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Articles 1 - 30 of 39
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Answering The Dam Question: Visitor Perspectives On Removing And Maintaining Dams In Wilderness, William L. Rice, Christopher A. Armatas
Answering The Dam Question: Visitor Perspectives On Removing And Maintaining Dams In Wilderness, William L. Rice, Christopher A. Armatas
Society and Conservation Faculty Publications
Managers of designated wilderness in the United States are challenged by the complex issue of how to address existing dams and water storage. Dams can exist in wilderness, as they are considered a special provision that can provide a variety of benefits to society; however, dams are also considered a potential threat to wilderness character. We review the issue of dams in wilderness, and then present the results from a study in the Rattlesnake Wilderness in Montana where visitor opinions around dam removal or maintenance were assessed. Our aim through this present research is to examine public agreement or disagreement …
A Scoping Literature Review Of Fairness And Equity Engagement In Us River Recreation Allocation Research, Kelsey E. Phillips, William Rice
A Scoping Literature Review Of Fairness And Equity Engagement In Us River Recreation Allocation Research, Kelsey E. Phillips, William Rice
Society and Conservation Faculty Publications
River recreation in protected areas throughout the United States is increasing at a rapid pace, thus increasing stresses on river environments and the agencies that manage them. River recreation use allocation systems have been implemented, often in the form of permitting systems, to reduce impacts and distribute use among recreationists. However, these allocation systems are typically studied in the context of user preference, manager preference, and economic and policy considerations, thus it remains unclear to what degree these studies have addressed the concepts of equity and fairness within these systems. This scoping literature review explores how research on river permit …
Exploring Underserved Communities’ Perspectives On Wilderness Character In Everglades National Park, Elena R. Thomas, Jaclyn F. Rushing, William L. Rice, Jennifer M. Thomsen, Christopher A. Armatas
Exploring Underserved Communities’ Perspectives On Wilderness Character In Everglades National Park, Elena R. Thomas, Jaclyn F. Rushing, William L. Rice, Jennifer M. Thomsen, Christopher A. Armatas
Society and Conservation Faculty Publications
Issues related to diversity, equity, and inclusion are becoming increasingly important to park and protected area managers. Recently, several Executive Orders have established policies and priorities for steering public lands to better serve the diversity of the US public. Certain groups, compared to the US population at large, are underrepresented as visitors to parks and protected areas in the US, including BIPOC communities (Black, Indigenous, and other People of Color), women, people with disabilities, veterans, people with lower socioeconomic status, and the elderly. This disparity in visitation may be even more pronounced in federally designated wilderness areas. We present a …
Constraints To Wilderness Recreation: A Scoping Review Of Existing Research, Elena R. Thomas, William L. Rice, Jaclyn R. Rushing, Jennifer M. Thomsen, Christopher A. Armatas
Constraints To Wilderness Recreation: A Scoping Review Of Existing Research, Elena R. Thomas, William L. Rice, Jaclyn R. Rushing, Jennifer M. Thomsen, Christopher A. Armatas
Society and Conservation Faculty Publications
Considerable research has been conducted on the constraints to recreation that traditionally underrepresented communities in the United States confront; however, there remains a lack of synthesis concerning constraints to visitation to federally designated wilderness areas. This scoping review of the current available literature seeks to reveal what constraints have been identified to visitation to federally designated wilderness in the United States and what groups are experiencing them. Constraints identified include discomfort and safety concerns specific to wilderness settings, cultural expectations, and issues of time, cost, and access. Additionally, constraints are explored with reference to the influence of management actions focused …
Exclusionary Effects Of Campsite Allocation Through Reservations In U.S. National Parks: Evidence From Mobile Device Location Data, William L. Rice, Jaclyn R. Rushing, Jennifer M. Thomsen, Peter Whitney
Exclusionary Effects Of Campsite Allocation Through Reservations In U.S. National Parks: Evidence From Mobile Device Location Data, William L. Rice, Jaclyn R. Rushing, Jennifer M. Thomsen, Peter Whitney
Society and Conservation Faculty Publications
