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A Study Of Supply And Demand For Elementary School Teachers In Venezula, Evilexis Betancourt

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

In Venezuela, as in most Latin American countries, education is one of the most important factors in the development process. Within the educational structures, primary schooling is especially important due to the large share of the population under age 12, the great percentage of people of lower social status (who are content with primary schooling for their children), and a still high rate of illiteracy. Fortunately this rate has been declining due to emphasis on and importance of primary education.

Influence Of A Soil Microfloral Crust On Hydrologic And Chemical Properties Of Soils In Southeastern Utah, Walter L. Loope

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Cryptogamic soil crusts within the Colorado Plateau were studied to determine their effect on infiltration rates, potential sediment production, permeability, and several chemical properties of the soil. Six different crust stages were identified. Undisturbed soil cores were used to determine intrinsic permeability under three treatments and disturbed soil samples were analyzed for pH, percent organic matter, soil texture, Ca+Mg content and total conductivity.

It was found that the cryptogamic crust had little effect on soil chemical properties. Analysis of undisturbed soil core data indicates that high cryptogamic cover tends to decrease intrinsic permeability; this effect was reinforced when cores were …

Cooperative Extension Service Organization And Administration In Utah And Thailand, Sommart Chinoim

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Thailand is an agricultural country with about 80 percent of the population operating farms. Agriculture is the main source of national income and 90 percent of all exports are agricultural products. The farms are small and a high percent of the farmers are illiterate which accounts for so many people remaining on farms. Even though agricultural development is under the National Economic and Social Development Plan, new methods of farming are not easily accessible to the small farmers. They still follow their ancestor's methods of cultivating, irrigating, and harvesting their crops. Most farmers operate subsistent farm units. They plant enough …

The Relationship Between Matric Water And Related Physiological Properties, Hussain Ali Al-Saadi

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Matric water was measured as the water retained by plant material on a pressure membrane or ultra filter after equilibration under 20 bars nitrogen gas pressure and the removal of free water. At increasing pressures lesser amounts of water are held by matric or colloidal surface forces. Twenty bars pressure, supplied by cylinder nitrogen for 48 hours, was used in this study. Matric water was expressed as a percent of either (a) the dry weight or (b) the original water content. Plant material was oven dried, ground, and then saturated with water prior to the determination.

The matric water values …

Canopy Structure And Phenology Of Alpine Tundra Vegetation, Marcee Fareed

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

An inclined point frame was used to measure leaf area indices in an alpine tundra Kobresia stand and Deschampsia meadow on Niwot Ridge, Colorado. Measurements were made throughout the summer of 1971 at various heights in the canopy and for each species in the two communities. Maximum leaf area indices of 2.2 and 2.0 occurred in the Kobresia and Deschampsia sites, respectively. The Kobresia site was characterized by a single dominant species, Kobresia myosuroides, and a predominance of vegetation within 2.5 cm of mean ground level. The Deschampsia site had no single dominant species. The region of maximum foliage …

Development Of An Interpretive Document For The Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, William R. Burbridge

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Since its inception, the National Wildlife Refuge System has been administered for management and restoration of habitat essential to the propagation and welfare of resident and wintering wildlife species. Acquisition of additional System units has been primarily directed to the benefit of the migratory bird resource. As of July 1, 1968 about 250 of the 321 refuge units were managed for the waterfowl resource (U. S. Department of Interior, 1968a). However, this growth of the System has been accompanied by an increase in recreational use of the refuges. In 1962, Public Law 87-714, the Refuge Recreation Act, was passed to …

The Effects Of Dcpa And Trifluralin On Northern Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne Hapla Chitwood) Infection Of Selected Vegetables, Rulon Kent Romney

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The interaction of herbicides and Northern root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood) on onions and beans was studied in the greenhouse. Seeds of onions (Allium cepa L.) were planted in soil treated with different levels of dimethyl 2,3,5,6-tetrachloroterephthalate (DCPA). Seeds of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were planted in soil treated with different levels of DCPA or α, α, α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin). Seedlings were inoculated with root-knot nematode larvae after 2 week's growth.

DCPA reduced root and shoot growth on onions but did not significantly affect bean growth. Trifluralin significantly reduced root and shoot …

Population Ecology Of Uinta Ground Squirrels, Norman A. Slade

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The behavior and ecology of Uinta ground squirrels (Spermophilus armatus) at the Utah State University Forestry Field Station northeast of Logan, Utah were studied from 1964-1971 to determine the role of behavior in population regulation. From 1965 to 1968, data were collected to establish population norms. In 1968, the population density was reduced experimentally to help elucidate regulatory processes. This paper compares the dynamics of the population before and after the population reduction.

