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Gold Nanoparticle Interactions And Impact Upon A Common Biofilm Source: Legionella Pneumophila , Amber Stojak
Gold Nanoparticle Interactions And Impact Upon A Common Biofilm Source: Legionella Pneumophila , Amber Stojak
All Theses
There exists widespread concern of pathogenic bacteria colonizing and establishing biofilms in water systems providing a direct exposure route to the public. Legionella are widely distributed in human-made and natural environments, and colonization lends the potential to infect human hosts that may lead to the development of Legionnaire's Disease. Silver has been used in cooling towers and water filtration systems for removal of planktonic bacteria and biofilms; however permanent removal of L. pneumophila biofilms with metal ions is impossible when established biofilms are in hard to access places such as dead end piping or inside a protozoan host. Bulk metals …
The Effect Of Moderate Exercise On Folliculogenesis, Cortisol, Estradiol And Luteinizing Hormone In Mares, Dale Kelley
The Effect Of Moderate Exercise On Folliculogenesis, Cortisol, Estradiol And Luteinizing Hormone In Mares, Dale Kelley
All Theses
Assisted reproductive technologies allow mares to remain in training and produce offspring; however, limited data regarding the impact of exercise on folliculogenesis exists. Mares in training are reported to have reduced embryo recovery rates and ovulated smaller follicles. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the effect of exercise on folliculogenesis using ultrasound technology. Additionally, cortisol, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol concentrations in mares were evaluated. The exercise period was from April to September 2008 at Latitude: 34¡ 41' 1' N. Thirteen horses were assigned to Exercise (n=6) or Control group (n=7). Mares were exercised …
Molecular Analysis Of Split Hand/Foot Malformation (Shfm) At The Shfm3 And Shfm5 Loci, Megan Chryst-Ladd
Molecular Analysis Of Split Hand/Foot Malformation (Shfm) At The Shfm3 And Shfm5 Loci, Megan Chryst-Ladd
All Theses
Split hand/foot malformation (SHFM) is a congenital limb malformation observed in humans characterized by a reduction or loss of the central digits of the hands and/or feet. The condition affects one in every 8,500 to 25,000 births, accounting for 8-17% of all limb reduction defects. A tandem duplication of approximately 500 Kb has been determined to be the causative mutation at the SHFM3 locus. Patients that are heterozygous for this duplication have three copies of the genes BTRC, POLL, and DPCD as well as an extra copy of exons 6-9 of FBXW4. The SHFM3 critical region also contains the FGF8 …
Erk 1/2 And P38 Mapk Pathways Are Both Invovled In The Expression Of Interleukin-6, -8, And Cyclooxygenase-2 In Thrombocytes Stimulated With Lipopolysaccharide, Candace Hitchcock
Erk 1/2 And P38 Mapk Pathways Are Both Invovled In The Expression Of Interleukin-6, -8, And Cyclooxygenase-2 In Thrombocytes Stimulated With Lipopolysaccharide, Candace Hitchcock
All Theses
This study was conducted to determine if the p38 and ERK1/2 MAPK pathways are involved in transcription of IL-6, IL-8, and COX-2 in the chicken thrombocyte response to ligation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) by Salmonella minnesota lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Thrombocytes were isolated and subsequently treated with either p38 MAPK or ERK inhibitor, and then with LPS during in vitro cell culture. Transcription of IL-6, IL-8, and COX-2 mRNA was determined using real-time PCR. The experiments were repeated using pM, nM and μM concentrations of both inhibitors to test cell sensitivity. Stimulation with LPS induced expression of IL-6, IL-8 and COX-2 …
Physical Activity Among Youth In A Weekend Respite Camp Program, Kathleen Felton
Physical Activity Among Youth In A Weekend Respite Camp Program, Kathleen Felton
All Theses
The engagement in physical activity among 24 youths with disabilities was studied. Researchers examined the effects of age and gender of the youth, the parent's knowledge of physical activity recommendations, and parent's physical activity practices on physical activity engagement. Levels of physical activity participation through leisure time, work or chores, and sports were assessed. Analysis was performed to determine relationships between each of the variables and the youths' level of physical activity respectively. Results of chi-square analysis indicated that parental influence using current physical activity recommendations was correlated with the youth's level of physical activity participation through leisure. Results suggested …
Inhibition Of Pi 3-Kinase Signaling Contributes To Metronidazole Resistance In The Protozoan Parasite, Entamoeba Histolytica, Rhonda Powell
Inhibition Of Pi 3-Kinase Signaling Contributes To Metronidazole Resistance In The Protozoan Parasite, Entamoeba Histolytica, Rhonda Powell
All Theses
Amoebiasis is defined as an intestinal infection with the human protozoan parasite, Entamoeba histolytica; approximately 100,000 deaths annually can be attributed to amoebiasis. Disease states range from asymptomatic colonization to invasive amoebiasis, characterized by abdominal pain and dysentery. Dissemination to extraintestinal sites, such as the liver and/or brain, can occur. Vesicle trafficking is critical for parasite virulence, and multiple signaling cascades within the pathogen facilitate these events.