Campsites represent highly-sought-after recreational amenities in the national parks of the United States. Equitable allocation of scarce recreational resources has long been a key management issue in U.S. national parks, but has become increasingly difficult in an era of increasing demand. At present, a growing number of national park campsites are allocated through an online reservation system well-in-advance of a camper’s arrival at a park. Compounding the challenge of allocating these campsites is a long history of exclusivity within national park camping—institutionalized through campground design and predicated on a legacy of the leisure class’s affinity for camping in national parks. …
Distribution Of Visitor Use Management Research In Us Wilderness From 2000 To 2020: A Scoping Review, William L. Rice, Christopher A. Armatas, Jennifer M. Thomsen, Jaclyn R. Rushing
Distribution Of Visitor Use Management Research In Us Wilderness From 2000 To 2020: A Scoping Review, William L. Rice, Christopher A. Armatas, Jennifer M. Thomsen, Jaclyn R. Rushing
Society and Conservation Faculty Publications
Visitor use in wilderness has grown over the past several decades, along with research focused on visitor use management (VUM) in congressionally designated wilderness. This scoping review of research published between 2000 and 2020 explores the distribution and representativeness of wilderness VUM research within the context of (a) the federal land management agencies administering wilderness and (b) the geographic distribution of research. Findings indicate wilderness administered by the Bureau of Land Management and US Fish and Wildlife Service were disproportionately understudied compared to both the total acreage of wilderness and number of wilderness areas administered by the US Forest Service …
Using Google’S Mobility Data To Understand Park Visitation During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Note Of Caution, William Rice, Bing Pan
Using Google’S Mobility Data To Understand Park Visitation During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Note Of Caution, William Rice, Bing Pan
Society and Conservation Faculty Publications
The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically impacted park visitation around the globe. In an effort to un-derstand the factors influencing these changes, nu-merous attempts have been made to use big data to monitor changes in park use (e.g., Venter et al., 2020). Google's Community Mobility Reports repre-sent a dataset with significant potential in this re-gard. Released in April 2020, these reports were gen-erated on the hypothesis that "aggregated, anony-mized data could be helpful [to] make critical deci-sions to combat COVID-19" (Fitzpatrick & DeSalvo, 2020, para. 1). The heading on the reports' website asks browsers to "see how your community is mov-ing …
“On The Staff Of The Grand Canyon”: Assessing Manager And Stakeholder Perspectives On Sustainable Wilderness Visitor Use Management, William L. Rice, Oakes Spivey, Peter Newman, B. Derrick Taff
“On The Staff Of The Grand Canyon”: Assessing Manager And Stakeholder Perspectives On Sustainable Wilderness Visitor Use Management, William L. Rice, Oakes Spivey, Peter Newman, B. Derrick Taff
Society and Conservation Faculty Publications
Overall visitation to Grand Canyon National Park (GRCA) grew 36%, and backcountry overnight visits increased 8% from 2010 to 2019. This research examines how park managers and other key stakeholders, such as park-partner staff, are managing increasing visitation levels. In total, 36 semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted with park managers and other key stakeholders during the summer of 2019. This study aims to inform sustainable visitor use management at GRCA and other wildland protected areas by examining the social, physical, and managerial considerations described by respondents. Results demonstrate both immediate and long-term operational issues and constraints for park management stemming …
The Campers’ Conundrum: Examining Setting’S Influence On Campsite Choice Using Big Data, William L. Rice, Soyoung Park
The Campers’ Conundrum: Examining Setting’S Influence On Campsite Choice Using Big Data, William L. Rice, Soyoung Park
Society and Conservation Faculty Publications
Demand for national park campgrounds has risen at an increasing rate over the last decade (Rice et al., 2019). Additionally, camping is becoming an increasingly sought-after form of tourism accommodation (Craig, 2020). As available campsites become scarcer and booking windows increase, institutional knowledge becomes more important in locating and booking campsites further in advance (Gursoy & Chen, 2012)—thus impacting distributive justice (Shelby et al., 1989). It is thus important to understand how campers reach decisions on the selection of campsites and how attributes of 1) the campsite and 2) the surrounding recreational setting drive this demand. Using campsite reservation data …
Mapping Spatial Dimensions Of Wilderness Recreation Outcomes: A Study Of Overnight Users, Erinn Drage, William L. Rice, Zachary D. Miller, Jennifer N. Newton, Ashley D. D'Antonio, Peter Newman, B. Derrick Taff
Mapping Spatial Dimensions Of Wilderness Recreation Outcomes: A Study Of Overnight Users, Erinn Drage, William L. Rice, Zachary D. Miller, Jennifer N. Newton, Ashley D. D'Antonio, Peter Newman, B. Derrick Taff
