Digital Commons Network^™

Nonsexual Transmission Of Anogenital Warts In Children: A Retrospective Analysis, Valerie Jones, Shawn J. Smith, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The purpose was to evaluate the prevalence of sexual abuse in patients who were referred to a pediatric gynecologist for evaluation based on the clinical findings of anogenital warts. A retrospective analysis was performed on 131 patients between the ages 6 month and 9 years referred to a pediatric gynecologist after the finding of anogenital warts by a clinical provider, parent or caregiver. A complete physical examination under colposcopy by a the same, trained pediatric gynecologist was completed, and a complete medical and family history including maternal and sibling history for evidence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and anogenital warts. The …

Membranous Dysmenorrhea: A Case Series, Hatim A. Omar, Shawn J. Smith

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The purpose was to illustrate the variability of hormonal contraception of patients that presented with membranous dysmenorrheal. A case analysis chart review was completed on six patients referred to a Pediatric Gynecologist in an academic setting. In each case the patient underwent a thorough pelvic and bimanual exam. Following the initial presentation, each patient continued to be followed on a regular visits. Cases: Two were using the transdermal contraceptive patch and oral contraceptive, but following the expulsion of decidual cast, they were both placed on depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) without further complications. Three of the six cases were on DMPA …

Understanding Barriers For Adherence To Follow-Up Care For Abnormal Pap Tests, Katherine S. Eggleston, Ann L. Coker, Irene Prabhu Das, Suzanne T. Cordray, Kathryn J. Luchok

CRVAW Faculty Journal Articles

Objective: Approximately 4000 women annually will die from preventable and treatable cervical cancer. Failure to adhere to follow-up recommendations after an abnormal Pap test can lead to development of cervical cancer. This paper summarizes the body of literature on adherence to follow-up after an abnormal Pap test in order to facilitate development of interventions

to decrease morbidity and mortality due to cervical cancer.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of published literature addressing risk factors for adherence or interventions to improve adherence following an abnormal Pap test as the outcome. We included peer-reviewed original research conducted in the …

Chemotherapy And Survival For Patients With Multiple Myeloma: Findings From A Large Nationwide And Population-Based Cohort, Nidhi Rohatgi, Xianglin L. Du, Ann L. Coker, Lemuel L. Moye, Michael Wang, Shenying Fang

CRVAW Faculty Journal Articles

Objective: To assess the patterns of chemotherapy use for patients with multiple myeloma and to determine if chemotherapy is effective in prolonging survival outside the clinical trial settings.

Methods: We studied a nationwide and population-based retrospective cohort of 4902 patients ≥65 years of age with stage II or III multiple myeloma from 1992 to 1999, identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results-Medicare data. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio of receiving chemotherapy and Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratio of mortality associated with chemotherapy.

Results: Of 4902 patients with stage II …

The Epidemiology And Economics Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, David M. Mannino, S. Braman

David M. Mannino

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable disease responsible for a large human and economic burden around the world. Cigarette smoking is the main risk factor for COPD in the developed world, although other important risk factors include occupational exposures, air pollution, airway hyperresponsiveness, asthma, and genetic predisposition. In most of the world, COPD prevalence and mortality continue to rise in response to increases in smoking, particularly by women and adolescents. COPD is also an important cause of disability, and is linked to comorbid diseases, such as depression and cardiovascular disease, which adds to the large economic …

Defective Dna Base Excision Repair In Brain From Individuals With Alzheimer's Disease And Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment, Lior Weissman, Dong-Gyu Jo, Martin M. Sørensen, Nadja C. De Souza-Pinto, William R. Markesbery, Mark P. Mattson, Vilhelm A. Bohr

Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Faculty Publications

Oxidative stress is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and increased oxidative DNA damage has been observed in brain tissue from AD patients. Base excision repair (BER) is the primary DNA repair pathway for small base modifications such as alkylation, deamination and oxidation. In this study, we have investigated alterations in the BER capacity in brains of AD patients. We employed a set of functional assays to measure BER activities in brain tissue from short post-mortem interval autopsies of 10 sporadic AD patients and 10 age-matched controls. BER activities were also measured in brain …

Energizing Mirna Research: A Review Of The Role Of Mirnas In Lipid Metabolism, With A Prediction That Mir-103/107 Regulates Human Metabolic Pathways, Bernard R. Wilfred, Wang-Xia Wang, Peter T. Nelson

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are powerful regulators of gene expression. Although first discovered in worm larvae, miRNAs play fundamental biological roles-including in humans-well beyond development. MiRNAs participate in the regulation of metabolism (including lipid metabolism) for all animal species studied. A review of the fascinating and fast-growing literature on miRNA regulation of metabolism can be parsed into three main categories: (1) adipocyte biochemistry and cell fate determination; (2) regulation of metabolic biochemistry in invertebrates; and (3) regulation of metabolic biochemistry in mammals. Most research into the 'function' of a given miRNA in metabolic pathways has concentrated on a given miRNA acting upon …

Copd And Lung Cancer Have Come A Long Way...Baby, David M. Mannino

David M. Mannino

Comment on

The growing burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer in women: examining sex differences in cigarette smoke metabolism.

http://www.atsjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1164/rccm.200704-590ED

Neuropathological Findings Processed By Artificial Neural Networks (Anns) Can Perfectly Distinguish Alzheimer's Patients From Controls In The Nun Study, Enzo Grossi, Massimo P. Buscema, David Snowdon, Piero Antuono

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Many reports have described that there are fewer differences in AD brain neuropathologic lesions between AD patients and control subjects aged 80 years and older, as compared with the considerable differences between younger persons with AD and controls. In fact some investigators have suggested that since neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) can be identified in the brains of non-demented elderly subjects they should be considered as a consequence of the aging process. At present, there are no universally accepted neuropathological criteria which can mathematically differentiate AD from healthy brain in the oldest old. The aim of this study is to discover …

Azithromycin In The Extremely Low Birth Weight Infant For The Prevention Of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Pilot Study, Hubert O. Ballard, Michael I. Anstead, Lori A. Shook

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Azithromycin reduces the severity of illness in patients with inflammatory lung disease such as cystic fibrosis and diffuse panbronchiolitis. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a pulmonary disorder which causes significant morbidity and mortality in premature infants. BPD is pathologically characterized by inflammation, fibrosis and impaired alveolar development. The purpose of this study was to obtain pilot data on the effectiveness and safety of prophylactic azithromycin in reducing the incidence and severity of BPD in an extremely low birth weight (< or = 1000 grams) population.

