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Flowering Of Spring-Planted Greens, Elizabeth Maynard, Marian M. Rodriguez-Soto, Rebecca Koetz Mar 2024

Flowering Of Spring-Planted Greens, Elizabeth Maynard, Marian M. Rodriguez-Soto, Rebecca Koetz

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

Greens for salad or cooking are a significant part of the spring crop mix sold at Indiana farmers' markets. The harvest period for many spring-planted greens is shortened because they flower in response to environmental conditions. This paper reports on flowering response of two varieties of arugula, collards, mizuna, two types of mustard, and shungiku, planted in mid-April through May in northern Indiana.


High Tunnel Bell Pepper Spacing Trial, Bronwyn Aly Mar 2024

High Tunnel Bell Pepper Spacing Trial, Bronwyn Aly

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

The objective of this trial is to determine an optimum spacing for bell peppers grown in a high tunnel production system. Six different spacing treatments were evaluated in this trial. Results from this study suggest that tighter plant spacing increased yield per unit area (100 feet of linear row) but decreased the yield per plant.


Autonomous Roadside Mower Testing And Evaluation In Digital Twin Environments, Michael Mardikes, Ethan Brown, Timothy Wiegman, Nathan Sprague, Shreyas Supe, J. T. Evans Mar 2024

Autonomous Roadside Mower Testing And Evaluation In Digital Twin Environments, Michael Mardikes, Ethan Brown, Timothy Wiegman, Nathan Sprague, Shreyas Supe, J. T. Evans

Graduate Industrial Research Symposium

Modern day roadside mowing operations in Indiana are performed by contractors operating tractors that pull flex-wing mowers. These mowing operations span over 11,000 miles of road across the state and create serious risk for human operators. Autonomous mowers can provide a safer alternative, but a replacement system must demonstrate an acceptable level of trust before large-scale deployment. A high-fidelity digital-twin environment can facilitate the capability to rapidly test and evaluate platforms in their desired application, while enabling zero real-world risk, a wide range of test variables, and repeatability of a test setup. The simulation environment must be at a level …


Geospatial Analysis Of Agricultural Potential In The United States, Diana Febrita Mar 2024

Geospatial Analysis Of Agricultural Potential In The United States, Diana Febrita

Graduate Industrial Research Symposium

Traditionally, the agriculture sector is responsible for providing food and crop products. However, the role of agriculture has expanded beyond its traditional function. It is the main sector that contributes to the provision of food, income, employment, environmental protection, and local economic development. Reflecting on the roles of agriculture, understanding the potential of agriculture in the United States is crucial to discovering the prospects and challenges. This study will briefly discuss the agricultural potential in the United States based on the five assets, including natural capital, financial capital, human capital, physical capital, and social capital. To identify the states with …


Modelling The "Bottom-Up" Development Pattern Of Tar Spot Disease In Corn, Brenden Lane, Joaquín Guillermo Ramírez-Gil, Carlos Góngora-Canul, Mariela Sofia Fernandez Campos, Andres Cruz-Sancan, Fidel E. Jiménez-Beitia, Alex G. Acosta-Guatemal, Wily Sic, C. D. Cruz Mar 2024

Modelling The "Bottom-Up" Development Pattern Of Tar Spot Disease In Corn, Brenden Lane, Joaquín Guillermo Ramírez-Gil, Carlos Góngora-Canul, Mariela Sofia Fernandez Campos, Andres Cruz-Sancan, Fidel E. Jiménez-Beitia, Alex G. Acosta-Guatemal, Wily Sic, C. D. Cruz

Graduate Industrial Research Symposium

In 2015, the corn-infecting pathogen Phyllachora maydis (causal agent of tar spot disease) was reported for the first time in the United States. The disease has since spread across the US, causing major yield losses. In 2021 alone, 5.88 million metric tons (231.3 million bushels) of US corn yield were lost to this disease, costing an estimated US$1.25 billion. Though fungicides can protect against these agroeconomic losses, application timing can be difficult to optimize because our understanding of tar spot dynamics is still evolving. The current view is that tar spot typically develops bottom-up through a repeating infection cycle. Because …