Before the density reduction, juvenile survival was lower than that of yearlings and adults. The disappearance of juveniles was associated with their tendency to disperse …

Xanthium Strumarium L.: Extraction And Assay Of Floral Promotive Principles And Additional Investigations Into Inhibition Of Flowering, David D. Gibby

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

New techniques in extraction and assay of florigenic substances were tested. Initial response to the buffer-PVP extracts proved promising, but after several successful experiments, results could not be duplicated. Possible reasons for the failure are discussed.

A long-day inhibitory effect, demonstrated earlier by Gibby and Salisbury (25), was further investigated. Experiments with ¹⁴C-labled assimilates disproved the hypothesis that the inhibition is a result of assimilate translocation. Other experiments pointed to the probability of phytochrome involvement as well as protein synthesis as part of the inhibitory process. The nature of inhibition was ascribed to a localized inhibitory condition, probably a …

Radioimmuno Detection Of Virus, John Carlos Perez

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The commonly used techniques for viral detection are tedious, time consuming and in many cases inadequate. As a consequence, a rapid, sensitive radioimmunoassay has been developed for detecting viruses. Reovirus is reacted with homologous ¹²⁵I labeled antibody after which the antigen-antibody complexes are separated from unreacted labeled antibody by density gradient ultracentrifugation. After centrifugation, the density gradient is fractionated and the radioactivity counted in a liquid scintillation spectrometer.

The amount of activity in the lower fractions of the density gradient is directly proportional to the virus concentration. The radioimmunoassay developed has several advantages over other viral assay procedures; the …

Inorganic Mercury Uptake And Mercury Tolerance Demonstrated By Several Species Of Algae, Daniel S. Filip

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The inhibition by low concentrations of inorganic mercury has been established for several species of freshwater algae, and a method has been developed to determine mercury levels in algal cells, having good precision at levels as low as one hundred parts per billion.

Rapid sorption of inorganic mercury by glassware was minimized by using heavy algal cultures and short term incubations. The rates and extent of mercury uptake by three species of freshwater green algae were delineated under laboratory conditions. Replicate mercury containing cultures yielded slightly different mercury concentrations upon analysis due to analytical errors and glass sorption. Therefore, percent …

A Cytological, Morphological, And Anatomical Study Of Elymus Simplex, Stephan L. Hatch

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the taxonomy, report the chromosome number, report meiotic chromosome behavior, and give the anatomy of Elymus simplex Scribner and Williams. The isotype of Elymus simplex and the type description were used to compare this and other species that have been confused.

Cytological and anatomical methods are reported as an aid in clarification of the taxonomic problem that has been associated with this species.

Xenobiotic Detoxication Potential And Drug Induced Changes In Carbaryl Toxicity In The Alfalfa Leafcutter Bee, Megachile Rotundata (Febricius), Richard M. Lee

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The alfalfa leafcutter bee, Megachile rotundata, one of the most important pollinators of alfalfa, generally became more susceptible to carbaryl as the adults aged. LD₅₀ values for carbaryl toxicity were 240,166, 109, and 51 μg carbaryl/gram for the 1, 2, 3, and 4 days-old adult male bees. For the female bees, these were 245 , 551, 289, and 262 μg car-baryl/ gram. Lipid content and microsomal enzyme activity (measured by EPN detoxication in vitro) decreased in both sexes as the bees aged.

Synergist ratios, defined as the ratio of the LD₅₀ of carbaryl alone …

Model For Estimating Soil Water Flow, Water Content, Evapotranspiration And Root Extraction, Musa N. Nimah

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A mathematical model was developed to predict water content profiles, evapotranspiration, water flow from or to the water table, root extraction and root water potential at the surface as functions of time under unsteady state conditions.

The model was tested in the field at The Hullinger Farm near Vernal, Utah, in 1970 and 1971. Comparison of water content-depth profiles show excellent agreement at the end of a 9- day run in 1970 on oats seeded to alfalfa. In 1971 with alfalfa as the crop, the data show best agreement, between predicted and computed water content-depth profiles, 48 hours after any …

The Influence Of Atmospheric Dust And Foliar Leachates On The Chemical Quality Of Throughfall In Northern Utah, Dennis R. Parent

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In the summer of 1971 a research project was carried out in an attempt to determine the influence of dust and leachates on rainfall quality. Open precipitation collectors, collectors under polyethylene screens, collectors under Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and juniper (Juniperus scopulorum), and leaf analyses were used to determine the relative effects of these two processes by which chemicals are incorporated into the rainwater. All samples were analyzed for sodium (Na⁺), calcium (Ca⁺⁺), magnesium (Mg⁺⁺), potassium (K⁺), and available phosphorus. Under the trees, sodium concentrations increased as much as …

Tissue Mineral Imbalances In Cattle With Brisket Disease, Patricia H. Field

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Twenty four cattle, six each of healthy cows and calves, and cows and calves with brisket disease, were obtained, examined and slaughtered. The concentrations of calcium, chloride, cobalt, copper, iron, magnesium, molybdenum, phosphorus, potassium, sodium and zinc; and percent absolute dry matter and percent ash were determined in tissues selected from the following: cardiac, hepatic, renal, osseous, whole blood and blood serum. In addition, certain physical and biological parameters were recorded for each animal. The results were analyzed as a 2 x 2 factorial, segregating the effects of age and brisket disease, and the age-disease interaction.

