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- Cellular signal transduction (4)
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- Apoptosis (2)
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- Mammary glands (2)
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- Morphogenesis (2)
- New York State (2)
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- Submandibular gland (2)
- Transcription factors (2)
- Vitamin D (2)
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Articles 1 - 30 of 30
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Vitamin D Regulates Metabolic Gene Expression, Glutamate And Glutamine Utilization, And Mitochondrial Function In Human Mammary Epithelial Cells, Sarah Beaudin
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Exposure to 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) decreases proliferation and induces differentiation in telomerase-immortalized human mammary epithelial (hTERT-HME1) cells. The studies described here addressed the mechanisms by which these effects are exerted. Microarray experiments were used to identify a subset of metabolic genes and pathways that are altered by 1,25D. In particular, genes involved in glutamate and glutamine utilization, including SLC1A1 and GLUL, were studied. Interestingly, qPCR analysis in a panel of six cell lines, representing either normal epithelial tissue or breast cancer, demonstrated diverse gene expression responses to 1,25D. In an isogenic model of mammary cell transformation, 1,25D altered gene expression …
Separating The Signal From The Noise In Electrocorticographic (Ecog) Signals : Novel Analytic Methods And Their Application To Experimental And Theoretical Neuroscience, William Grey Coon
Separating The Signal From The Noise In Electrocorticographic (Ecog) Signals : Novel Analytic Methods And Their Application To Experimental And Theoretical Neuroscience, William Grey Coon
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Measurements are comprised of two parts: signal, that is, the true quantity one wishes to measure, and noise, that is, measurement fluctuations that are unrelated to the true signal.
Role Of Antibody Isotypes In Providing Passive Protection Against Ricin Toxin, Ipneet Kaur Dhaliwal
Role Of Antibody Isotypes In Providing Passive Protection Against Ricin Toxin, Ipneet Kaur Dhaliwal
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Ricin toxin is a glycoprotein produced by the castor bean plant, Ricinus communis. Ricin is an extraordinarily potent inducer of cell death and inflammation, especially following inhalation. The toxin’s enzymatic subunit (RTA) is transported via retrograde transport into the cytoplasm of mammalian cells by the toxin’s B subunit (RTB). Once in the cytoplasm, RTA inactivates ribosomes through cleavage of ribosomal RNA. In this study, I characterized a ricin-specific monoclonal IgA antibody (mAb) known as 23D7. I confirmed that 23D7 reacts with RTA and is effective at neutralizing ricin in a Vero cell cytotoxicity assay in vitro. To localize the epitope …
Genome-Scale Analyses Of Transcription And Transcriptional Regulation In Bacteria, Devon Marie Fitzgerald
Genome-Scale Analyses Of Transcription And Transcriptional Regulation In Bacteria, Devon Marie Fitzgerald
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The textbook model of bacterial transcription regulation posits that promoters occur immediately upstream of genes and that transcription factors (TFs) modulate transcription through promoter-proximal binding. However, the recent application of unbiased genome-wide approaches, such as ChIP-seq and RNA-seq, has revealed a much more complex picture, including TF binding and transcription initiation occurring in unexpected locations. This dissertation describes the use of deep sequencing-based approaches to evaluate the genome-wide binding of transcription-related proteins and identify locations of transcription initiation. I have assessed the genome-wide binding of three Escherichia coli TFs and an alternative σ factor. Additionally, I have analyzed genome-wide patterns …
Francisella Tularensis Catalase Restricts Immune Function By Impairing Trpm2 Channel Activity, Nicole Lynn Flaherty
Francisella Tularensis Catalase Restricts Immune Function By Impairing Trpm2 Channel Activity, Nicole Lynn Flaherty
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
As an innate defense mechanism, macrophages produce reactive species that weaken pathogens and serve as secondary messengers to modify signaling responses involved in immune function. The gram-negative bacterium F. tularensis utilizes its antioxidant armature to limit the host immune response but the mechanism behind this suppression has not been defined. Here we establish that F. tularensis limits Ca2+ entry thereby limiting actin reorganization and IL-6 production in a redox-dependent fashion. Wild-type (LVS) or catalase deficient F. tularensis (∆katG) show distinct profiles in their H2O2 scavenging capacity, 1 pM/sec and 0.015 pM/sec, respectively. Murine alveolar macrophages infected with ∆katG display distinct …
Myoepithelial Cell Morphogenesis And Differentiation In The Mouse Submandibular Salivary Gland In Development And Disease, Elise Marie Gervais
Myoepithelial Cell Morphogenesis And Differentiation In The Mouse Submandibular Salivary Gland In Development And Disease, Elise Marie Gervais