One important regulator of signal transduction is the tightly controlled PI 3-kinase (PI3K), which phosphorylates the lipid, phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2), producing phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate (PIP3). Effector proteins, such as Akt, …
Cloning And Expression Of Porcine Dicer And Argonaute-2, Heather Stowe
Cloning And Expression Of Porcine Dicer And Argonaute-2, Heather Stowe
All Theses
In vitro-produced embryos exhibit aberrations in development, but the reasons for these developmental problems are unknown. Recently, a class of small non-coding RNA called microRNA (miRNA) has been described and reported to have roles in normal mammalian embryonic development. These miRNAs are encoded in the genome, transcribed by RNA pol II and processed into fragments approximately 22 nt in length by ribonuclease enzymes, the final one being a protein called Dicer. miRNA work through the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), of which the argonaute gene family are key proteins. Argonaute-2 (Ago2) has been identified as the only member possessing endonuclease activity, …
Life History Characteristics Of The Turquoise Darter (Etheostoma Inscriptum) In The Upper Piedmont Of South Carolina, Stephan Irwin
Life History Characteristics Of The Turquoise Darter (Etheostoma Inscriptum) In The Upper Piedmont Of South Carolina, Stephan Irwin
All Theses
ABSTRACT
The intention of this study was to estimate population density, time of spawning, and fecundity of the turquoise darter (Etheostoma inscriptum) in Six Mile creek of the Clemson SC experimental forest. Population density estimates were conducted on 18 riffles within the lower 1,524 m of the creek starting 304.8 m above its confluence with Lake Issaqueena from January to April 2008. Density was determined using the Leslie Depletion method, and darters/m2 was calculated. Random point collection was performed From October 14 to November 13, 2008, and 301 specimens were measured and released to determine length frequency of the population. …
Effect Of Oscillating And Static Retort Thermal Processing Technology Using An Institutional Size Pouch, Judith Trevino
Effect Of Oscillating And Static Retort Thermal Processing Technology Using An Institutional Size Pouch, Judith Trevino
All Theses
The effects of oscillating and static retort thermal processing on heat penetration using an institutional size pouch were evaluated. A literature review of general information on retort thermal processing, process modes, processing mediums, retort pouches and starch was presented.
Frigex-W starch (National Starch Food Innovation) and water mixtures were prepared at three different concentrations (1%, 3% and 5%). Five replications of starch and water mixtures were processed using water spray as the processing medium in institutional size retort pouches (29.2 cm. x 38.1 cm.) using both oscillating and static processing modes.
