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Articles 1 - 30 of 32
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Buprenorphine And Anxiety-Like Behavior In C57bl/6j Mice With Diet-Induced Obesity, Nicole Angelina Mickels
Buprenorphine And Anxiety-Like Behavior In C57bl/6j Mice With Diet-Induced Obesity, Nicole Angelina Mickels
Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects
No abstract provided.
Interactions Between Soft Nanoparticles And Mammalian Cells, Mitchell Raith
Interactions Between Soft Nanoparticles And Mammalian Cells, Mitchell Raith
Doctoral Dissertations
Nanoparticles have been of interest to the pharmaceutical industry since the 1980s. The first FDA approved nanoparticle-based therapies included liposomal anesthesia agents. Since then, the amount of FDA-approved nanoparticle therapies remains low. This is because nanoparticle-patient interactions can be very complex and are not well understood. Complicating factors also include increasing obesity rates among the patient population and many small animal pre-clinical trials are completed with healthy, lean animals. The biochemical differences between lean and obese patients prevents early studies from accurately predicting nanoparticle clinical behaviors. Many nanoparticles fail in trails. In this thesis, I aimed to uncover how nanoparticles …
Effects Of N-3 Pufa-Derived Epoxides Combined With Seh Inhibition On Brown Adipose Tissue And Brown Adipocytes In Obesity, Yang Yang
Doctoral Dissertations
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has become a promising target for obesity treatment and prevention. However, effective dietary factors to promote BAT mass and function have not been identified. 17,18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (17,18-EEQ) and 19,20-epoxydocosapentaenoic acid (19,20-EDP) are two prominent epoxy fatty acids (EpFAs) produced from n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), respectively. EpFAs are quickly metabolized to less active diols by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). In this dissertation, the effects of an sEH inhibitor (t-TUCB) (which stabilizes EpFAs) alone or combined with n-3 EpFAs on thermogenic activity in the BAT and brown adipocytes in …
Zyflamend Inhibits Adipogenesis: A Mechanistic Study Evaluating The Impact Of Phytonutrients On Adipocyte Differentiation, Victoria Frankel
Zyflamend Inhibits Adipogenesis: A Mechanistic Study Evaluating The Impact Of Phytonutrients On Adipocyte Differentiation, Victoria Frankel
Masters Theses
Zyflamend, a polyphenol herbal supplement, includes numerous different extracts. This botanical complex has been used as a natural anti-inflammatory due to its impact on COX-2. More recently, research has exhibited its potential as an anti-cancer agent. Currently, the effects of Zyflamend in non-cancer cells, specifically adipocytes, has yet to be explored. Due to Zyflamend's ability to promote activation of AMPK, it may prove relevant to study the potential interactions with cells treated with Zyflamend during differentiation, a metabolically involved process. This study sought to determine the impact of Zyflamend on non- cancer cells such as 3T3-L1 adipocytes during differentiation and …
Angiogenic Roles Of Vegfb And Vegfr1 In Vitro And In Vivo, Jacob Cecil
Angiogenic Roles Of Vegfb And Vegfr1 In Vitro And In Vivo, Jacob Cecil
Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects
No abstract provided.