The following statistically significant …

Irrigation And Non-Irrigation Alternatives For Reducing Sugar Cane Transportation Costs In Santa Cruz, Bolivia, Lee M. Bailey

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The major objective of this study was to investigate various alternatives for lowering the cost of transporting sugar cane in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. These alternatives included both irrigation and non-irrigation possibilities. Production costs for sugar cane were determined by using studies completed by the USAID-Utah State University study team, budget studies of Senor Carlos Castro of the Guabira' sugar cane mill in Santa Cruz and a study undertaken by Senor Enrique Gomez, a graduate student at Utah State University.

A cane registry commissioned by the National Sugar Cane Commission was used in conjunction with a least-cost transportation model in order …

An Evaluation Of The Farm Machinery Market In Utah, Paul J. Stuart

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this thesis was to evaluate the farm machinery distribution system in Utah using market structure analysis. Questionnaires to farm machinery firms as well as to farmers were used to gather data on market structure and conduct. The traditional market structure theory was used as an analytical framework. Examining the efficiency of factor markets revealed possible avenues for savings to farmers.

Aquatic Invertebrate Consumption By The Major Fish Species In The Blacksmith Fork River, Theodore F. Meyers

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Exponential rates of digestion are described for brown trout and whitefish for July, October, December (1969), and April (1970). The slope of the line fitted to the digestion data from each month was defined as the instantaneous rate of digestion and applied to an exponential growth model to determine the instantaneous consumption rate.

The digestion and consumption rates were applied to field measurements of percent fullness to determine the amount of food material ingested during a 24 hour period. Brown trout consumed 127, 24, 19, and 84 mean percent of their stomach capacity in the July, October, December, and April …

An Evaluation Of The Competitive Position Of Utah Livestock Production To Other Livestock Producing Areas, Kenneth H. Gray

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this thesis is to make an evaluation of the competitive position of the Utah livestock industry by use of a linear programming model (MPS-360). This is on the basis of the least cost means of production to meet the quantity demanded of the livestock products. This is accomplished by dividing the United States into six regions where Utah is one of these regions to enable careful consideration of Utah's agricultural enterprises.

The agricultural products used in the analysis are beef, pork, broilers, turkeys, eggs and milk.

The feeds used for production are barley, wheat, corn, oats, milo, …

A Method Of Estimating Minimum Dairy Farm Sizes For Specific Income Levels, K. Dale Russell

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this paper is to calculate a method of estimating minimum dairy farm sizes for specific income levels. A survey of a sample of Utah dairy farmers was conducted to obtain data to calculate a long run average cost schedule. Dairy farmers who had just recently built new facilities and with varying sized herds were interviewed. Individual costs were studied to establish their effect on the long run average cost curve. Different average revenue curves for varying prices and production levels were used to establish minimum cow numbers needed to give specified incomes and growth potentials. Marginal analysis …

Present Livestock Feed Balance, Projected Feed Requirement And Potential For The State Of Utah, Roberto Savelli C.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The objectives of this thesis were to estimate the present livestock feed balance and project livestock feed requirements and balances to 1980 for the State of Utah.

Present feed production was obtained from published data. Livestock feed requirements were calculated using factors published in Livestock-Feed Relationships, a publication of the United States Department of Agriculture.

The projections of feed requirements to 1980 were made by projecting livestock numbers based on a least squares analysis of past trends. Utilizing the projected numbers permits calculation of the feed requirements.

Feed production in 1980 was obtained by projecting past feed production and by …

A Study Of The Inheritance And Linkage Relationships Of Three Glossy Characteristics In Barley, Jess R. Martineau

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Twenty-two barley crosses (Hordeum sp.) were studied in the F2 generation to determine the inheritance of the following contrasting characters: (N,n), (E,e), (Tr, tr), (Li,li), (Gp,gp), (K,k), (Z,z), (Gl,gl), (Gs, gs), (B,b), (Trd,trd), (O,o), (R,r), (Rb,rb), and (Ge, ge).

The three factors for glossyness, (gl), (gs), and (ge), were studied in relation to the other factors and each other to determine possible linkage relationships.