Viscosity (by Brookfield viscometer and Bostwick consistometer), residual air …
Using A Multimedia Assessment Tool To Impact Evolution Education Strategies In South Carolina's Public High Schools, Matthew Johnson
Using A Multimedia Assessment Tool To Impact Evolution Education Strategies In South Carolina's Public High Schools, Matthew Johnson
All Theses
The theory of evolution is widely accepted as one of the fundamental disciplines of modern science. Evolution provides a foundation for all aspects of biology, and thus it is essential that present and future biologists have a detailed understanding of evolutionary principles. However, since the famous Scopes trial in 1925, the teaching of evolutionary theory in the public school system has been under attack. Though several court cases over the last 85 years have continually supported evolution and discredited creationism (the idea that evolution cannot explain the diversity of life on earth and therefore must have arisen through the influence …
Low-Dose Of Sodium Arsenite Causes Delayed Differentiation In C2c12 Mouse Myoblast Cells Through The Repression Of The Transcription Factor Myogenin, Amanda Steffens
Low-Dose Of Sodium Arsenite Causes Delayed Differentiation In C2c12 Mouse Myoblast Cells Through The Repression Of The Transcription Factor Myogenin, Amanda Steffens
All Theses
A number of epidemiological studies have correlated arsenic exposurwith cancer, skin diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and adverse developmental outcomes such as stillbirths, spontaneous abortions, neonatal mortality, low birth weight, and delays in the use of musculature. The current study used C2C12 mouse myoblast cells to examine whether low concentrations of arsenic could alter their differentiation into myotubes, which would indicate that arsenic has the ability to act as a developmental toxicant. Myoblast cells were exposed to 20nM sodium arsenite and allowed to differentiate into myotubes and expression of the muscle-specific transcription factor myogenin, along with the expression of myosin light chain …
Effects Of Vegetation Structure On Fire Behavior And Wiregrass Seedling Establishment In Xeric Sandhills, Evelyn Wenk
Effects Of Vegetation Structure On Fire Behavior And Wiregrass Seedling Establishment In Xeric Sandhills, Evelyn Wenk
All Theses
The xeric sandhills on Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge have a monospecific overstory of longleaf pine and an understory dominated by turkey oak and wiregrass. The understory vegetation is spatially heterogeneous within stands, with small patches dominated by either turkey oak or wiregrass, or lacking understory vegetation. I described the fuel complexes created by the variable vegetation structure, in terms of their chemical and physical properties, and used prescribed fire to test for differences in fire behavior among the vegetation types. In addition, I compared the effects of the vegetation structure and below-ground competition on the establishment of wiregrass.
Turkey …
Spatial-Temporal Variation Of The Density And Distribution Of Stink Bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) In Cotton, Gossypium Hirsutum (L.), As Part Of A Diverse Agroecosystem, Richard Reeves
All Theses
Studies were conducted during 2007 and 2008 to investigate the distribution and density of phytophagous stink bugs and boll injury in cotton as part of a variable farmscape. The goals of this research were to: (1) compare and contrast sampling techniques and correlate the density of stink bugs and associated internal boll injury with measurements of crop phenology, (2) establish the spatial and temporal distributions of stink bugs and boll injury on a whole-field scale, and (3) determine the density of stink bugs and boll injury along field margins as influenced by adjacent habitats and crops. The ground cloth was …
Diseases Of Floriculture Crops In South Carolina: Evaluation Of A Pre-Plant Sanitation Treatment And Identification Of Species Of Phytophthora, Ernesto Robayo Camacho
Diseases Of Floriculture Crops In South Carolina: Evaluation Of A Pre-Plant Sanitation Treatment And Identification Of Species Of Phytophthora, Ernesto Robayo Camacho
All Theses
This project was composed of two separate studies. In one study, the species of Phytophthora that have been found associated with diseased floriculture crops in South Carolina and four other states were characterized and identified using molecular (RFLP fingerprints and DNA sequences for ITS regions and cox I and II genes), morphological (sporangia, oogonia, antheridia, oospores, and chlamydospores), and physiological (mating behavior and cardinal temperatures) characters. In addition, sensitivity to the fungicide mefenoxam was determined. In all, 87 isolates from 63 host plants that were collected over a 13-year period (1996 through 2008) were examined. Host plants came from 46 …
Nudibranchs Of The Ross Sea, Antarctica: Phylogeny, Diversity, And Divergence, Christopher Shields
Nudibranchs Of The Ross Sea, Antarctica: Phylogeny, Diversity, And Divergence, Christopher Shields
All Theses
The Southern Ocean (SO) surrounding Antarctica is extremely cold and geographically isolated. The phylogenetic affinities of only a few SO taxa have been examined in detail; in these, a high degree of endemism and radiation within the SO has been established using molecular phylogenetic methods. In order to address these Antarctic paradigms, we used Bayesian inference to construct phylogenetic trees of nudibranch molluscs based on mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase I (COI) and 18S ribosomal DNA. We gathered sequences from temperate (COI n=37; 18S n=31) and polar (COI n=21; 18S n=22) species and then combined them with sequences retrieved from GenBank (COI …