Elucidating The Effects Of Metabolic State On Nanoparticle Distribution In Mice And In Vitro Uptake, Kevin James Quigley
Elucidating The Effects Of Metabolic State On Nanoparticle Distribution In Mice And In Vitro Uptake, Kevin James Quigley
Doctoral Dissertations
Since almost 70% of the U.S. population over 20 years old is overweight and 30% is obese, with much of the western world following suit, many patients that will potentially be administered circulating nanoparticles designed to localize to tumors and avoid non-target areas will have significant amounts of white adipose tissue (WAT), enlarged livers, and additional metabolic complications such as type 2 diabetes. However, studies on nanoparticle biodistribution and efficacy take place almost without exception in lean rodents with healthy metabolic states. In this work, I determined the biodistribution of model nanoparticles – neutral filomicelles and polystyrene spheres both carrying …
Effects Of Wider Step Width On Knee Biomechanics In Obese And Healthy-Weight Participants During Stair Ascent, Derek Scott Yocum
Effects Of Wider Step Width On Knee Biomechanics In Obese And Healthy-Weight Participants During Stair Ascent, Derek Scott Yocum
Masters Theses
An increased likelihood of developing obesity-related knee osteoarthritis may be associated with increased peak internal knee abduction moment. Increases in step width may act to reduce this moment. This study focused on how step width influenced the knee joint during stair ascent by healthy and obese participants. Participants ascended stairs while walking at their preferred speed and under one of two step width conditions – preferred and increased. Obese participants experienced greater mediolateral and vertical ground reaction forces (GRFs), as well as increased peak knee extensor moments and push-off peak internal knee adduction moments. The findings of this study indicate …
Obesity In Society: The Importance Of Perception, Michael Darnell Oliver Ii
Obesity In Society: The Importance Of Perception, Michael Darnell Oliver Ii
Masters Theses
In the current study, I examined the role of positive and negative media images of obese individuals on attitudes and physiological responding in relation to an actual discrimination incident. Various surveys were administered and Body Mass Index (BMI), salivary Alpha Amylase (sAA), and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) or Skin Conductance (SC) were measured. Participants read a vignette in which an obese individual was discriminated against and further questions were administered to assess attributional blame. My primary hypothesis in this study was that there would be a decrease in stigma due to positive priming, specifically stigma directed at the obese population. …
Brown And Beige Adipocytes: Effects Of Inflammation And Nutritional Intervention, Jiyoung Bae
Brown And Beige Adipocytes: Effects Of Inflammation And Nutritional Intervention, Jiyoung Bae
Doctoral Dissertations
Recent findings of brown adipocytes and brown-like or beige adipocytes, capable of dissipating energy as heat, in adult humans have promised new hope for obesity treatment and prevention. Understanding of the regulation of brown and beige adipocytes will provide novel strategies to reach the goal. Pattern recognition receptors (PRR) are responsible for inflammation in adipose tissue, which leads to adipose dysfunction and obesity associated chronic diseases. It has been shown that PRR activation induces inflammation, leading to insulin resistance in white adipocytes and white adipose tissue (WAT). However, the roles of PRR activation in brown adipocytes and brown adipose tissue …
Overweight And Obese Children's Social Interactions And Peer Responses, Meagan Johannah Green
Overweight And Obese Children's Social Interactions And Peer Responses, Meagan Johannah Green
Masters Theses
This study examined the nature of obese, overweight, and healthy weight children’s social interactions and experiences in a Head Start preschool classroom. Obese, overweight, and healthy weight children were observed during free interaction periods of the day (times when peers would serve as primary play partners). The children’s social interactions (including number of social bids, invitations, and their outcomes, social construction strategies, social roles) were observed and comparisons were made between twelve obese and overweight children and twenty six healthy weight peers. There were significant differences in the levels of overall assertiveness between the groups, with healthy weight children being …
Do Increases In Fruit Intake Lead To Substitutive Eating Patterns And Decreases In Overall Energy Intake In Normal Weight Adults?, Shireen Amanda Sobhani
Do Increases In Fruit Intake Lead To Substitutive Eating Patterns And Decreases In Overall Energy Intake In Normal Weight Adults?, Shireen Amanda Sobhani
Masters Theses
Background: It is suggested that increasing intake of fruits and vegetables may lead to decreased energy intake via substitution of higher energy-dense foods, such as snack foods (SF; i.e. candy, chips, cookies). This study investigated the impact of increasing fruit (F; grapes) intake, via increased portion size, on SF (potato chips) intake during a meal and whether increases in F intake affected total meal energy intake, via reducing SF intake (substitutive eating), in normal-weight adults. A secondary objective investigated whether the relative reinforcing value (RRV) of SF was a moderator of the substitutive relationship between F and SF.