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Organogenesis is the process by which tissues organize, gain considerable size, and undergo cellular differentiation or specialization to form fully functional organs. To study the processes involved in organogenesis of branched organs, the mouse submandibular salivary gland is frequently used as a model system, as it can undergo morphogenesis and differentiation and be genetically manipulated ex vivo. The mouse submandibular salivary gland undergoes a specific process of outgrowth and invagination known as branching morphogenesis which allows for the significant increase in gland size and complexity, as well as maximization of surface area for secretion of saliva. Surrounding the mouse submandibular …
Foraminiferal Beta 2-Tubulin And Microtubule To Helical Filament Transition In Reticulomyxa Filosa, Ingrid Ann Hahn
Foraminiferal Beta 2-Tubulin And Microtubule To Helical Filament Transition In Reticulomyxa Filosa, Ingrid Ann Hahn
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Foraminifera have unusually fast dynamic movements resulting in the reorganization of the microtubule cytoskeleton (Travis and Bowser, 1988; Travis et al., 1983). We are interested in using Reticulomyxa filosa as a model to investigate the mechanisms and factors that regulate such fast microtubule assembly/disassembly rates (Chen and Schliwa 1990; Travis and Bowser, 1991; Welnhofer and Travis, 1996). Compared to conventional microtubule assembly and disassembly models, foraminifera tubulin can exist in another assembly state termed helical filaments. A novel form of tubulin, β2, in foraminifera is likely critical to these unusual microtubule properties. This thesis investigates Reticulomyxa filosa, a freshwater foraminifera …
Characterization Of R-Plasmid Dependent Single-Stranded Rna Phages : Interactions Of Phage Hgal1 With Five Enterobacteriaceae Species, Sherin Kannoly
Characterization Of R-Plasmid Dependent Single-Stranded Rna Phages : Interactions Of Phage Hgal1 With Five Enterobacteriaceae Species, Sherin Kannoly
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Viruses in general have a narrow host range, usually infecting a single or very closely related host species. Recently, emerging diseases in human populations have been increasingly attributed to host range expansion in animal viruses. Many studies have investigated host range expansion in model systems involving animal viruses and potential hosts. My study describes the development of a model system that uses a single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) phage and five Enterobacteriaceae species. The study involved: I) Characterization of two ssRNA phages, Hgal1 and C-1, and assessing their abilities to infect multiple hosts, II) Developing and characterizing a model system involving an …
Study Of Human Ovarian Follicular Fluid High Density Lipoprotein (Hdl) And Embryo Quality During In Vitro Fertilization (Ivf), Keewan Kim
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Follicular fluid (FF) is in direct contact with granulosa cells that surround a developing oocyte, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) is the sole lipoprotein found in FF. Therefore, we investigated 41 FF HDL particle components, including 26 HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) subfractions measured for particle size, apolipoproteins, enzymes, and lipophilic micronutrients, in association with embryo quality on 180 women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF).
The Effects Of Landscape On Malaria Vectors Of The Neotropics, William David Lainhart
The Effects Of Landscape On Malaria Vectors Of The Neotropics, William David Lainhart
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Worldwide malaria control efforts have had varying degrees of success, leaving many countries either eliminating malaria or controlling malaria. In order to maintain forward momentum toward malaria elimination, malaria-eliminating and –controlling countries require different information regarding risk factors, spatial distributions of cases and vectors, vector biology metrics, and vector population genetics. The goal of this dissertation work was to provide information that addresses the knowledge gaps preventing the creation of effective vector and malaria control programs in one malaria-eliminating country (Panama) and two malaria-controlling countries (Peru and Brazil). Case data from Panama were analyzed to assess differences in risk factors …
Human Feeding Biomechanics : Intraspecific Variation And Evolution, Justin Ledogar
Human Feeding Biomechanics : Intraspecific Variation And Evolution, Justin Ledogar
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This study examines feeding biomechanics in modern human crania and those of extinct early members of the human lineage in order to better understand the selective pressures that influenced human craniofacial evolution. Specifically, this study uses finite element analysis to examine: 1) human feeding performance, in terms bite force production and craniofacial strength; 2) intraspecific variation in human feeding biomechanics; 3) feeding biomechanics in fossil hominins, including Australopithecus sediba and Homo habilis, species that are potentially at the root of modern human lineage, and 4) the functional role of purported facial buttresses.