Bacterial Transfer From Mouth To Different Utensils And From Utensils To Food, Chaitali Purohit
Bacterial Transfer From Mouth To Different Utensils And From Utensils To Food, Chaitali Purohit
All Theses
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Reproductive Strategies And Colony Relatedness In The Invasive Ponerine Ant Pachycondyla Chinensis (Emery), Andrew Tebeau
Reproductive Strategies And Colony Relatedness In The Invasive Ponerine Ant Pachycondyla Chinensis (Emery), Andrew Tebeau
All Theses
Pachycondyla chinensis (Emery) (Formicidae: Ponerinae), is an ancestral ant introduced from Asia. It is considered a pest species of medical and ecological concern. Since its initial 1932 documentation occurring in three Southeastern U.S. states at relatively low frequencies, the invasion of P. chinensis has spread to at least three additional states in discontinuously widespread populations that are locally abundant. Little is known about P. chinensis population structure and reproduction, and an investigation into these strategies offers insight into the means by which this pest species proliferates, and ultimately, can assist in the design of management strategies. The objectives of this …
Development And Testing Of A Machine-Coatable Chitosan Coating Applied To A Flexible Packaging Sealant, Steffen Rau
Development And Testing Of A Machine-Coatable Chitosan Coating Applied To A Flexible Packaging Sealant, Steffen Rau
All Theses
Chitosan is a naturally derived material that has anti-microbial properties. Studies have shown that chitosan is effective when it is in contact with the surface of the product upon which the antimicrobial effect is desired. This suggests that chitosan should be on the inside surface of the package. In this work, a machine coatable chitosan coating was developed for application to the sealable (LDPE) side of a PET/LDPE lamination. The viscosities and percent solids of the coating were evaluated over 12 days. The coating was tested using manual drawdowns (Mayer rods) and also on a gravure coating line. Adhesion properties …
Effects Of Parasitism And Soil Compaction On Pupation Behavior Of The Green Bottle Fly Lucilia Sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Jonathan Cammack
Effects Of Parasitism And Soil Compaction On Pupation Behavior Of The Green Bottle Fly Lucilia Sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Jonathan Cammack
All Theses
Although the pupation behavior of blow flies has been widely studied, my work is the first to examine the effects of parasitoids and soil compaction on pupation behavior. The objectives of my research were to provide insight into a host-parasitoid system involving Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and to develop a predictive model of pupation depth for L. sericata, with respect to soil compaction. Two experiments were conducted examining the effects of parasitoids and soil compaction on the pupation behavior of L. sericata. In all experiments, larvae of L. sericata were introduced to containers …
Anticancer Properties Of Research-Grade Hydrastis Canadensis (Goldenseal) And Characterization Of Its Effect On The Mdr1-Encoded Phosphoglycoprotein Efflux Pump, Sara Garrett
All Theses
Multiple drug resistance (MDR) in tumors, observed both in vivo and in vitro, is generally attributed to efflux-mediated reduced drug accumulation via mdr1/P-gp. Notoriously chemoresistant colorectal cancers exhibit the highest P-gp expression, account for 9% of all cancer deaths, and are the third most common cancer in men and women. P-gp, a 170kDa protein, contains twelve transmembrane segments with two ATP-binding domains used to extrude intracellular compounds of broad specificity against a concentration gradient. Studies concerning natural health products are becoming more prevalent in the search for safe anti-P-gp remedies and Hydrastis canadensis (goldenseal) was studied for its anti-cancer properties. …
Relationships Between Impervious Surfaces And Surface Water Quality In Hunnicutt Creek Watershed, Clemson, South Carolina, Swaros Dumrichob
Relationships Between Impervious Surfaces And Surface Water Quality In Hunnicutt Creek Watershed, Clemson, South Carolina, Swaros Dumrichob
All Theses
Hunnicutt Creek watershed drains to the eastern edge of Clemson University campus. The landscape of this part of campus changes from a natural park like botanical garden to one dominated by academic buildings. The campus area has changed in time as well with increasing impervious areas such as roads, parking lots, roof tops and decreasing the amount of forested land leaded to the impairment of water quality in this creek. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the relationships between water quality indicators and percent imperviousness at a watershed level. Eight sampling sites were assigned at each sub-watershed within …
Overseeded Bermudagrass Spring Trasition Response To Mowing Height, Nitrogen Rate, Sulfonylurea Herbicide, And Allelopathy, Raymond Mccauley
Overseeded Bermudagrass Spring Trasition Response To Mowing Height, Nitrogen Rate, Sulfonylurea Herbicide, And Allelopathy, Raymond Mccauley
All Theses
Hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt-Davey x C. dactylon (L.)