Methods: Using …
Exploring Novel Environmental Link To Obesity: Role Of Parabens In Adipogenesis In Vitro And In Vivo, Pan Hu
Exploring Novel Environmental Link To Obesity: Role Of Parabens In Adipogenesis In Vitro And In Vivo, Pan Hu
Doctoral Dissertations
Parabens are a group of alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid that include methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, and benzylparaben. Paraben esters and their salts are widely used as preservatives in cosmetics, toiletries, food, and pharmaceuticals. Humans are exposed to parabens through the use of such products from dermal contact, ingestion, and inhalation. The extent of the exposure is reflected by the frequent detection of these compounds in urine samples in the general population. Moreover, parabens have been detected in human serum, milk, placental tissues and breast tumor tissues. Parabens have been shown to preserve estrogenic/antiandrogenic effects, and can activate peroxisome proliferator-activated …
The Impact Of Minimum Wage Rates On Obesity In The United States During The Great Recession, Benjamin C. Mallicoat
The Impact Of Minimum Wage Rates On Obesity In The United States During The Great Recession, Benjamin C. Mallicoat
Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects
No abstract provided.
Calcium And Leucine Modulation Of Airway Inflammation, Patricia Louise Brown
Calcium And Leucine Modulation Of Airway Inflammation, Patricia Louise Brown
Doctoral Dissertations
Over the past several decades the prevalence of obesity and asthma have increased in a parallel fashion. Recent studies reported a positive relationship between the two disorders that may in fact be causal. Although the link between obesity and asthma has become widely recognized, the underlying pathophysiological connection is not elucidated. Increased markers of inflammatory and oxidative stress are present in obesity and asthma suggesting the link is immunological. The systemic inflammation observed in obesity may potentially initiate adverse affects in the airways. Previous studies have shown that consumption of dairy foods (rich in calcium and leucine) suppress 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol) …
Social Support In An Internet-Based Weight Loss Intervention Among College Students, Yijia Zhang
Social Support In An Internet-Based Weight Loss Intervention Among College Students, Yijia Zhang
Masters Theses
Objective: To assess college students’ perceptions regarding online social support in an 8-week Internet-based weight loss intervention.
Participants: Participants were those randomized to the intervention group of an online weight loss intervention targeting overweight and obese college students.
Methods: Members of the intervention group had access to a private discussion forum and weekly live chat sessions, allowing for anonymous interactions. Following the 8-week intervention, intervention group members were invited to complete an online focus group, discussing these tools. The transcripts were directly copied from the live chat conversation history. Using thematic analysis, perceptions regarding online social support were identified, coded …
An Evaluation Of The Feasibility And Acceptability Of A Technology-Based Pilot Program To Reduce Overweight And Obesity Among College Students, Christine Sumie Sugimoto
An Evaluation Of The Feasibility And Acceptability Of A Technology-Based Pilot Program To Reduce Overweight And Obesity Among College Students, Christine Sumie Sugimoto
Masters Theses
Background: One-third of US undergraduate students are overweight or obese, and weight gain may occur during the college years. Thus, there is a need for weight loss interventions for college students. Innovative technology-based programs may be a promising strategy to promote weight loss. Weight management interventions incorporating technology have been implemented in US university settings, with varying degrees of success.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of a pilot technology-based weight loss program to reduce overweight and obesity among college students.
Methods: The pilot study investigated the effectiveness of a …
Effect Of A Leucine/Pyridoxine Nutraceutical On Energy Metabolism And Satiety In Lean And Obese Dogs, Maryanne Murphy
Effect Of A Leucine/Pyridoxine Nutraceutical On Energy Metabolism And Satiety In Lean And Obese Dogs, Maryanne Murphy
Doctoral Dissertations
Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder of pet dogs (prevalence of 23–59%). This 29-week study investigated a nutraceutical containing 1 g leucine and 13 mg pyridoxine designed to maintain lean muscle mass while decreasing adiposity when compared with positive and negative controls. After determining individual maintenance calorie requirements over 3 – 4 weeks, thirty-six healthy adult Beagles were divided into obesification, weight gain prevention, or maintain ideal body weight arms.