Novel Nmr Based Technologies To Study Macromolecular Structures, Subhabrata Majumder
Novel Nmr Based Technologies To Study Macromolecular Structures, Subhabrata Majumder
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) is one of the principle tools in structural biology to probe macromolecular structures and interactions. The atomic resolution afforded by this technique has been widely used to probe protein-protein, and protein-ligand interactions in-vitro. However, the natural milieu of the proteins is the living cell and the cellular cytoplasm is extremely heterogeneous. The NMR studies of folded protein in-cell, till now, have been limited by non-specific interactions of the cytosol. This thesis outlays a general methodology to study protein structure/interactions inside the living cells using NMR. In a closely related objective, it also describes the use …
Using A Novel Multiplexing Method To Track Cell Populations And Cytodifferentiation During Development Of The Submandibular Salivary Gland, Charles Thomas Manhardt
Using A Novel Multiplexing Method To Track Cell Populations And Cytodifferentiation During Development Of The Submandibular Salivary Gland, Charles Thomas Manhardt
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The development of submandibular salivary glands is complex and requires coordination of specific signaling events. Submandibular salivary glands originate as an epithelial invagination into the adjacent mesenchyme that leads to a single stalk and end bud; this end bud will go through a clefting process. Numerous rounds of clefting will lead to a fully developed salivary gland by this process, which is known as branching morphogenesis. As the gland undergoes morphogenesis, specific cues leading to differentiation of multiple cell types and even epithelial sub classes are required. By the later stages of development the glands are fully innervated, have an …
Vitamin D Signaling And The Impact On Mouse Mammary Gland Epithelium, Donald Grant Matthews
Vitamin D Signaling And The Impact On Mouse Mammary Gland Epithelium, Donald Grant Matthews
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
A strong correlation between vitamin D deficiency and increased breast cancer incidence and mortality has been well established, leading researchers to further examine the possibility of using vitamin D in treatment and prevention strategies. Our long term goal is to elucidate the mechanisms by which vitamin D pathway signaling impacts on breast cancer. Generation of the high-affinity vitamin D receptor (VDR) ligand 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-D) from 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-D) is mediated by CYP27B1 which is present and developmentally regulated in multiple tissues including the mammary gland. We utilized transgenic mouse models combined with diet-induced vitamin D deficiency to determine whether …
Analysis Of Strategies For Successful Identification, Reporting, And Prevention Of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (Cre) In Acute Health Care Facilities In New York State, Christen Leigh Mayer
Analysis Of Strategies For Successful Identification, Reporting, And Prevention Of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (Cre) In Acute Health Care Facilities In New York State, Christen Leigh Mayer
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Background
Landowner Knowledge And Opinions Of Invasive Species And Their Management Surrounding A Suburban Nature Preserve, Christina Mclaughlin
Landowner Knowledge And Opinions Of Invasive Species And Their Management Surrounding A Suburban Nature Preserve, Christina Mclaughlin
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Invasive species are a growing human-caused threat to biodiversity around the globe as they are moved both accidentally and intentionally through trade routes. The human component of conservation management is especially critical in invasive species, as human awareness is key to preventing and rapidly responding to new introductions. Yet the social component of management is poorly studied, even as outreach efforts continue to grow in an effort to gain public support. This study attempts to understand public knowledge and opinions toward invasive species and their management through an online survey of neighboring landowners to a suburban nature preserve, the Albany …
A Retrospective Evaluation Of The Locally Grown Produce Initiative Of New York State's Hunger Prevention And Nutrition Assistance Program, Marie Allsopp
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The Hunger Prevention and Nutrition Assistance Program (HPNAP) is administered by the Bureau of Nutrition Risk Reduction in the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH). This program provides state funds to food banks, the United Way of New York City and other organizations within the emergency food network. Those organizations use HPNAP dollars to fund food and other resources for food pantries, soup kitchens and emergency shelters. In 2012, HPNAP received a one-time $2 million funding allocation for a Locally Grown Produce Initiative. This one-time stimulus to increase the proportion of state-grown fresh produce in emergency food relief services …
Rna Aptamers For Molecular Chaperones Hsp27 And Hsp90, Sathishkumar Kumar Munusamy
Rna Aptamers For Molecular Chaperones Hsp27 And Hsp90, Sathishkumar Kumar Munusamy
