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Exercise As A Treatment For Cognitive Decline In Older Adults: The Role Of Growth Factors And Inflammatory Cytokines, Joshua A. Titus
Exercise As A Treatment For Cognitive Decline In Older Adults: The Role Of Growth Factors And Inflammatory Cytokines, Joshua A. Titus
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the effects that exercise modalities have on neurotrophic and inflammatory blood markers and cognitive outcomes in older adults. A systematic review and meta-analysis were completed. The included studies illustrated that most of the literature evaluated the effect of aerobic exercise interventions on systemic concentrations of the blood marker brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The review found that aerobic exercise increases BDNF and resistance training increases insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Interventions with sex-specific cohorts presented advantages in males for blood marker and cognitive outcomes compared to females. One of three included interventions decreased …
Examining The Effects Of A Weight Stigma Induction On Psychological Stress And Exercise Outcomes, Isabella J. Randall
Examining The Effects Of A Weight Stigma Induction On Psychological Stress And Exercise Outcomes, Isabella J. Randall
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Weight stigma is highly prevalent as a motivational tool in exercise contexts. However, weight stigma experienced in this domain may contribute to lowered exercise engagement, particularly among higher-weight women. This thesis examined the effects of a weight stigma induction on psychological stress, intentions to exercise (ITE), and exercise behaviours. Higher-weight women (N = 170, Mage = 57.2) were randomly assigned to read a fictional news article (weight-stigmatizing vs neutral condition), and completed acute measures of psychological stress, ITE, and exercise behaviours 7-days later. Participants who were exposed to the stigmatizing content reported a significant increase in stress and …
Sexual Dimorphism In Response To Repetitive Bouts Of Acute Exercise In Rodents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Jordan C. Larocque
Sexual Dimorphism In Response To Repetitive Bouts Of Acute Exercise In Rodents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Jordan C. Larocque
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The purpose of this study was to examine sex-specific differences in the blood glucose (BG) response to recurrent aerobic exercise in type 1 diabetes. Specifically, we examined the role of peak estrogen (E2) concentrations during proestrus on BG response to prolonged aerobic exercise. To do so, nineteen Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to four exercised groups: control female (CXF; n = 5), control male (CXM; n = 5), diabetic female (DXF, n = 5) and diabetic male (DXM, n = 4). Diabetes was induced in DX groups via subcutaneous injection of low dose streptozotocin. After four days of exercise, liver glycogen …
The Effects Of Exercise Training Versus Intensive Insulin Treatment On Skeletal Muscle Fibre Content In Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Rodents, David P. Mcbey
The Effects Of Exercise Training Versus Intensive Insulin Treatment On Skeletal Muscle Fibre Content In Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Rodents, David P. Mcbey
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
In patients with Type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) undergoing intensive insulin therapy, the development of insulin resistance (IR) is linked to the improper storage of intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) species. While both IR and IMCL are improved with combined aerobic and resistance training, it is unclear how these adaptations relate to individual fibre-type transitions and metabolic function. This study aimed to compare the effects of combined exercise training versus conventional and intensive insulin therapy on skeletal muscle fibres in T1DM rodents. Seventeen Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups: Control-Sedentary (CS; n=4), conventionally-treated T1DM sedentary (DCT; n=4), intensively-treated T1DM sedentary (DIT; n=5) …
Nitrate Supplementation Does Not Alter The V̇O2p Sc-Muscle Fatigue Relationship In Recreationally Active Men, James Joseph George Vanhie
Nitrate Supplementation Does Not Alter The V̇O2p Sc-Muscle Fatigue Relationship In Recreationally Active Men, James Joseph George Vanhie
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The current study assessed alterations to the linear V̇O2p slow component (V̇O2p SC)-muscle fatigue development relationship using dietary nitrate (NO3- ) supplementation during very heavy (VH)-intensity constant-work rate cycling exercise. Using a double- blind, block-randomised, crossover design, 8 healthy men (age, 24±2 yr [mean±SD]; V̇O2p-max, 43.8±6.0 mL/kg/min) consumed NO3- -rich (BRJ) or -depleted (PLAC) beetroot juice daily for 20 d. Participants completed pre/post-condition incremental leg cycling V̇O2p-max and 3-min “sprint” verification exercises. An initial 5 d loading phase was followed, on alternate days, by single trials of VH- or moderate-intensity …
Nutrition And Exercise Interventions During Pregnancy: How Important Is Adherence?, Taniya S. Nagpal
Nutrition And Exercise Interventions During Pregnancy: How Important Is Adherence?, Taniya S. Nagpal
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Lifestyle interventions (nutrition and exercise) offered during pregnancy may prevent excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) and improve pregnancy outcomes. The efficacy of previous interventions has been inconsistent as some studies ‘successfully’ achieve their health outcome goals while others have had a null effect. A common limitation reported among ‘unsuccessful’ studies is low adherence. The objective of this dissertation was to execute three independent yet interrelated studies to determine if adherence is a key factor in determining the success of a lifestyle intervention during pregnancy. Study 1 compared adherence to ‘successful’ and ‘unsuccessful’ lifestyle interventions during pregnancy using a systematic review. …
Insulin Resistance And T1d: The Effect Of Exercise On Skeletal Muscle Lipid Metabolism, Michelle Dotzert
Insulin Resistance And T1d: The Effect Of Exercise On Skeletal Muscle Lipid Metabolism, Michelle Dotzert