Evaluating The Environmental Impacts Of U.S. Historical Oil Spill Incidents, Yiming Liu, Hua Cai Mar 2024

Evaluating The Environmental Impacts Of U.S. Historical Oil Spill Incidents, Yiming Liu, Hua Cai

Graduate Industrial Research Symposium

Exposure to risks associated with the production and usage of products, particularly oil, poses significant threats to both ecological systems and human health. Notable examples include the Gulf War Oil Spill (1991) and the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill (2010). However, numerous smaller-scale oil spills, which collectively contribute to substantial oil releases, often remain overlooked. To fill this gap, our study first developed a detailed oil spill incidents database, covering 1967 to 2023. We quantified the released amount (RA) of oil spills recorded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Subsequently, we utilized life cycle impact indicators in ReCiPe to …


Dining Out Behavior In China And The Implications In The Post-Covid-19 Era, Ji Yong Kwon Jan 2024

Dining Out Behavior In China And The Implications In The Post-Covid-19 Era, Ji Yong Kwon

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

No abstract provided.


High Tunnel Broccoli Cultivar Evaluations, Lewis Jett Jan 2024

High Tunnel Broccoli Cultivar Evaluations, Lewis Jett

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

Broccoli is a potentially profitable crop for high tunnel production. Updated information on yield and quality of new cultivars is important for producers making planting decisions. This evaluation of 11 cultivars was conducted within a high tunnel in Fall 2023.


2023 Evaluation Of Pumpkin Cultivars In West Virginia, Lewis Jett Jan 2024

2023 Evaluation Of Pumpkin Cultivars In West Virginia, Lewis Jett

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

Pumpkins are a popular, commercial vegetable crop in West Virginia. Each year, many new hybrid cultivars are released by commercial seed companies. In 2023, we trialed 16 cultivars. Pumpkins were grown using conventional tillage, and each cultivar was replicated 4 times. ‘Griffin’ ‘Justify’, ‘Hawk’, ‘Bellatrix’ and ‘Hermes’ produced high yields with both fruit count and average weight per pumpkin.


Implementing Integrated Stem Forensic And Soil Sciences Lab Activities To Promote Interest In Stem Careers, Mariah K. Stollar Awan, Caroline J. Rakowski Jan 2024

Implementing Integrated Stem Forensic And Soil Sciences Lab Activities To Promote Interest In Stem Careers, Mariah K. Stollar Awan, Caroline J. Rakowski

Indiana STEM Education Conference

We implemented forensic and soil science integrated STEM lab activities with 11 middle school youth at a 4-H day camp at Purdue University. STEM perceived knowledge increased overall for participants. However, the pre- and post-assessments did not show a statistically significant difference. More students also indicated STEM career interest after participating. Because this study was exploratory and had a small sample size, more research on these integrated STEM lab activities should be conducted with larger samples.


Colored Sweet Bell And Tapered Pepper Cultivar Evaluation For High Tunnel Production In West-Central Indiana, 2023, Petrus Langenhoven, Dennis Gustavo Toc Mo Dec 2023

Colored Sweet Bell And Tapered Pepper Cultivar Evaluation For High Tunnel Production In West-Central Indiana, 2023, Petrus Langenhoven, Dennis Gustavo Toc Mo

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

Colored sweet bell-shaped and tapered pepper is a summer crop that is grown by many small and medium-sized farming operations in Indiana. Growers can choose to grow peppers out in the field or plant them under a protective structure. Sweet peppers, in particular, benefit from the unique growing environment created by a high tunnel. Planting of peppers can start at least 2-4 weeks earlier in the spring, and production can continue into the fall until the first hard freeze. Pepper variety performance data for Indiana is not readily available. We are working hard to change that. To date, we have …