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Hsp90 and Hsp27 are members of the heat shock protein family of chaperones that perform multiple roles in cellular maintenance through protein folding and inhibition of apoptosis. They are abundantly expressed in cells and are over-expressed during conditions of stress. Hsp90 requires ATP for its chaperone function while Hsp27 self-associates into higher order oligomers enclosing its substrate. Their ability to interact with other proteins or with themselves lies at the heart of their mechanisms. The specific consequences of each of their interactions on global cellular health have not yet been fully discovered. The sheer diversity of proteins that interact with …
Impacts Of Climate, Geography And White-Nose Syndrome Mortality On The Population Genetic Structure And Variation Of Myotis Lucifugus In The Eastern United States, Shannon Marie Dodge Morgan
Impacts Of Climate, Geography And White-Nose Syndrome Mortality On The Population Genetic Structure And Variation Of Myotis Lucifugus In The Eastern United States, Shannon Marie Dodge Morgan
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
A myriad of biotic and abiotic factors contribute to the fluctuations in geographic range and size of animal populations. In the Nearctic, bat species have experienced drastic historic changes in available habitat due to Pleistocene glaciations, and are recently imperiled by the introduction of a novel fungal pathogen, Pseudogymnoascus destructans within the last decade. Myotis lucifugus in particular has lost 90-95% of the population in the eastern US due to the fungal disease White-Nose Syndrome (WNS). A population decline of this magnitude will likely result in a loss of allelic diversity as a result of a genetic bottleneck. My study …
Understanding Transcriptional Enhancement In Monoclonal Antibody-Producing Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells, Sarah E. Nicoletti
Understanding Transcriptional Enhancement In Monoclonal Antibody-Producing Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells, Sarah E. Nicoletti
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
With the demand for monoclonal antibody (mAB) therapeutics continually increasing, the need to better understand what makes a high productivity clone has gained substantial interest. Monoclonal antibody producing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with different productivities were provided by a biopharmaceutical company for investigation. Gene copy numbers, mRNA levels, and mAb productivities were previously determined for two low producing clones and their amplified progeny. These results showed an increase in mRNA copy number in amplified clones, which correlated to the observed increases in specific productivity of these clones. The presence of multiple copies of mRNA per one copy of DNA …
When Is Hacking Ethical?, Sharif Rezazadehsaber
When Is Hacking Ethical?, Sharif Rezazadehsaber
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This thesis examines situations in which computer hacking might be considered ethical. It addresses fundamental questions regarding the motivation and consequences of ethical hacking. The paper is organized into three sections. The first section discusses the history of hackers, classifies them according to their motivational background. The second part of the paper comprehensively describes the features of the ethical or “white hat” hacker group, and explores the positive and negative behaviors of ethical hackers in relation to their ethical principles. In the final section of the paper, I discuss hacktivist groups, their unique ideologies, and the risks they face, including …
Characterization Of Metallic And Semimetallic Oxide Nanoparticles In Industrial Wastewater And Associated Toxicity, Gary Roth
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) play an increasing role in manufacturing and consumer products. Currently, there is no standard approach to studying ENM toxicity, and a growing body of literature suggests that ENMs may have toxicity differing from similar compounds in bulk or dissolved form. I examined ENMs used in the semiconductor manufacturing process called chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP) for their properties, removal in the wastewater treatment system (WWT), in-vitro toxicity, and location post-inhalation in-vivo. It was found that ENMs in CMP slurries have morphology determined by their elemental composition, but assessment of size and concentration can differ substantially between accepted techniques. Particles …
A Genetic Epidemiologic Investigation Of Breast Cancer Susceptibility, Cristy Ellen Stagnar
A Genetic Epidemiologic Investigation Of Breast Cancer Susceptibility, Cristy Ellen Stagnar
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Introduction
Evolution Of Viral Host Recognition Through Multiple Pathways, Sara Stark
Evolution Of Viral Host Recognition Through Multiple Pathways, Sara Stark
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Most viruses are specialists and have a narrow host range, infecting only a single species or host strain. However, many of the viruses currently responsible for causing emerging infectious diseases are generalists and able to infect a wider host range. Viruses that are able to infect multiple hosts are more likely to continue expanding their host range and infecting additional species. The ability to infect a novel host is a complex process. The first step required to acquire the ability to infect a novel host is host recognition; the host recognition binding protein on the virus must be able to …
