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Trace Metal Limitation And Its Role In Oxidative Stress Of Coral Algal Symbionts; Implications For Thermally Induced Coral Bleaching Events., Katrina Lynn Iglic
Trace Metal Limitation And Its Role In Oxidative Stress Of Coral Algal Symbionts; Implications For Thermally Induced Coral Bleaching Events., Katrina Lynn Iglic
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Coral bleaching, the process in which corals expel their photosynthetic symbionts (Genus Symbiodinium), is caused by high temperature and irradiance stress. The synergistic effect of each stressor is the generation of damaging reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), which are normally mitigated physiologically by antioxidant enzyme activity. Antioxidant enzymes require iron, copper, manganese and zinc in their structure and the limited nature of these trace metals in reef environments may enhance ROS production under elevated temperature and irradiance. The hypothesis tested within this thesis was that a limited availability of the trace metals Fe, Mn, Cu and …
The Role Of Protein Kinase C Epsilon In Hydrogen Peroxide And Nitric Oxide Release During Oxidative Stress Caused By Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy, Edward S. Iames
The Role Of Protein Kinase C Epsilon In Hydrogen Peroxide And Nitric Oxide Release During Oxidative Stress Caused By Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy, Edward S. Iames
PCOM Biomedical Studies Student Scholarship
Clinical extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) treatment to ablate kidney stones can cause acute damage to the renal microvasculature. Accumulation of continued treatment with shockwave therapy can lead to chronic damage to the kidney, and lead to clinical hypertension. Shockwaves have been shown to stimulate endothelial cells to release superoxide (SO), which is converted to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and reacts with nitric oxide (NO) to produce peroxynitrite anion (OONO-), creating a powerful oxidant that increases oxidative stress while simultaneously reducing NO bioavailability. Increased oxidative stress during events such as ESWL, also uncouples NO production …
The ‘Helper’ Phenotype: A Symbiotic Interaction Between Prochlorococcus And Hydrogen Peroxide Scavenging Microorganisms, James Jeffrey Morris
The ‘Helper’ Phenotype: A Symbiotic Interaction Between Prochlorococcus And Hydrogen Peroxide Scavenging Microorganisms, James Jeffrey Morris
Doctoral Dissertations
The unicellular cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus is the numerically dominant photosynthetic organism throughout the temperate and tropical open oceans, but it is difficult to grow in pure cultures. We developed a system for rendering spontaneous streptomycin-resistant mutants of Prochlorococcus axenic by diluting them to extinction in the presence of “helper” heterotrophic bacteria, allowing them to grow to high cell concentrations, and then killing the helpers with streptomycin. Using axenic strains obtained in this fashion, we demonstrated that Prochlorococcus experiences a number of growth defects in dilute axenic culture, including reduced growth rate, inability to form colonies on solid media, and higher incidence …
Atm Signaling To Tsc2: Mechanisms And Implications For Cancer Therapy, Angela Alexander
Atm Signaling To Tsc2: Mechanisms And Implications For Cancer Therapy, Angela Alexander
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a critical component of the cellular response to DNA damage, where it acts as a damage sensor, and signals to a large network of proteins which execute the important tasks involved in responding to the damage, namely inducing cell cycle checkpoints, inducing DNA repair, modulating transcriptional responses, and regulating cell death pathways if the damage cannot be repaired faithfully. We have now discovered that an additional novel component of this ATM-dependent damage response involves induction of autophagy in response to oxidative stress. In contrast to DNA damage-induced ATM activation however, oxidative stress induced ATM, occurs …
Vascular Katp Channel Modulation By S-Glutathionylation: A Novel Mechanism For Cellular Response To Oxidative Stress, Yang Yang
Biology Dissertations
The KATP channels play an important role in the membrane excitability and vascular tone regulation. Previous studies indicate that the function of KATP channels is disrupted in oxidative stress seen in a variety of cardiovascular diseases, while the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate S-glutathionylation to be a modulation mechanism underlying the oxidant-mediated vascular KATP channel inhibition, the molecular basis for the channel inhibition and the alleviation of the channel inhibition by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). We found that an exposure of isolated mesenteric rings to H2O2 impaired the KATP channel-mediated vascular …
Study Of Cellular Activities In Response To Metal-Induced Apoptosis In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Using Ftir, Rupa Koduru
Study Of Cellular Activities In Response To Metal-Induced Apoptosis In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Using Ftir, Rupa Koduru
Biology Theses
Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibits an apoptotic response upon exposure to toxic metals such as cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu). Preliminary findings indicate that this response is dependent –to some extent- on the presence of a fermentable carbon source, glucose. To investigate this dependency we monitored the apoptotic response to both metals in the presence and absence of glucose and have shown that glucose is absolutely necessary in order to induce apoptosis in yeast at least during the exposure to metal. We have also looked at the biochemical changes that are taking place in yeast when treated with Cd using Fourier Transform …
Secreted Factors From Human Umbilical Cord Blood Cells Protect Oligodendrocytes From Ischemic Insult, Derrick Rowe
Secreted Factors From Human Umbilical Cord Blood Cells Protect Oligodendrocytes From Ischemic Insult, Derrick Rowe
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Oligodendrocytes (OL)s are the dominant cell type in the white matter and are integral for synaptic transmission essential for proper neuronal communication between brain areas. Previous studies have shown that intravenous administration of the mononuclear fraction of human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) cells in rat models of stroke reduced white matter injury, gray matter injury and behavioral deficits. Yet the mechanisms used by HUCB cells remain unknown in ischemic injury. These studies will investigate both in vitro and in vivo approaches to elucidate this mechanism in OLs. When mature primary OLs were coincubated with HUCB cells, HUCB cells secreted soluble …
Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Of Differentially Expressed Proteins In Aβ(17-42) Treated Synaptosomes, Jaffer Mohammed
Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Of Differentially Expressed Proteins In Aβ(17-42) Treated Synaptosomes, Jaffer Mohammed
Online Theses and Dissertations
Oxidative stress has been associated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, ischemia, and cancer. The brain is susceptible to oxidative stress due to its high content of peroxidizable unsaturated fatty acids, high consumption of oxygen per unit weight, high levels of free radicals, and comparatively low levels of antioxidant defense systems. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) can react with biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, DNA, and RNA, which can lead to oxidative damage, cellular dysfunction, and can ultimately cause cell death. Down syndrome (DS) is the most common form of chromosomal …