Pers.] is the preferred turf for golf courses and athletic fields across the southern United
States because of its dark green color, fine texture, good wear and drought tolerance, and
excellent recuperative rate. Despite its many attributes, bermudagrass goes dormant and
turns an unsightly brown color when soil temperatures fall below 10-13oC (50-55super>oF).
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is often overseeded into bermudagrass in the fall
to sustain acceptable turf quality through the spring months. However, perennial ryegrass
aggressively competes with the bermudagrass for resources in the spring and potentially …
Relationship Between Time Of Eating And Injuries In Student Athletes, Yasuaki Okawa
Relationship Between Time Of Eating And Injuries In Student Athletes, Yasuaki Okawa
All Theses
ABSTRACT
There is a significant body of research on the relationships between exercise and nutrition for enhancing athletic performance. However, there is a deficit of research on the relationship between time of eating and athletic injuries. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the time of eating and athletic injuries in collegiate student-athletes. Given the potential relationship between night eating, sleep disruption, and impaired wound healing, the hypothesis of this research is that eating late at night increases the incidence of chronic athletic injuries.
Data from a convenience sample of 34 student-athletes, 8 male and …
Management Strategies To Improve Development Of Replacement Heifers Utilizing Tall Fescue-Based Systems, Margaret Miller
Management Strategies To Improve Development Of Replacement Heifers Utilizing Tall Fescue-Based Systems, Margaret Miller
All Theses
Research was conducted to determine the effect of tall fescue and alternative management regimens on reproduction in replacement beef heifers. Angus _ Simmental heifers (n = 48; 318 ± 4.99 kg initial BW) stratified by weight and pubertal status were assigned to one of three replicated grazing treatments: (1) toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue (TF); (2) toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue with a soybean oil supplement (TFO); or (3) mixed winter annual species (cereal rye, annual ryegrass, crimson clover and hybrid turnip) (M). Tall fescue endophyte infection level was between 74 and 94%. Pastures were grazed from December 12 to April 24. …
Managing Linepithema Humile (Mayr), The Argentine Ant, In South Carolina State Park Campgrounds, Brittany Ellis
Managing Linepithema Humile (Mayr), The Argentine Ant, In South Carolina State Park Campgrounds, Brittany Ellis
All Theses
Linepithema humile (Mayr), the Argentine ant, is known as a pest in many urban areas of the southeastern United States. In the Piedmont region of South Carolina, there is a documented problem with L. humile invading the campsites of state park campgrounds. While some parks have tried to implement proactive control programs, the most widely used tactic is spraying insecticides when L. humile populations become intolerable to visitors. Although park personnel are treating problem areas with liquid insecticide, park visitors also treat their campsites with insecticidal products, as well as products not labeled for ant control.
Surveys in 2008 showed …
Potential For Introduced-Range Expansion Of Chinese Tallow Tree (Triadica Sebifera) In The Southeastern United States, Isaac Park
All Theses
The potential for populations of invasive plants to differ in their response to stressful environmental conditions or in their invasiveness is an underexplored issue in determining introduced species' range limits. Introduced genotypes might differ in their response to freezing temperatures, soil type, or differing biotic factors within their introduced range. We examined the potential of Chinese tallow tree seeds (Triadica sebifera (L.) Small) collected from two genetically distinct areas of its introduced range in the United States (North Carolina and South Carolina) as well as from the northern and southern portions of its native range in China to germinate and …
Root-Zone Characteristics And Bermudagrass Response To Saline Water Delivered By Subsurface Drip Irrigation, Kelsey Gorman
Root-Zone Characteristics And Bermudagrass Response To Saline Water Delivered By Subsurface Drip Irrigation, Kelsey Gorman
All Theses
Population growth and recurring drought conditions have placed high demands on freshwater resources in South Carolina. Thus, turfgrass irrigation management practices that reduce freshwater use while maintaining quality turfgrass need to be identified.