Evaluation Of 13 Round Tomato Cultivars In Southwest Michigan In 2023, Ben Phillips, Jenny Schoonmaker Dec 2023

Evaluation Of 13 Round Tomato Cultivars In Southwest Michigan In 2023, Ben Phillips, Jenny Schoonmaker

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

A round tomato cultivar trial was planted at the Southwest Michigan Research and Extension Center (42.081985, -86.354087, Benton Harbor, Michigan). Bejo (BJ), Enza Zaden (EZ), Seminis (SM), Sakata (SK), and Seedway (SW) seed companies donated round tomato cultivars for plastic-mulch bedded and trellised hand harvest. Overall trial quality was excellent, despite a dry start that brought in insects, and hard rains that flared bacterial diseases.


Evaluation Of Five Roma Tomato Cultivars In Southwest Michigan In 2023, Ben Phillips, Jenny Schoonmaker Dec 2023

Evaluation Of Five Roma Tomato Cultivars In Southwest Michigan In 2023, Ben Phillips, Jenny Schoonmaker

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

A Roma tomato cultivar trial was planted at the Southwest Michigan Research and Extension Center (42.081985, -86.354087, Benton Harbor, Michigan). HM Claus (HM), PanAmerican (PA), and Sakata (SK) seed companies donated five Roma tomato cultivars for plastic-mulch bedded and trellised hand harvest. Overall trial quality was excellent, despite a dry start that brought in insects, and hard rains that flared bacterial diseases.


Evaluation Of 23 Pickling Cucumber Cultivars For Machine Harvest In Southwest Michigan In 2023, Ben Phillips, Jenny Schoonmaker Dec 2023

Evaluation Of 23 Pickling Cucumber Cultivars For Machine Harvest In Southwest Michigan In 2023, Ben Phillips, Jenny Schoonmaker

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

A pickling cucumber cultivar trial was planted at the Southwest Michigan Research and Extension Center (42.088261, -86.351980, Benton Harbor, Michigan). Bejo (BJ), Nunhems (NU), Rijk Zwaan (RZ), and US AgriSeed (UA) seed companies donated parthenocarpic (seedless) cultivars for mechanical once-over harvest. Overall trial quality was good despite a droughty start, though picking could have started sooner.


Evaluation Of 11 Broccoli Cultivars For Summer Harvest In Southwest Michigan In 2023, Ben Phillips, Leah Freeman Dec 2023

Evaluation Of 11 Broccoli Cultivars For Summer Harvest In Southwest Michigan In 2023, Ben Phillips, Leah Freeman

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

A broccoli cultivar trial was planted at the Southwest Michigan Research and Extension Center (42.081985, -86.354087, Benton Harbor, Michigan). Bejo (BJ), Clifton (CL), Sakata (SK), and Tozer (TZ) seed companies donated 11 broccoli cultivars for plastic-mulch bedded hand harvest. The trial quality was good for collecting data on stressed plants. A dry start and cabbage maggot attack reduced stand with replacement plants lagging behind, and heat around head formation created a high proportion of non-marketable heads.


Evaluation Of Five Cauliflower Cultivars For Summer Harvest In Southwest Michigan In 2023, Ben Phillips, Leah Freeman Dec 2023

Evaluation Of Five Cauliflower Cultivars For Summer Harvest In Southwest Michigan In 2023, Ben Phillips, Leah Freeman

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

A cauliflower cultivar trial was planted at the Southwest Michigan Research and Extension Center (42.081985, -86.354087, Benton Harbor, Michigan). Bejo (BJ), Clifton (CL), Sakata (SK), and Tozer (TZ) seed companies donated five cauliflower cultivars for plastic-mulch bedded hand harvest. The trial quality was good for collecting data on stressed plants. A dry start and cabbage maggot attack reduced stand with replacement plants lagging behind, and heat around head formation created a high proportion of non-marketable heads.