Society and Conservation Faculty Publications
Grand Teton National Park (GRTE) is a popular mountain recreation destination which, like many National Park Service (NPS) units, has experienced a significant increase in visitation in recent years, with total visits increasing by 27% between 2014 and 2017 (NPS 2020). Particularly popular within GRTE is the String and Leigh Lakes (SLL) area, which is a favoured alpine destination for numerous day-use recreation activities and also an important starting point for backcountry and overnight recreational users within GRTE’s Recommended Wilderness. To better understand the visitor experience of overnight backcountry recreationists in the SLL area, data were collected using novel public …
Managing Cultural Resources On The Alaska Peninsula, Laura Stelson, William L. Rice, B. Derrick Taff
Managing Cultural Resources On The Alaska Peninsula, Laura Stelson, William L. Rice, B. Derrick Taff
Society and Conservation Faculty Publications
Twentieth-century cultural resources provide physical evidence of human relationships with a landscape that has shaped the wilderness areas we know today. These cultural resources enrich the meaning of an area as wilderness, but also present multiple management challenges surrounding visitor use in designated wilderness areas. The National Geographic Society Katmai Expeditions of the 1910s present a case study of how historic trails and their associated artifacts interact not only with present issues toward the dual-enforcement of the National Historic Preservation Act and Wilderness Act, but also with the management of visitor use along a corridor containing relatively recent traces of …
Changes In Recreational Behaviors Of Outdoor Enthusiasts During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Analysis Across Urban And Rural Communities, William L. Rice, Timothy J. Mateer, Nathan Reigner, Peter Newman, Ben Lawhon, B. Derrick Taff
Changes In Recreational Behaviors Of Outdoor Enthusiasts During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Analysis Across Urban And Rural Communities, William L. Rice, Timothy J. Mateer, Nathan Reigner, Peter Newman, Ben Lawhon, B. Derrick Taff
Society and Conservation Faculty Publications
The COVID-19 pandemic presents not only a global health crisis but has also disrupted the daily lives of people around the world. From a leisure perspective, urban outdoor enthusiasts are one group particularly impacted by the pandemic and the subsequent institutional response. Stay-at-home orders and physical distancing recommendations serve as potential inhibitors to outdoor recreation activities central to the lifestyles and wellbeing of outdoor enthusiasts. In urban areas, where these orders and recommendations are most restrictive, the potential impacts on recreation behavior are most consequential. This study provides an empirical analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on the recreational behaviors …
Meanings And Robustness: Propositions For Enhancing Benefit Sharing In Social-Ecological Systems, Ernita Van Wyk, Charles Breen, Wayne A. Freimund
Meanings And Robustness: Propositions For Enhancing Benefit Sharing In Social-Ecological Systems, Ernita Van Wyk, Charles Breen, Wayne A. Freimund
Society and Conservation Faculty Publications
Given increased pressure on natural resources to deliver benefits, complex trade-offs and the regulation of behaviours in relation to benefits is of key concern. Behaviours that signify resistance to the rules according to which benefits are allocated prompt us to consider causal links and feedbacks between benefits, perceptions of benefits, meanings attached to the benefits, and the regulatory instruments that mediate the distribution of benefits. An understanding of how meanings influence the perception of benefits exposes the complexity inherent in how people perceive and allocate value to natural resource benefits. Meanings are personal, sometimes overlapping, context dependent and variable across …
Tourism And Protected Areas: A Growing Nexus Of Challenge And Opportunity, Stephen F. Mccool, Anna Spenceley
Tourism And Protected Areas: A Growing Nexus Of Challenge And Opportunity, Stephen F. Mccool, Anna Spenceley
Society and Conservation Faculty Publications
Three significant trends are converging with the result of increasing the importance of understanding and managing the nexus of tourism and protected areas. Firstly, international travel and tourism continues to grow significantly, resulting in more people wanting to visit, learn and appreciate their natural and cultural heritage. Secondly, international conservation efforts are increasingly dependent on protected areas serving as the cornerstone of slowing (ideally stopping) the loss of biological diversity. Thirdly, demands from society on protected areas are not only increasing, they are diversifying as well. Increased demand is, in part, the result of a growing human population that competes …