METHODS: Infants < or = 1000 g birth weight admitted to the University of Kentucky Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (level III, regional referral center) from 9/1/02-6/30/03 were eligible for this pilot study. The pilot study was double-blinded, randomized, and placebo-controlled. Infants were randomized to treatment or placebo within 12 hours of beginning mechanical ventilation (IMV) and within 72 hours of birth. The treatment group received azithromycin 10 mg/kg/day for 7 days followed by 5 mg/kg/day for the duration of the study. Azithromycin or placebo was continued until the infant no longer required IMV or supplemental oxygen, to a maximum of 6 weeks. Primary endpoints were incidence of BPD as defined by oxygen requirement at 36 weeks gestation, post-natal steroid use, days of IMV, and mortality. Data was analyzed by intention to treat using Chi-square and ANOVA.

RESULTS: A total of 43 extremely premature infants were enrolled in this pilot study. Mean gestational age and …

Adherence To Recommendations For Follow-Up To Abnormal Pap Tests, Katherine S. Eggleston, Ann L. Coker, Kathryn J. Luchok, Tamra E. Meyer

CRVAW Faculty Journal Articles

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether timely adherence rates differ by race among women with abnormal Pap tests participating in a cost-free or reduced-cost program.

METHODS: Eligible subjects included women aged 47-64 years who received a referral for follow-up care after an abnormal Pap test from 1999 to 2002 in South Carolina (n=330). Adherence was measured as days to receipt of follow-up care after an abnormal Pap test. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to estimate risk factors associated with time to adherence within 60 and 365 days by race.

RESULTS: African-American and non-Hispanic white women had similar adherence to follow-up. Among …

Chronic Disease Prevention In Adolescence, Hatim A. Omar, Joav Merrick

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Sociodemographic Characteristics And Diabetes Predict Invalid Self-Reported Non-Smoking In A Population-Based Study Of U.S. Adults, Monica A. Fisher, George W. Taylor, Brent J. Shelton, Sara M. Debanne

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Nearly all studies reporting smoking status collect self-reported data. The objective of this study was to assess sociodemographic characteristics and selected, common smoking-related diseases as predictors of invalid reporting of non-smoking. Valid self-reported smoking may be related to the degree to which smoking is a behavior that is not tolerated by the smoker's social group.

METHODS: True smoking was defined as having serum cotinine of 15+ng/ml. 1483 "true" smokers 45+ years of age with self-reported smoking and serum cotinine data from the Mobile Examination Center were identified in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Invalid non-smoking was …

Avoiding Bias In The Annualized Rate Of Changed Of Fev1, David M. Mannino, Matthew M. Reichert, Kourtney J. Davis

David M. Mannino

No abstract provided.

Adrb2 Arg16gly Polymorphism, Lung Function, And Mortality: Results From The Atherosclerosis Risk In Community Study, Jill M. Ferdinands, David M. Mannino, Marta L. Gwinn, Molly S. Bray

David M. Mannino

Background

Growing evidence suggests that the Arg16Arg genotype of the beta-2 adrenergic receptor gene may be associated with adverse effects of beta-agonist therapy. We sought to examine the association of beta-agonist use and the Arg16Gly polymorphism with lung function and mortality among participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.

Methodology and Principal Findings

We genotyped study participants and analyzed the association of the Arg16Gly polymorphism and beta-agonist use with lung function at baseline and clinical examination three years later and with all-cause mortality during 10 years of follow-up. Lung function was characterized by percent-predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 …

Teenage Pregnancy: Impact Of The Integral Attention Given To The Pregnant Teenager And Adolescent Mother As A Protective Factor For Repeat Pregnancy, Maria José Carvalho Sant'anna, Kepler Alencar Mendes Carvalho, Amanda Melhado, Verônica Coates, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the integral attention to the health of pregnant adolescents and adolescent mothers, having follow-up from the Integral Support Program for the Pregnant Teen (ISPPT), with the intention to determine quality of life and prevent repeat pregnancy. A prospective study comprised 85 adolescents attended by the ISPPT between January 2002 and June 2006 who participated in meetings during pregnancy with a multidisciplinary team that provided orientation concerning family planning, self-esteem, pregnancy prevention, motivation to continue education and/or work, and evaluate the postpartum mother-child relationship. The following were analyzed: education level, …

The Association Of Lung Cancer Mortality With Income And Education In Kentucky Counties, David A. Gross

Center of Excellence in Rural Health Presentations

Lung cancer, the primary cause of cancer death in the United States, is particularly problematic in Kentucky, which has the nation’s highest rate of adult smokers. In fact, each Kentucky county exceeds the national rate for per capita lung cancer deaths. This project analyzes the relationships between lung cancer deaths, high school graduation rates, per capita personal income and adult smoking – and whether statistically significant differences exist among the variables between Kentucky’s Appalachian and non-Appalachian counties.