Evaluation Of Six Slicing Cucumber Cultivars In Southwest Michigan In 2023, Ben Phillips, Jenny Schoonmaker Dec 2023

Evaluation Of Six Slicing Cucumber Cultivars In Southwest Michigan In 2023, Ben Phillips, Jenny Schoonmaker

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

A slicing cucumber cultivar trial was planted at the Southwest Michigan Research and Extension Center (42.081985, -86.354087, Benton Harbor, Michigan). Clifton (CL), Seedway (SW), Seminis (SM), and Syngenta (SY) seed companies donated five slicing cucumber cultivars for plastic-mulch bedded hand harvest. The trial quality was OK, with a dry start that created an uneven stand, and some deer browse.


2023 Standard-Sized Seedless Watermelon Cultivar Evaluation In Indiana, Wenjing Guan, Dennis Nowaskie Nov 2023

2023 Standard-Sized Seedless Watermelon Cultivar Evaluation In Indiana, Wenjing Guan, Dennis Nowaskie

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

The annual watermelon cultivar evaluation trial is conducted at Southwest Purdue Agricultural Center (SWPAC), in Vincennes, Indiana. The trial evaluates yield, fruit quality, and overall plant performance of commercial watermelon cultivars and advanced breeding lines. The trial is financially supported by Purdue Extension and seed companies. The 2023 standard-sized triploid watermelon cultivar trial had 35 cultivars, including six with solid dark-green rind patterns, and one with a solid light-green rind pattern.


2023 Seeded Watermelon Cultivar Evaluation In Indiana, Wenjing Guan, Dennis Nowaskie Nov 2023

2023 Seeded Watermelon Cultivar Evaluation In Indiana, Wenjing Guan, Dennis Nowaskie

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

Watermelons grown in Indiana are primarily red flesh seedless, and a small portion of personal-sized red flesh seedless. Seeded watermelons are typically not grown in large acreages, but they may be used as pollenizer plants for growing seedless watermelons. The 2023 seeded watermelon cultivar trial included 15 seeded watermelon cultivars.


2023 Cantaloupe Cultivar Evaluation In Indiana, Wenjing Guan, Dennis Nowaskie Nov 2023

2023 Cantaloupe Cultivar Evaluation In Indiana, Wenjing Guan, Dennis Nowaskie

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

Traditionally, eastern-type cantaloupe is produced in Indiana. Longer shelf-life cultivars were developed and have been grown in Indiana. This report includes 11 cantaloupe cultivars, including some newly developed ones.


2023 Personal-Sized Seedless Watermelon Cultivar Evaluation In Indiana, Wenjing Guan, Dennis Nowaskie Nov 2023

2023 Personal-Sized Seedless Watermelon Cultivar Evaluation In Indiana, Wenjing Guan, Dennis Nowaskie

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

Indiana ranks sixth in watermelon production in the U.S., following Florida, Georgia, Texas, California, and North Carolina in 2022. A total of 7,000 acres of watermelons were planted, with a production value of $71 million (USDA, 2023). Watermelons grown in Indiana are primarily red flesh seedless, and around 10% are personal-sized seedless watermelons (6-8 lbs).


Different Stages Of Urbanization Lead To Cropland Loss: Geospatial Data Analysis In A Global Rural-Urban Continuum Perspective, Xiyu Li, Le Yu Oct 2023

Different Stages Of Urbanization Lead To Cropland Loss: Geospatial Data Analysis In A Global Rural-Urban Continuum Perspective, Xiyu Li, Le Yu

I-GUIDE Forum

Rapid urbanization has resulted in widespread loss of cropland, but the spatial-temporal patterns and key stages of this transformation have not been clearly understood. In this study, we mapped cropland loss caused by urban expansion in rural-urban continuum since 2000 based on multiple global land maps. Results show a total 3.35 × 106 ha cropland loss resulting from urban expansion and about 70 % of this land use change occurred in Asia. However, there is a trend of reducing cropland loss area caused by urbanization over the years. In a detailed view of urbanization stages, most cropland losses occurred …