Previous research in the arid Southwest USA documents water conservation on bermudagrass by using saline water sources and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) systems. A field-scale facility was constructed in Florence, SC, to evaluate `Tifway' bermudagrass
(Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. X C. transvaalensis Burtt Davy) quality, growth, and rootzone characteristics when subjected to saline (3.15 dS m-1) or freshwater (0.07 dS m-1) irrigation, SDI lines spaced 41 or …
Population Reconstruction Model To Analyze Harvest And Banding Data For Mourning Doves In South Carolina, Christopher Chumbley
Population Reconstruction Model To Analyze Harvest And Banding Data For Mourning Doves In South Carolina, Christopher Chumbley
All Theses
Mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) call count indices for South Carolina indicate a negative trend over the past 42 years (1.2% decline per year, p < 0.05). Total harvest estimates in the state increased from 2003-2007. Banding data from doves banded in South Carolina and data from annual examinations of harvested mourning dove wings during 2003-2007 were collected and analyzed. Data sets used contained 6,600 banded doves and 21,240 harvested dove wings. Survival estimates from band recovery analyses for adult and juvenile doves were 0.44 (± 0.04 SE) and 0.35 (± 0.06 SE), respectively. Survival rates were constant from year to year while recovery rates differed annually for adults and juveniles. The average natural mortality estimates for adults and juveniles in the presence of hunting were 0.45 ± 0.122 and 0.47 ± 0.189, respectively, during the study period. The average harvest and kill rates for adults and juveniles were also estimated. Age-at-harvest ratios adapted from annual wing examinations during the harvest were used with recovery rates to derive estimates of annual productivity in the population. Linear regression analysis of productivity estimates found a significant decline in productivity during 2003-2007 (-0.21, p < 0.10). The average productivity estimate was 1.43 (± 0.33 SE) juveniles per adult and the estimated productivity required to maintain a stable population was 1.60 (± 0.30 SE). The effects of constant survival rates, varying hunting mortality estimates and declining productivity estimates were discussed in relation to breeding populations in rural areas of South Carolina.
Forage Species Alters Animal Performance, Carcass Quality, And Fatty Acid Composition Of Forage-Finished Beef Produced In Summer Months, Jason Schmidt
Forage Species Alters Animal Performance, Carcass Quality, And Fatty Acid Composition Of Forage-Finished Beef Produced In Summer Months, Jason Schmidt
All Theses
The objective of this study was to evaluate how forages grazed during the summer months alter live animal performance, carcass quality, consumer acceptability and fatty acid composition in finishing beef cattle. Angus-cross steers (n=60) were finished on alfalfa (AL), bermudagrass (BG), chicory (CH), cowpea (CO), and pearl millet (PM) during this two year trial. Using a complete randomized block design, ten 2-ha paddocks were blocked and assigned to forage species (2 reps per species). Each year, steers (n=3) were randomly assigned to paddocks and grazing began when adequate forage growth for individual species was present. Put and take grazing techniques …
Consumer Preferences: The Role Of Food Emotions In Food Choice, Jessica Glass
Consumer Preferences: The Role Of Food Emotions In Food Choice, Jessica Glass
All Theses
The purpose of this study was to determine the driving factors in food choice. The Flavor Pyramid, introduced by Steven Kaun, indicates that the foundation of consumer food choice is emotional (Kaun, 2005). This study serves as a preliminary means to validate the role of the emotional component of food choice in today's market. Four gingerbread formulas, one from 1430, 1861, 2004, and a new product, were evaluated in a sensory panel in order to collect preliminary data on the role that food emotions play in consumer preference. Nearly sixty-six percent of all panelists chose the 2004 recipe as the …