(gl) was found to be linked with (k) and 16 percent recombination and to (z) with 13 percent recombination. (gs) appeared to be linked with (gp) in two crosses, with a third cross showing independence. …

Maintenance And Survival Of Vegetation On The Sunrise Campground, Cache National Forest, Alan R. Silker

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The goal of this study was to determine if watering and fertilizing would help maintain favorable vegetation conditions on forested recreation sites. Sunrise Campground on the Cache National Forest in northern Utah was the study site. Treatment applications of water and nitrogen- phosphorous fertilizer were made from 1964 through 1968.

Covariance analysis of variables indicated that all treatments produced significantly greater amounts of ground cover vegetation than control plots. Ground cover response to treatments was greater under aspen than under coniferous overstory, and treatments under aspen produced differences in appearance of vegetation . There were no significant differences in diameter …

Adsorption-Desorption And Movement Of Picloram (4-Amino-3,5,6-Trichloropicolinic Acid) In Soils, Desh Raj Duseja

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Adsorption and desorption of picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) in soils was studied utilizing both batch technique and soil columns. The five soils from the states of Utah and California ranged from 0.6 to 18.7 percent in organic matter content, 5 to 21 percent in sesquioxides and 6.45 to 7.55 in pH. In batch studies, the factors affecting picloram adsorption-desorption included time, soil type, organic matter, herbicide concentration, temperature, pH, and inorganic electrolytes. The soils adsorbed 10.8 to 58.2 percent of the added picloram from 0.05 to 10,0 ppm of picloram aqueous solutions. Adsorption was highly correlated with organic matter (r = …

Development Of Environmental Education Field Trip Guides For Elementary School Teachers In Cache Valley, Utah, Sandra T. Brown

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was two-fold. The first was the development of environmental education field trip guides to areas in Cache Valley for teachers in grades three through six that would provide learning activities that cannot be structured in the classroom. Six field trip guides to areas of Cache Valley with accompanying activities and discussion questions were constructed. The guides were tested in the field by three groups of teachers and students and teachers not participating in the field test evaluated the guides for difficulties they would encounter in using the guides.

The second study purpose was to determine …

Greenhouse Production And Marketing Of Petunia, W. Theron Hansen Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was performed during a three year period, 1969-1971. The first year the writer evaluated containers, soil mixtures, planting dates, fertilizers, and temperatures for optimum petunia production. The data collected aided in selecting the best greenhouse procedures for future studies. The second year three bedding plant varieties were used for further evaluate containers and soil mixtures using direct seeding and transplanting and watering continuously or watering as needed.

As a result of the first two year's studies, a liquid fertilizer (10-5-5), an average temperature of 75 F, Jiffy-7 peat pellets, plants not receiving continuous water program was used for …

The Surface Movement Of A New S-Triazine Herbicide From Treated Cropland And Its Environmental Effects, Zeldon A. Nelson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Six days following the application of 1.5 and 3.0 lb/A of 2- methoxy-4-sec.-butylamino-6-ethylamino-s-triazine (GS-14254) to established plots of alfalfa, water samples were collected at several distances from the plots and analyzed for herbicide residues with a Beckman DB-G grating spectrophotometer. The data indicate that GS-14254 is transported in small amounts but that the concentrations in the runoff water decline rapidly with increased distance from the treated areas and time.

S-14254 produced no visual injury symptoms of leaf chlorosis or plant stunting on alfalfa at the two rates used. However, some initial injury has been reported by other workers. …

Plant Adaptation To Cold I. Chlorophyll Ii. Minerals, Peter Rosen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A number of montane herbs in northern Utah typically form flower buds beneath the snow cover and flower either through it or immediately after its recession. Two of these species, one naturally occurring, Claytonia lanceolata, and one cultivated bulb, Galanthus nivalis, were investigated for their response to this stress environment.

Snow depth patterns, chlorophyll content of tissues, and plants grown in light-tight boxes, suggest that light passing through the snow to reach plants growing underneath is not critically involved in the timing of their developmental cycles or in their ability to endure this low temperature environment.

Ability to endure stress …

Ecology Of Aroga Websteri Clarke In Curlew Valley, Utah-Idaho, Reed L. Kirkland

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The ecology, life history, and population dynamics of the sagebrush defoliator, Aroga websteri Clarke, were studied in the field and laboratory. The defoliator has one generation a year at the Curlew Valley site. It overwintered in the egg stage and passed through five larval instars. Ten parasite species attacked the defoliator at the study site. Four species, Orgilus ferus, Phaeogenes sp., Spilochalcis leptis, and Apanteles cacoeciae, contributed over 75 percent of the total incidence of parasitism. Parasitism ranged from 20 to 76 percent in 1971, but only ranged from 6 to 29 percent in 1972. This decrease …