A Decision Aid To Help Farmers Find The Minimum Cost Fertilizer Combination, Gregory Ibendahl Sep 2023

A Decision Aid To Help Farmers Find The Minimum Cost Fertilizer Combination, Gregory Ibendahl

Journal of Applied Farm Economics

Fertilizer recommendations are typically given as the pounds of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium needed per acre. Many crop budgets also list the fertilizer costs in terms of the N, P, and K. This can cause a problem for farmers as they must purchase their fertilizer in products that in some cases contain multiple nutrients. These multinutrient fertilizers make it difficult or impossible to calculate a price per unit of a nutrient. Thus, finding the minimum cost fertilizer combination by using a price per nutrient approach may not work. This paper shows how a linear programming approach will always give the …


Why Agriculture Productivity Falls: The Political Economy Of Agrarian Transition In Developing Countries, Rashed Al Mahmud Titumir Jun 2023

Why Agriculture Productivity Falls: The Political Economy Of Agrarian Transition In Developing Countries, Rashed Al Mahmud Titumir

Purdue University Press Books

Why Agriculture Productivity Falls: The Political Economy of Agrarian Transition in Developing Countries offers a new explanation for the decline in agricultural productivity in developing countries. Transcending the conventional approaches to understanding productivity using agricultural inputs and factors of production, this work brings in the role of formal and informal institutions that govern transactions, property rights, and accumulation. This more robust methodology leads to a comprehensive, well-balanced lens to perceive agrarian transition in developing countries. It argues that the existing process of accumulation has resulted in nonsustainable agriculture because of market failures—the result of asymmetries of power, diseconomies of scale, …


Chile Pepper Variety Evaluation And Profitability Analysis At Three Farms In Minnesota And Wisconsin, 2022, Natalie Hoidal, Charlie Rohwer, Ryan Pesch, Rodrigo Cala, Javier García, Griselda Bernabe Suarez, Fernando Alejandro García Loyo Apr 2023

Chile Pepper Variety Evaluation And Profitability Analysis At Three Farms In Minnesota And Wisconsin, 2022, Natalie Hoidal, Charlie Rohwer, Ryan Pesch, Rodrigo Cala, Javier García, Griselda Bernabe Suarez, Fernando Alejandro García Loyo

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

Latino fresh market vegetable farmers in Minnesota and Wisconsin are interested in growing hot peppers for local markets, both for fresh and dried pepper sales. This variety trial is the third and final trial of a 3 year project. We trialed 14 varieties of peppers representing jalapeño, serrano, habanero, poblano, and “other” types. The varieties included the top varieties from 2020 and 2021, alongside new varieties. We measured yield, fruit size, and Scoville heat units. In addition to the variety trial, we conducted an enterprise analysis to determine the profitability of hot pepper production in the Upper Midwest.


Evaluación Y Rentabilidad De Variedades De Chile En Tres Granjas De Minnesota Y Wisconsin, 2022, Natalie Hoidal, Charlie Rohwer, Ryan Pesch, Rodrigo Cala, Javier García, Griselda Bernabe Suarez, Fernando Alejandro García Loyo Apr 2023

Evaluación Y Rentabilidad De Variedades De Chile En Tres Granjas De Minnesota Y Wisconsin, 2022, Natalie Hoidal, Charlie Rohwer, Ryan Pesch, Rodrigo Cala, Javier García, Griselda Bernabe Suarez, Fernando Alejandro García Loyo