Obesity was induced and during a weight loss phase, excess calories were removed, and obesification dogs were given nutraceutical with CAD (ObN), placebo with CAD (ObP), or a therapeutic …
The Effects Of A High-Protein Diet On Obesity And Other Risk Factors Associated With Cardiovascular Disease, Daniel L. Phillips
The Effects Of A High-Protein Diet On Obesity And Other Risk Factors Associated With Cardiovascular Disease, Daniel L. Phillips
Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects
No abstract provided.
Soccer Participation And Youth Obesity In The United States, Lee Schober
Soccer Participation And Youth Obesity In The United States, Lee Schober
Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects
No abstract provided.
Elementary School Teachers’ Perceptions Of The Role Of Physical Activity In Schools, Amanda Millwood Harrison
Elementary School Teachers’ Perceptions Of The Role Of Physical Activity In Schools, Amanda Millwood Harrison
Masters Theses
The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine and describe elementary school teachers’ perceptions of physical activity among children in an urban, Title I, school in Tennessee. Twelve elementary teachers in Second and Third grade were interviewed using a semi-structured interview. The interview protocol was developed to guide participants from broader concepts regarding physical activity to more focused discussions on the use of physical activity during the school day.
Data presented examines the perceptions of teachers’ overall view of physical activity among children during school hours, the amount of physical activity children engaged in during school hours, the impact …
Angiotensinogen Gene Silencing Reduces Lipid Accumulation And Inflammation In Cultured 3t3-L1 Adipocytes, Wenting Xin Carroll
Angiotensinogen Gene Silencing Reduces Lipid Accumulation And Inflammation In Cultured 3t3-L1 Adipocytes, Wenting Xin Carroll
Masters Theses
Obesity is characterized by metabolic complications which are related to several life-threatening diseases. Dysregulated inflammatory adipokines secretion from adipose tissue is believed as the major contributor to obesity-associated local and systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and other metabolic dysfunctions.
Numerous studies in our lab and others pointed to the role of local adipose tissue renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the pathogenesis of obesity, inflammation and insulin resistance. We hypothesized that adipocytes-derived angiotensinogen (Agt) played a critical role in adipogenesis and/or lipogenesis as well as adipose inflammation. To test, we established 3T3-L1 preadipocytes stably transfected with Agt-shRNA or scrambled sequence (Sc-shRNA). Transfected preadipocytes …
Kids Can Bike! A Parks And Recreation Program To Promote Youth Cycling, Jessica Lynn Chandler
Kids Can Bike! A Parks And Recreation Program To Promote Youth Cycling, Jessica Lynn Chandler
Masters Theses
Physical inactivity is a major concern, and is believed to contribute to the high prevalence of childhood obesity in U.S. schoolchildren. To address this problem, the Knoxville Area Coalition on Childhood Obesity launched a ‘Kids Can BIKE!’ program in 2012. The bicycling program is seven weeks long and is designed to increase physical activity, teach safe cycling skills, and explore Knoxville parks and greenways while having fun. The program targeted children in grades 4 and 5 who were already enrolled in an afterschool or summer program. Once a week, the children were transported to a location where they could safely …
Exploring Nutrition In The Community: The Effects Of Nutrition Education, Andrew Brendan Harrison
Exploring Nutrition In The Community: The Effects Of Nutrition Education, Andrew Brendan Harrison
Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects
No abstract provided.
Genetic And Nutritional Studies To Elucidate The Role Of Adipose Tissue In The Pathogenesis Of Metabolic Syndrome, Nishan Sudheera Kalupahana
Genetic And Nutritional Studies To Elucidate The Role Of Adipose Tissue In The Pathogenesis Of Metabolic Syndrome, Nishan Sudheera Kalupahana
Doctoral Dissertations
Obesity is a major health problem in the United States and worldwide. It increases the risk for type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. A chronic low-grade inflammation occurring in white adipose tissue (WAT) is causally linked to the development of insulin resistance (IR), metabolic syndrome and obesity-associated chronic diseases. The aim of this dissertation research was to elucidate the WAT function in metabolic syndrome using genetic (overexpression of an adipose pro-inflammatory hormone, angiotensinogen) and nutritional manipulations/approaches (caloric restriction and omega-3 fatty acids), with specific emphasis on the role of inflammation.