Managing The National Forests Through Place-Based Legislation, Martin Nie, Michael Fiebig
Managing The National Forests Through Place-Based Legislation, Martin Nie, Michael Fiebig
Society and Conservation Faculty Publications
The resolution of multiple use conflicts through place-based (national forest-specific) legislation has recently received increased interest. Most of these proposals combine wilderness designation, restoration objectives, economic development, funding arrangements, and other provisions, in a conservation package to be considered by Congress. Interest in the place-based legislative approach is precipitated by numerous factors, including perceptions of agency gridlock, problems related to forest planning, unresolved roadless and wilderness issues, and the embrace of collaboration. Though the national forests have a more unified governing framework than other federal land systems, the U.S. Forest Service has implemented place-based legislation in a few cases. This …
Threats And Changes Affecting Human Relationships With Wilderness: Implications For Management, William T. Borrie, Robert G. Dvorak, Alan E. Watson
Threats And Changes Affecting Human Relationships With Wilderness: Implications For Management, William T. Borrie, Robert G. Dvorak, Alan E. Watson
Society and Conservation Faculty Publications
For wilderness managers, the ability to recognize threats and changing conditions is vital. While these threats are typically associated with resource and social conditions, they can also be investigated relative to wilderness relationships. This paper explores how threats and changes may be affecting human relationships with wilderness and the possible implications for management. Previously, threats have been conceptualized as affecting ecosystem integrity or stakeholder values. This paper suggests these conceptualizations should be expanded to also consider the meanings and relationships attributed to wilderness. From such a lens, threats such as global climate change, wildland fire, and invasive species can dramatically …
Recreation Visitor Attitudes Towards Management-Ignited Prescribed Fires In The Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex, Montana, William T. Borrie, Katie Knotek, Alan E. Watson, Joshua G. Whitmore, David Turner
Recreation Visitor Attitudes Towards Management-Ignited Prescribed Fires In The Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex, Montana, William T. Borrie, Katie Knotek, Alan E. Watson, Joshua G. Whitmore, David Turner
Society and Conservation Faculty Publications
Research at the Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex in Montana explored differences in recreation visitors’ attitudes towards the use of management-ignited prescribed fires in the wilderness. A mail-back survey of visitors (n = 291) during the 2004 season revealed that over half of visitors would accept prescribed fires in wilderness. This support did not vary by ignition purpose: (a) to restore the natural role of fire or (b) to reduce hazardous fuels and potential for fire escaping to non-wilderness lands. Local visitors, however, were significantly more accepting of prescribed fires than non-local visitors across both ignition purposes. A smaller proportion of …
“Changing Relationships With Wilderness: A New Focus For Research And Stewardship, William T. Borrie, Robert G. Dvorak
“Changing Relationships With Wilderness: A New Focus For Research And Stewardship, William T. Borrie, Robert G. Dvorak
Society and Conservation Faculty Publications
Wilderness managers strive to provide quality recreation experiences. Because of this commitment, a need exists to further incorporate experiential aspects into current planning and management frameworks. This article suggests a focus on relationships with wilderness, moving beyond the examination of single transactions with a setting toward a consideration of the dynamic engagements visitors accumulate with wilderness over time. Understanding these relationships relative to social and cultural change may allow managers to incorporate diverse meanings into management planning and provide better protection of wilderness character
Describing Change In Visitors And Visits To The “Bob”, William T. Borrie, Stephen Mccool
Describing Change In Visitors And Visits To The “Bob”, William T. Borrie, Stephen Mccool
Society and Conservation Faculty Publications
Understanding wilderness use and users is essential to wilderness management. However, there have only been a limited number of studies specifically designed to detect changes in use and user characteristics across time. Recreation use of the U.S. National Wilderness Preservation System (NWPS) has increased since its creation in 1964, along with many other changes in influences on society’s relationship with wilderness. This article describes a series of visitor trend studies at the Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex in Montana, and identifies some of the challenges encountered in estimating long-term use and user trends.