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

Los agricultores latinos de hortalizas frescas de Minnesota y Wisconsin están interesados en cultivar chiles picantes tanto frescos como deshidratados para su venta en mercados locales. Este ensayo de variedades es el tercero y último de un proyecto de tres años de duración. El ensayo incluyo 14 variedades de chile incluyendo jalapeño, serrano, habanero, poblano y "otros" tipos. Las variedades incluyeron las mejores variedades de 2020 y 2021 junto con nuevas variedades. Calculamos el rendimiento, tamaño y las unidades Scoville. Además del ensayo de variedades, realizamos un análisis empresarial para determinar la rentabilidad de la producción de chiles picantes en …


The Next-Gen Crop Nutrient Stress Identification With High-Precision Sensing Technology In Digital Agriculture, Zhihang Song, Ziling Chen, Xing Wei, Jian Jin Mar 2023

The Next-Gen Crop Nutrient Stress Identification With High-Precision Sensing Technology In Digital Agriculture, Zhihang Song, Ziling Chen, Xing Wei, Jian Jin

Graduate Industrial Research Symposium

Crop yields are facing significant losses from nutrient deficiencies. Over-fertilizing also has negative economic and environmental impacts. It is challenging to optimize fertilizing without an accurate diagnosis. Recently, plant phenotyping has demonstrated outstanding capabilities in estimating crop traits. As one of the leading technologies, LeafSpec, provides high-quality crop image data for improving phenotyping quality. In this study, novel algorithms are developed for LeafSpec to identify crop nutrient deficiencies more accurately. Combined with UAV system, this technology will bring growers a robust solution for fertilizing diagnosis and scientific crop management.


Strawberry Production In An Elevated Bench Growing System Inside A High Tunnel In Southern Indiana, Wenjing Guan, Dean Haseman, Laura Ingwell, Samantha Willden, Dan Egel Jan 2023

Strawberry Production In An Elevated Bench Growing System Inside A High Tunnel In Southern Indiana, Wenjing Guan, Dean Haseman, Laura Ingwell, Samantha Willden, Dan Egel

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

Objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of eight strawberry cultivars grown in an elevated bench system. Yield and quality parameters were measured. This report also includes a discussion on production challenges and economic considerations of this production system.


Colored Sweet Bell And Tapered Pepper Cultivar Evaluation For High Tunnel Production In West-Central Indiana, 2022, Petrus Langenhoven, Lian Mahorith Duron Alvarado, Eduardo Jose Miranda Oviedo Dec 2022

Colored Sweet Bell And Tapered Pepper Cultivar Evaluation For High Tunnel Production In West-Central Indiana, 2022, Petrus Langenhoven, Lian Mahorith Duron Alvarado, Eduardo Jose Miranda Oviedo

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

Colored sweet bell-shaped and tapered peppers are a staple at the farmers' market. Many small and medium-sized farming operations in Indiana grow this summer crop. High tunnels allow growers to protect their crops and extend their growing season. Sweet peppers, in particular, benefit from the unique growing environment created by the high tunnel. Planting of peppers can start at least 2-4 weeks earlier in the spring, and production can continue into the fall until the first hard freeze. Pepper variety performance data for Indiana is not readily available. We are working hard to change that. Currently, we have evaluated twenty-five …


2022 Seedless Pickling Cucumber Cultivar Trial, Ben Phillips, Jenny Schoonmaker Nov 2022

2022 Seedless Pickling Cucumber Cultivar Trial, Ben Phillips, Jenny Schoonmaker

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

A pickling cucumber cultivar trial was planted at the Southwest Michigan Research and Extension Center (42.088261, -86.351980, Benton Harbor, Michigan). Bejo (BJ), Nunhems (NU), and Rijk Zwaan (RZ) seed companies donated parthenocarpic (seedless) cultivars for mechanical once-over harvest. Overall trial quality was marginal due to being the first trial on a new research farm with different equipment parameters, task procedures, and responsibilities. Factors affecting trial quality were logged for next year’s trial, and include machine planting, incorporating the entire nitrogen recommendation ahead of planting, and adjusting final plant population to 30 inch row spacings.