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The Effects Of Relative Humidity And Temperature On The Strength Properties Of Corrugated Board, James E. Mcfarland

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The objective of this thesis was the determination of the effect of temperature and relative humidity on the strength properties of corrugated board.

A testing laboratory was set up in a controlled humidity room. Both temperatures and humidities were varied to form testing levels. The temperatures ranged from 32°F to 92°F. The humidity varied from 25% to 75%. Extreme conditions in either direction were not used so as to avoid damage to the room and testing equipment. Three tests were performed on the exposed board. They were H & D flat crush test, G.E. puncture test, and the mullen test. …

The Effect Of Ph On Retention Aids: A Study Of Retention, Optical Efficiency And Filler Distribution, David H. Soule

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This paper was designed to develop insights on the retaining, optical efficiency and filler distribution properties of retention aids at various pH levels. Three leading retention aids; Cato 15, Natron 86 and Nalco 623 were studied in the normal papermaking pH range 3.5 to 6.5 to determine the effect of pH.

The results indicated pH played an important role in producing conditions of optimum retention and optical efficiency. pH also contributed to the distribution of the filler in the handsheets. The results further indicated, when using retention aids, optimum retention of titanium dioxide does not always yield the highest scattering …

Effects Of Some Commercial Enzymes In The Deinking Of Newsprint, James O. Prickett

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The trend of industry, in general, today is one of recycling. This is brought about as a means of conserving our dwindling natural resources and to help abate the pollution problem.

The design of this paper is to see if enzymes can be used successfully and economically in the deinking process of newsprint. Varying concentrations of enzymes, both an amylase and a protease, and a biodegradable detergent were used in a handsheet study. Temperature and pH were controlled so as to not denature the enzymes. It was found that the brightness increase was only minimal with a protease and brightness …

A Study Of The Blocking Of Polyvinylidene Chloride In A Rewound Roll, Lowell L. Knapp

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The blocking tendency of polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) coated paper, front to back, in a rewound roll against a clay-coated surface was investigated. Pressure, temperature, contact time, relative humidity, and thickness of the PVDC layer or layers were all found to be important in the blocking of PVDC coated paper. Autohesion was considered to be the most probable mechanism of blocking. Autohesion involves the interweaving of the polymer molecules of both coated surfaces when they are in contact and under pressure at high temperatures. One way of eliminating blocking is by completely drying (crystallizing) the PVDC film and thereby reducing the …

Total Free Pulping Of Aspen Chips By The Nssc Process For Use In Corrugating Medium, John C. Krc

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The recent trend of industry toward materials cost savings and environmental control encourages research in the area of total-tree utilization. One possible way to utilize the whole tree is by harvesting with the Metro Chip Harvester. The development of the Metro Chip Harvester prompted this work which primarily was concerned with comparison of various blends of standard Aspen chips and Metro Harvester Aspen chips. One possible use for Metro Harvester chips in the production of corrugating medium.

The results of this work indicate that there is a possibility that 25% Metro Harvester chips can be used in a corrugating medium …

The Evaluation Of The Banana Tree As A Source Of Papermaking Fiber, Ivan T. Mascarenhas

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This investigation is conducted under found broad categories - effect of various cooking methods, blending with softwood, CEHD bleaching and fiber microscopy.

It is found that the leaves are unpulpable but the stalks and stems give fibers comparable to hardwoods.

Banana pulps are uneconomical to bleach due to high Kappa numbers and acid pretreatment requirement.

The individual fibers are long, slender and stiff similar to bamboo and rice fibers. Peculiar hairlike structure are dominant.

Banana pulp can be substituted for hardwood pulp in the manufacture of bags and wrapping paper and especially advantageous for liner board due to its high …

Fiber Orientation As A Means To Control Formation On The Ultra-Former Through Changes In The Spouting Jet To Wire Speed Ratio And Stock Consistency In The Headbox, Gerald R. Haw

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The Ultra-Former is a new type of multi-ply board machine. It uses a cylinder mold without a vat and has a stock delivery system that uses a headbox similar to that found on a fourdrinier machine. The board made on the Ultra-Former has several improved qualities over the board made on the conventional type board machines. Of these several improved qualities formation is one of the most important.

Formation is important because it affects the physical properties of the finished product. One of the major physical properties affected is the tensile strength of the sheet. The tensile strength is reduced …

The Effect Of Temperature On Refining, Richard Granger

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The results of this work indicate that elevated beating temperature drastically increases beating time and produces detrimental effects on the physical characteristics of the formed sheet as evaluated by wet web strength, tear and tensile.

It is thus indicative of the value of cold temperature refining.

The Pulping Of Hardwood Sawdust By The Neutral Sulfite Semichemical Process For Use In Corrugating Medium, James O. Mcclelland

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The need for using less expensive raw materials is ever increasing. Here the use of hardwood sawdust as one of these raw materials was investigated for use in Semichemical Corrugating Medium. It was found that 20 to 30% sawdust could be used in the furnish without a significant loss in sheet strength. It was also found that sawdust could be pulped either separately or combined with hardwood chips giving the same product quality. This was accomplished by either a regular neutral sulfite semichemical cook or by a vapor phase cook. The conventional disk refiner was found to do the best …

The Effects Of Starch On Pickup, As Influenced By Solids, Temperature, Viscosity And Depth Of Penetration On Sheet Properties, James W. Ramp

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This reporting is a review of the current issue of knowledge in the area of size press variables. It delves into the sheet properties affected by the application of surface size.

A pilot plant study was conducted which evaluated the affect of Penford Gum 280. This starch was applied to the 46 pound 50% hardwood, 50% softwood, 15% clay filled sheet being formed on the 30 inch wide pilot papermachine at Western Michigan University. Starch application was made at various temperature and solids concentrations to obtain different amounts of pickup and variables deaths of penetration.

The results of this study …

The Use Of Activated Carbon For Removal Of Dyestuffs From Secondary Paper Mill Effluent, Duane L. Zomer

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Adsorption of colored materials, dyestuff from simulated paper mill effluents by activated carbon columns appears to be a very effective method of removing color from waste effluents. Laboratory investigations have indicated that materials commonly encountered in paper mill effluents tend to slow the adsorption of color molecules. This phenomenon is overcome by allowing more time for adsorption. This lends itself to a diffusion-limited type adsorption mechanism with multi-layering adsorption on the carbon surface.

Using carbon of not less than 45 mesh, carbon adsorption columns appear to become feasible for large volume color removal. There appeared to be no significant head …

The Use Of Activated Carbon For Removal Of Dyestuffs From Secondary Paper Mill Effluent, Duane L. Zomer

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Adsorption of colored materials, dyestuff from simulated paper mill effluents by activated carbon columns appears to be a very effective method of removing color from waste effluents. Laboratory investigations have indicated that materials commonly encountered in paper mill effluents tend to slow the adsorption of color molecules. This phenomenon is overcome by allowing more time for adsorption. This lends itself to a diffusion-limited type adsorption mechanism with multi-layering adsorption on the carbon surface.

Using carbon of not less than 45 mesh, carbon adsorption columns appear to become feasible for large volume color removal. There appeared to be no significant head …