A Look Inside The Dynamics Of Trust: A Guide For Managers, Adam Liljeblad, Alan E. Watson, William T. Borrie
A Look Inside The Dynamics Of Trust: A Guide For Managers, Adam Liljeblad, Alan E. Watson, William T. Borrie
Society and Conservation Faculty Publications
In the United States, federal public land managers are tasked with serving as stewards of land, but also as stewards of the relationships that people have with the land. By assessing the public’s trust in the actions of land managers, insight can be gained into how good of a job managers are doing. This paper outlines a number of factors that influence the public’s trust in managing agencies, and provides suggestions for monitoring the level of trust. The authors suggest that any efforts to increase the public’s trust require the general attentiveness of land managers.
Trust In Wildland Fire And Fuel Management Decisions, William T. Borrie, Adam Liljeblad
Trust In Wildland Fire And Fuel Management Decisions, William T. Borrie, Adam Liljeblad
Society and Conservation Faculty Publications
Public land managers are stewards of public lands and of the relationship between the public and these lands. Maintaining one aspect of this relationship, trust in the agency, can be challenging. Lack of trust can influence public response to management decisions, including about wildland fire use. By considering the factors that influence trust, managers can be more effective in accomplishing fire stewardship objectives.
Wildland Fire Effects On Visits And Visitors To The Bob Marshal Wilderness Complex, William T. Borrie, Stephen Mccool, Joshua G. Whitmore
Wildland Fire Effects On Visits And Visitors To The Bob Marshal Wilderness Complex, William T. Borrie, Stephen Mccool, Joshua G. Whitmore
Society and Conservation Faculty Publications
Wildland fire can affect wilderness visits and scientific efforts to understand visitor relationships with wilderness places. Large-scale and long-lasting fires occurred in the Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex, Montana, in 2003. A study of visitors that year to monitor long-term trends in visit and visitor characteristics was repeated in 2004 to fully understand how the 2003 fires affected trend analysis. This article considers the question of how wildland fire changes the relationship people have with wilderness, particularly related to their visits and visitor attitudes toward fire management.
Public Response To Park And Recreation Funding And Cost-Saving Strategies: The Role Of Organizational Trust And Committment, William T. Borrie, Andrew J. Mowen, Gerard T. Kyle, Alan R. Graefe
Public Response To Park And Recreation Funding And Cost-Saving Strategies: The Role Of Organizational Trust And Committment, William T. Borrie, Andrew J. Mowen, Gerard T. Kyle, Alan R. Graefe
Society and Conservation Faculty Publications
Historically, public park and recreation services have been funded through general funds and appropriations, with minimal amounts derived from non-tax revenue sources. The fiscal conservative movement, however, has spawned an expansion of nontax revenues and cost saving strategies. Th is study examines the level of citizen support for a variety of funding and cost-saving strategies for park and recreation agencies in a metropolitan region, and the factors related to citizens’ opinions about such strategies. Data were collected through a mail survey of adult residents of the Harrisburg, Pennsylvania region. A total of 578 questionnaires were completed. Results showed that funding …
Exploring The Usefulness Of The Dispositional Flow Scale For Outdoor Recreation Activities, Joshua G. Whitmore, William T. Borrie
Exploring The Usefulness Of The Dispositional Flow Scale For Outdoor Recreation Activities, Joshua G. Whitmore, William T. Borrie
Society and Conservation Faculty Publications
The Dispositional Flow Scale (DFS), developed by Jackson et al. (1998), measures an individual’s dispositional tendency to experience flow, a psychological state of optimal experience originally conceptualized by Csikszentmihalyi in 1975. The DFS, developed in the realm of sports psychology, has primarily been used with participants of urban sports settings, such as: football, running, or tennis. This study explores the validity and reliability of applying the DFS to outdoor recreation activities. A stratified sample of 406 visitors to the Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex in Montana was contacted during the summer of 2004. A survey response rate of 74 percent was …
Monitoring The Relationship Between The Public And Public Lands: Application To Wilderness Stewardship In The U.S., Alan E. Watson, William T. Borrie
Monitoring The Relationship Between The Public And Public Lands: Application To Wilderness Stewardship In The U.S., Alan E. Watson, William T. Borrie
Society and Conservation Faculty Publications
Stakeholders in wilderness, and other public lands, have varying opinions on how well the land management agencies reflect their values and respond to their needs in management, and they therefore vary in their level of commitment and attachment to these places and the activities that occur there. Establishing baseline measures and monitoring indicators of the relationship between the public and wilderness lands can provide efficient evaluations of many management activities. Examples include protection of traditional relationships for indigenous people, and the enhancement and protection of relationships between the resource and both local and distant populations of stakeholders.
