anxiety And Social Withdrawal In Preschool Children, Chelsea M. Ale
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This study examined an observational method for identifying specific behaviors to indicate social anxiety and social withdrawal in preschool children. During an interaction task with a novel adult, 28 children (ages 4 and 5) were observed for specific verbal and non-verbal behaviors (i.e., total utterances, commands, questions, unsolicited conversation, direct responses, eye gaze aversion, non-verbal response, physical distancing, freezing, smiling ) and global behaviors (i.e., shyness, volume or speech, and postural rigidity), theoretically relevant to early childhood social anxiety. Behaviors observed during the interaction task were examined in relation to the parent-reported Spence Preschool Anxiety Scale's social anxiety subscale (Spence, …
Receiver Operating Characteristics Of The Cap Lie Scale And Correlates Of Impression Management In Parenting Capacity Evaluations, Ryan J. Anderson
Receiver Operating Characteristics Of The Cap Lie Scale And Correlates Of Impression Management In Parenting Capacity Evaluations, Ryan J. Anderson
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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Child Abuse Potential L scale with a heterogeneous sample of caregivers referred for parenting capacity evaluations. One aim of the study was to assess the measurement properties of the L scale. A second aim was to evaluate the discriminative validity of the L scale by way of its receiver operating characteristics. A third aim of the study was to examine potential correlates of desirable responding on the L scale. The findings from this study provide new information about the psychometric properties of the CAP L …
The Association Of Social Anxiety And Parenting Factors With Adolescent Use Of Facebook, Brian Creasy
The Association Of Social Anxiety And Parenting Factors With Adolescent Use Of Facebook, Brian Creasy
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Computers and the Internet play a substantial role in how adolescents communicate with one another. Social networking websites, in particular, are a popular medium used by adolescents in which users can develop and maintain a large number of relationships from a single profile page. Facebook represents one of the most widely used social networking websites; however, little is known about the types of factors that are associated with the way in which adolescents use it. The present study examined the association of social anxiety and parenting with adolescent Facebook use. One hundred and sixty-two adolescents between the ages of 16 …
Risk Perception Among Sexually Abused Female Adolescents, Andrea M. Jones
Risk Perception Among Sexually Abused Female Adolescents, Andrea M. Jones
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Previous research investigating risk recognition in female victims of child sexual abuse has focused on college-aged women and young adults to the exclusion of adolescent females, who are just entering the stage where dating and sexual relationships are becoming important. Research with college-aged women and young adults has demonstrated that women with a history of child sexual abuse are less likely to detect risk cues in social environments. Understanding how adolescents perceive risky situations is important in preventing the trajectory from child sexual abuse to later adult victimization. It also is important to understand deficits in risk perception across a …
Evaluation Of Treatment Integrity Errors On Mand Acquisition, Sacha T. Pence
Evaluation Of Treatment Integrity Errors On Mand Acquisition, Sacha T. Pence
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Manding (requesting) is a vital component of successful language development and allows children to access reinforcers in their environment. When training mands, caregivers may not implement the training program as designed ("treatment integrity failures"). The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effects of incorrect-item delivery (Experiment 1) and response-independent item delivery (Experiment 2) across four levels of treatment integrity (0%, 40%, 70%, and 100%) on mand acquisition. A total of six children (three in each experiment), who communicated vocally using full sentences and engaged in some independent manding participated in the study. During Experiment 1, two of …
Predicting Emergency Dental Care Over A Decade: Investigating Dental Care-Related Fears In Symptomatic Treatment-Seeking Behavior, Cameron L. Randall
Predicting Emergency Dental Care Over A Decade: Investigating Dental Care-Related Fears In Symptomatic Treatment-Seeking Behavior, Cameron L. Randall
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Avoidance of dental care, resulting from fear and anxiety, has major implications for oral and overall health. For instance, untreated oral disease may exacerbate cardiovascular disease and diabetes, among other systemic health concerns (Williams et al., 2008). In the USA, 5-10% of adults avoid necessary dental treatment because of dental care-related fear (Milgrom et al., 2009). The long-term goal of this project was to improve our understanding of psychosocial barriers to oral health care. Specifically, the study aimed to examine the relation between dental care-related fears, fear of pain, and dental beliefs in a rural, Appalachian population and to determine …
The Relationship Between Temperament And Facets Of Creativity, Clark Daniel Pinson
The Relationship Between Temperament And Facets Of Creativity, Clark Daniel Pinson
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The purported association between mental illness and creativity has been most heavily researched in individuals diagnosed with a bipolar disorder. The bipolar disorders have been conceptualized as a spectrum of disorders that range from problematic and labile affect to different types of temperament. Temperament has classically been defined as elements of personality that are heritable, stable, based on emotion, and uninfluenced by socio-cultural learning. Contemporary literature suggested that at least some aspects of creativity may be enhanced by an affective range that has been best characterized by the milder part of the bipolar spectrum of disorders. The primary inquiry of …
Potential Empathy Deficits, Motivations, And Desistence In Traditional And Cyber Bullies, Colleen M. Keelan
Potential Empathy Deficits, Motivations, And Desistence In Traditional And Cyber Bullies, Colleen M. Keelan
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Bullying is a serious phenomenon that includes behaviors conducted in a variety of mediums, including face-to-face (i.e. traditional bullying) and through technology (i.e. cyberbullying). This study examined differences between traditional bullies and cyberbullies in empathy deficits, motivation to engage in bullying behavior, and reasons for desistence of bullying behavior. The Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire was used to assess traditional bullying whereas the Internet Experience Questionnaire was used to assess cyberbullying. In a sample of 288 college students, there was no significant differences in total empathy, affective empathy, or cognitive empathy, between traditional bullies (N = 41), cyberbullies (N = 48), victims …