Previous research indicates that WAT renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is overactivated in …
The Association Of Genotype, And The Gene-Physical Activity Interaction Effect On Aerobic Fitness In Prepubertal, African American, Obese Children, Jennifer Irene Flynn
The Association Of Genotype, And The Gene-Physical Activity Interaction Effect On Aerobic Fitness In Prepubertal, African American, Obese Children, Jennifer Irene Flynn
Masters Theses
Purpose: To determine the association of certain aerobic fitness and physical activity genotypes and the gene-physical activity interaction effect on aerobic fitness in pre-pubertal, African American, obese children. Methods: Subjects were 30 pre-pubertal, African American, obese children (9.5 ± 1.7 years) who were free of clinical disease. Height and weight were measured according to standard procedures. Body fat was assessed using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and DNA samples were collected using buccal swabs. Aerobic fitness was assessed using a cycle ergometer and the McMaster cycle protocol. ANOVAs were used to determine associations and interaction effects of the ACE, ADRB2, NOS3, …
A Healthy Community In Burlington Neighborhood, Maudy Indriani Budipradigdo
A Healthy Community In Burlington Neighborhood, Maudy Indriani Budipradigdo
Masters Theses
Studies have shown that the rising rate of adverse physical, social and mental conditions are tightly related to a lack of physical activity, poor eating habits, and the lack of social interaction. Unlike health problems centuries ago which were often caused by lethal diseases, the contemporary health problems in the United States relate to peoples' lifestyles and built environments. Vehicle-oriented community design has caused limited physical activity and unhealthful eating habits that increase obesity and other related health problems. Modern built environments often unintentionally discourage social interactions and present unintended obstacles to physical activities which causes social and mental health …
Greenway Design And Planning For Healthy Communities: Case Study Of Knoxville, Yilin Shi
Greenway Design And Planning For Healthy Communities: Case Study Of Knoxville, Yilin Shi
Masters Theses
Abstract
Greenway design and planning have become a multi-functional, multi-objective approach to address social, cultural and ecological concerns. Traditional greenway design and planning have focused more on ecological, historic and recreational values. However, the current focus of greenway planning is also shifting to community health, which includes both physical health and emotional health. This thesis focuses on physical health. This concern arises out of observations on obesity and physical inactivity as two of the most serious health problems in the United States which greatly threaten the quality of life in the country. Greenways can help address the issues of obesity …
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Methods To Reduce Atherosclerosis In The Obese Minipig, Mary E. Hall
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Methods To Reduce Atherosclerosis In The Obese Minipig, Mary E. Hall
Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects
No abstract provided.
The Effects Of Bisphenol A On Adipose Tissue Development, Metabolism, And Endocrine Function And The Role It May Play In The Development Of Obesity, Brantley Nelson Wyatt
The Effects Of Bisphenol A On Adipose Tissue Development, Metabolism, And Endocrine Function And The Role It May Play In The Development Of Obesity, Brantley Nelson Wyatt
Masters Theses
While diet and sedentary lifestyle remain important factors in the development of obesity, recent findings have shown the possible involvement of environmental obesogens, chemicals that can disrupt homeostatic energy balance and increase adiposity. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a compound used in the manufacturing of plastics as a hardening agent and is ubiquitous in the environment due to its widespread use. BPA has been shown to be an endocrine disruptor through its ability to mimic estrogen, which is now known to play important roles in adipose tissue growth and metabolism. In fact, a small but compelling number of studies have shown …
Effect Of Alpha-Linolenic Acid On Global Fatty Oxidation In Adipocytes And Skeletal Muscle Cells, Bogdan A. Manole
Effect Of Alpha-Linolenic Acid On Global Fatty Oxidation In Adipocytes And Skeletal Muscle Cells, Bogdan A. Manole
Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects
No abstract provided.