Rna Aptamer Mediated Manipulation Of The 70 Kilodalton Heat Shock Protein Chaperone Machinery, Deepak Thirunavukarasu
Rna Aptamer Mediated Manipulation Of The 70 Kilodalton Heat Shock Protein Chaperone Machinery, Deepak Thirunavukarasu
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Protein quality control involves refolding of damaged proteins and facilitating degradation of irreparable proteins. Understanding the protein quality control mechanism is critical, since defects in it has been implicated in a number of age-related diseases like neurodegenerative diseases and also in cancer. A vast network of molecular chaperones and proteolytic systems collaborate to maintain protein quality control. The 70 kilodalton Heat shock protein (Hsp70) is a highly conserved and ubiquitous chaperone, which interacts with a variety of protein substrates including newly synthesized polypeptides, unfolded, partially misfolded and native proteins to maintain protein quality control. Hsp70 chaperone function is coupled to …
Brown Adipogenesis Of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells In Alginate Microstrands, Andrea Mannarino Unser
Brown Adipogenesis Of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells In Alginate Microstrands, Andrea Mannarino Unser
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The ability of brown adipocytes (fat cells) to dissipate energy as heat shows great promise for the treatment of obesity and other metabolic disorders. Employing pluripotent stem cells, with an emphasis on directed differentiation, may overcome many issues currently associated with primary fat cell cultures. However, brown adipocytes are difficult to transplant in vivo due to the instability of fat, in terms of necrosis and neovascularization, once injected. Thus, 3D cell culture systems that have the potential to mimic adipogenic microenvironments are needed, not only to advance brown fat implantation, but also to better understand the role of brown adipocytes …
A Novel Method For Studying Gene Regulatory Elements In Vivo Reveals Essential Roles For Intron Splicing In Neurofilament Gene Expression, Chen Wang
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Axon outgrowth requires coordinated expression of critical cytoskeletal genes in response to extracellular cues. The spatial and temporal expression of these genes is regulated transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally. Such regulation is largely mediated through the activity of cis-regulatory elements within the cytoskeletal DNAs and RNAs, which recruit specific sets of trans-factors such as DNA- and RNA-binding proteins, as well as microRNAs. To identify the functionally active cis-elements, characterize their dynamically changing sets of trans-factors, and investigate the association between the two sets of regulators in the context of an intact developing nervous system, one needs to combine appropriate in vivo strategies …
An Investigation Of Alkaline Earth And Rare Earth Elements In Human Bone Following Long-Term Parenteral Nutrition, Aubrey L. Galusha
An Investigation Of Alkaline Earth And Rare Earth Elements In Human Bone Following Long-Term Parenteral Nutrition, Aubrey L. Galusha
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This investigation focused on a unique collection of archived human bones obtained post-mortem from 7 patients, who had received long-term parenteral nutrition (PN) for up to 21 years. Parenterals are administered intravenously as a nutritional supplement, and may be contaminated with metals, which are completely absorbed into the blood compartment. Some metal contaminants may be deposited in the body’s reservoir for inorganic elements – bone.
The Structural Heterogeneity And Dynamics Of Base Stacking And Unstacking In Nucleic Acids, Ada Anna Sedova
The Structural Heterogeneity And Dynamics Of Base Stacking And Unstacking In Nucleic Acids, Ada Anna Sedova
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Base stacking provides stability to nucleic acid duplexes, and base unstacking is involved in numerous biological functions related to nucleic acids, including replication, repair, transcription, and translation. The patterns of base stacking and unstacking in available nucleic acid crystal structures were classified after separation into their individual single strand dinucleotide components and clustering using a k-means-based ensemble clustering method. The A- and B-form proximity of these dinucleotide structures were assessed to discover that RNA dinucleotides can approach B-form-like structures. Umbrella sampling molecular dynamics simulations were used to obtain the potential of mean force profiles for base unstacking at 5'-termini for …
Structure And Stability Of Amyloid Fibrils Studied By Advanced Vibrational Spectroscopy, Marudachalam Shanmugasundaram
Structure And Stability Of Amyloid Fibrils Studied By Advanced Vibrational Spectroscopy, Marudachalam Shanmugasundaram
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Protein misfolding often leads to the formation of refractory protein aggregates like amyloid fibrils. These fibrils possess a highly ordered structure and are implicated in over 25 severe diseases including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and prion diseases. This work was focused on understanding the morphology and conformation of amyloid fibrils and their stability after formation. The deconstruction of fibrils as well as other aggregates like inclusion bodies under mild conditions was also investigated using Archaeal chaperones.