Most social science …
Assessing The Accuracy Of Respondents Reports Of The Location Of Their Home Relative To A National Forest Boundary And Forest Cover, John D. Baldridge, James T. Sylveste, William T. Borrie
Assessing The Accuracy Of Respondents Reports Of The Location Of Their Home Relative To A National Forest Boundary And Forest Cover, John D. Baldridge, James T. Sylveste, William T. Borrie
Society and Conservation Faculty Publications
This paper assesses the accuracy of responses to a question that asks the location of respondents’ homes relative to a National Forest boundary. The analysis also assesses the accuracy of respondent reports on forest cover in the area surrounding their home. We find non-ignorable error in the responses to both questions. The remainder of this paper is divided into three sections. First, the methods used for this study are described as are limitations of the study. Second, we illustrate the study’s results. Finally, we discuss our results and conclusions.
Why Primitive Experiences In Wilderness?, William T. Borrie
Why Primitive Experiences In Wilderness?, William T. Borrie
Society and Conservation Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Effective Recreation Visitor Communication Strategies: Rock Climbers In The Bitterroot Valley, Montana, William T. Borrie, James A. Harding
Effective Recreation Visitor Communication Strategies: Rock Climbers In The Bitterroot Valley, Montana, William T. Borrie, James A. Harding
Society and Conservation Faculty Publications
A four-stage model o f decisionmaking was investigated in the context o f low-impact practices among rock climbers in the Bitterroot Valley o f Montana. Previous research has suggested that knowing what to do to minimize environmental and social impacts m ay not be the only factor limiting compliance with recommended visitor behaviors. Results from a sample o f climbers at Kootenai Creek indicate that the way people are introduced to the sport has an important influence on attitudes toward low-impact practices. Significant differences were found between those who learned to rock climb indoors and those who learned to rock …
Public Purpose Recreation Marketing: A Focus On The Relationships Between The Public And Public Lands, William T. Borrie, Neal A. Christensen, Alan E. Watson, Theron A. Miller, Daniel Mccollum
Public Purpose Recreation Marketing: A Focus On The Relationships Between The Public And Public Lands, William T. Borrie, Neal A. Christensen, Alan E. Watson, Theron A. Miller, Daniel Mccollum
Society and Conservation Faculty Publications
Marketing has long had a place in the planning and management of public sector recreation. In particular, the use of market segmentation has allowed leisure providers to better understand their clients’ needs and to tailor their services to the diversity of those needs. However, the use of marketing approaches is not without controversy and is sometimes perceived to be at odds with the public service or stewardship mandates often associated with recreation management. We suggest that wholesale adoption of basic marketing principles (such as the notion of giving people exactly what they want at a great price) may be inappropriate. …
Assessing The Relationship Between Desired Experiences And Support For Management Actions At Yellowstone National Park Using Multiple Methods, William T. Borrie, Mae .. Davenport, Wayne A. Freimund, Robert E. Manning
Assessing The Relationship Between Desired Experiences And Support For Management Actions At Yellowstone National Park Using Multiple Methods, William T. Borrie, Mae .. Davenport, Wayne A. Freimund, Robert E. Manning
Society and Conservation Faculty Publications
The nature of recreation and resource management issues related to the winter season in Yellowstone National Park requires a holistic approach in understanding visitor preferences, perceptions, and support for management actions. A dramatic increase in winter visitation over the past three decades and intense controversy related to bison management in the park have posed difficult challenges to managers. Specific questions such as what do visitors want out of their experience and how do visitors perceive management initiatives are central to these challenges. A multiple methods approach, one quantitative and one qualitative, was employed to gain more depth and breadth in …