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Articles 1 - 7 of 7
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Gene Duplications During Experimental Evolution Of Caenorhabditis Elegans : Duplication Rates And Evolutionary Responses, James Charles Farslow
Gene Duplications During Experimental Evolution Of Caenorhabditis Elegans : Duplication Rates And Evolutionary Responses, James Charles Farslow
Biology ETDs
Copy-number variants (CNVs) are a ubiquitous form of genetic variation. How often this form of variation arises and its adaptive significance are active areas of contemporary research. This work presents evidence regarding both of these subjects. First, it demonstrates that gene duplications occur at a frequency two orders of magnitude greater than point mutations. Specifically, the gene duplication rate is estimated to be 1.2 x 10-7/gene/generation, compared to a point mutation rate on the order of ~10-9/site/ generation. Second, it was found that populations in a low state of fitness due to mutation accumulation could recover some or all of …
Foliar Respiration And Carbon Dynamics Of Mature Piñon And Juniper Trees In Response To Experimental Drought And Heat, Adam Collins
Foliar Respiration And Carbon Dynamics Of Mature Piñon And Juniper Trees In Response To Experimental Drought And Heat, Adam Collins
Biology ETDs
Plant respiration (R) is generally well-coupled with temperature and in the absence of thermal acclimation, respiration is expected to increase as climate change brings higher temperatures. Increased drought is also predicted for future climate, which could drive respiration higher if the carbon (C) cost to maintain tissues (Rm) or grow increases, or lower if substrate or other factors become limiting. We examined the effects of temperature and drought on R as well as photosynthesis, growth, and carbohydrate storage of mature individuals of two co-dominant tree species. Three mature, in-situ piñon (Pinus edulis) and juniper (Juniperus monosperma) trees were assigned to …
Constraints On Distributions And Diversity Of Birds And Mammals Over Variable Environments, Trevor S. Fristoe
Constraints On Distributions And Diversity Of Birds And Mammals Over Variable Environments, Trevor S. Fristoe
Biology ETDs
The distributions of species are determined by intrinsic factors such as physiological tolerances as well as extrinsic factors of the environment such as the availability of resources. While physiological tolerances generally change over evolutionary time scales, changes in environmental productivity due to processes such as succession or seasonal progression often occur over ecological times. I address both physiology and resource availability as drivers of the distributions and diversity of endothermic birds and mammals using a macroecological approach and a metabolic perspective. Migratory birds, altering communities over seasonal cycles, provide a unique opportunity to investigate the drivers of distributions and diversity …
Into The Tropics: A Quantitative Study Of Mammals In The Great American Biotic Interchange, Winifred Whiteman-Jennings
Into The Tropics: A Quantitative Study Of Mammals In The Great American Biotic Interchange, Winifred Whiteman-Jennings
Biology ETDs
For almost 100 million years, North and South America were isolated from each other. This long period of geologic separation led to the evolution of strikingly different mammalian faunas: marsupials were prevalent in South America, while ecosystems in North America were composed of placental mammals. Roughly 3 Mya, a land bridge formed between the two continents leading to an accelerated exchange of mammalian fauna. The Great American Biotic Interchange (or GABI, as this has come to be called,) led to the successful colonization of many North American species, but few South American species. The highly asymmetrical nature of the faunal …
The Indirect Effects Of Climate Variability On The Reproductive Dynamics And Productivity Of An Avian Predator In The Arid Southwest, Corrie C. Borgman
The Indirect Effects Of Climate Variability On The Reproductive Dynamics And Productivity Of An Avian Predator In The Arid Southwest, Corrie C. Borgman
Biology ETDs
The deserts of the Southwestern United States are experiencing rapid warming and climate models predict declining winter precipitation. The combined effects of higher air temperatures and drought are a reduction in productivity, which may importantly impact reproduction in consumers. Here, we investigate the effects of warming and drought on the reproductive timing and output in loggerhead shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus) in central New Mexico from 2007 to 2012. We found increases in air temperature of 3°C during the breeding season (March—July) and highly variable winter and annual precipitation. With increasing spring temperatures, shrikes advanced nesting phenology by 20 days over 6 …
Multi-Scale Models Of Ovarian Cancer, Kimberly Rene Kanigel Winner
Multi-Scale Models Of Ovarian Cancer, Kimberly Rene Kanigel Winner
Biology ETDs
In ovarian cancer, disease and treatment can be examined across multiple spatial scales including molecules, cells, intra-tumor vasculature, and body-scale dynamics of circulating drugs. Survival of primary tumor cells and their development into disseminated tumors is related to adhesion between the cells, attachment, and invasion. Growth of new tumors depends on the delivery of nutrients, which depends on the tumor diameter and the tumors vasculature. Drug delivery also depends on tumor diameter and vasculature, and molecular- and gross-scale drug processes. A cellular Potts simulation integrated data at these multiple scales to model microscopic residual disease during relapse after a primary …
Negative Effects Of Rapid Warming And Drought On Reproductive Dynamics And Population Size Of An Avian Predator In The Arid Southwest, Kirsten Cruz-Mcdonnell
Negative Effects Of Rapid Warming And Drought On Reproductive Dynamics And Population Size Of An Avian Predator In The Arid Southwest, Kirsten Cruz-Mcdonnell
Biology ETDs
Avian communities of arid ecosystems may be particularly vulnerable to global climate change due to the magnitude of model projected change for desert regions and the inherent challenges for species of resource limited ecosystems. How arid zone birds will be affected by rapid increases in air temperature and increased drought frequency and severity is poorly understood. To date, avian responses to climate change have primarily been studied in northern temperate regions in relatively mesic habitats. We studied the effects of increasing air temperature and aridity on a Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia) population in the southwestern USA from 1998-2013. Over 16 …