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Insulin resistance is a characteristic of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome, and until recently has not been considered in the context of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). A new classification, Double Diabetes, encompasses the presence of insulin resistance in T1D. Unfortunately, these individuals are at significantly higher risk of cardiovascular complications than those with T1D alone. In T2D, abnormal skeletal muscle lipid metabolism and the accumulation of insulin desensitizing lipid metabolites contribute the development of insulin resistance. There is some evidence to suggest this occurs in the context of T1D as well. Exercise training is an effective means to …
The Effect Of Insulin Treatment And Exercise Modality On Skeletal Muscle Fiber Size In Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetic Rats, John Z. Nickels
The Effect Of Insulin Treatment And Exercise Modality On Skeletal Muscle Fiber Size In Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetic Rats, John Z. Nickels
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Severe Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is known to have several negative effects on skeletal muscle mass, a condition known as diabetic myopathy. One of these effects is the atrophy of the glycolytic muscle fibers. However, the role of intensity of insulin treatment and exercise modality in attenuating this loss in fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) specifically has yet to be determined. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of 12 weeks of differing intensity of insulin therapy and exercise modality on the CSA of plantaris muscle fibers, identified by myosin heavy chain (MHC) of STZ-induced T1DM rats. …
Relationships Among Self-Efficacy, Implicit Associations, Motives And Exercise Behaviour, Alison Divine
Relationships Among Self-Efficacy, Implicit Associations, Motives And Exercise Behaviour, Alison Divine
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The general purpose of this dissertation was to examine how self-efficacy, explicit exercise motives and implicit automatic associations with exercise influence exercise behaviour of sedentary adults. This dissertation is divided into three manuscripts. The first manuscript examined how self-selection influences the decision to enrol in an exercise program as well as in self-efficacy, explicit motives and implicit associations. Additionally, manuscript one sought to understand the role of self-selection bias in the adoption and maintenance of exercise over six months. A total of 290 inactive adults aged 35-65 completed the Multidimensional Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale (MSES; Rodgers, Wilson, Hall, Fraser, & …
The Effect Of A Combined Multiple-Modality Exercise Intervention On Sensorimotor Function In Community Dwelling Older Adults, With A Subjective Cognitive Complaint: The M4 Study (Multi-Modal; Mind Motor), Sam Titheridge
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Aging is associated with the increased onset of diseases such as cognitive impairment, and ultimately dementia. Participants, 55+ years, with a self-reported cognitive complaint completed a 6-month exercise intervention. They were randomized to either a multiple modality exercise program (M2), consisting of aerobic, stretching and balancing exercises or a multiple modality plus mind motor program (M4), whereby a square stepping exercise was incorporated. Participants were assessed for reaction time (RT), movement time (MT) and % errors at baseline and at 6-months using an eye tracking 1000 system. Participants performed prosaccades and antisaccades (AS). AS RT was significantly quicker from baseline …
The Effect Of A Multiple Modality Mind-Motor Exercise Intervention On Single And Dual-Task Gait, Balance, And Executive Function, In Community Dwelling Older Adults With A Subjective Cognitive Complaint: A Randomized Controlled Trial., John P. Bocti
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Cognitive decline disorders are becoming increasingly prevalent, with older adults at increased risk. Combined exercise has been recently explored as an intervention to help to prevent the decline, however cognitive activation in combination with physical activity has yet to be explored. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to determine the effects of multiple modality exercise programs in combination with a mind-motor task and their effects on mobility and cognitive variables. A total of (n=89) older adults (55+ yrs), with subjective cognitive complaints participated in a multiple modality exercise class, three days a week over six months, with the intervention …
The Effect Of Aerobic Exercise Training On Cerebrovascular Hsp70, Hsp90, Inos And Enos Expression In Type 1 Diabetes, Adwitia Dey
The Effect Of Aerobic Exercise Training On Cerebrovascular Hsp70, Hsp90, Inos And Enos Expression In Type 1 Diabetes, Adwitia Dey
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of exercise training alone and in a model of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), on Heat Shock Protein (HSP) and Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) expression in entorhinal adjacent large and small cerebral vessels. Thirty-two rats were randomly allocated to four groups: control sedentary (C), control exercised (CX), diabetic sedentary (D) and diabetic exercised (DX). Exercise training incorporated 5 days/week on a motorized treadmill (27m/min; 6 degree incline; 1 hour) for 10 weeks. Exercise trained groups had significantly greater Hsp70 expression than their respective non-trained groups (p<0.05) and this response was not blunted in T1DM animals. The inducible NOS (iNOS) expression was greater in diabetic sedentary when compared to all other groups (p<0.001). Co-localization of protein with smooth muscle cells illustrates that all HSP and NOS signal content is localized to the smooth muscle area (SMA).
Associations Between Heart Rate Variability And Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors, Melanie I. Stuckey
Associations Between Heart Rate Variability And Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors, Melanie I. Stuckey
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) – two major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive measure of cardiac autonomic regulation that predicts mortality and morbidity. Additionally, HRV is reduced in CVD, T2D and MetS. As such, HRV has potential to be a novel cardiometabolic risk factor to be included in clinical risk assessment. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis was to examine the relationships between MetS and HRV. A systematic review of cross-sectional studies examining relationships between HRV and MetS was …