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Same Plant, Different Soil: Japan's New Merger Guidelines Symposium On Competition Law And Policy In Developing Countries, Salil K. Mehra
Same Plant, Different Soil: Japan's New Merger Guidelines Symposium On Competition Law And Policy In Developing Countries, Salil K. Mehra
Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business
Japan's New Merger Guidelines ("New Merger Guidelines"), issued by the Japan Fair Trade Commission ("JFTC") in May 2004, mark a turning point for antitrust in Japan. It is likely that Japan's New Merger Guidelines will be seen as a model for legal transplants in the future. Despite the similarities between Japan's New Merger Guidelines and the U.S. Horizontal Merger Guidelines ("U.S. Merger Guidelines"), Japan's New Merger Guidelines are unlikely to be a "success" in the same way that the U.S. Merger Guidelines have been a success since their adoption by the American competition agencies. Although Japan is far from a …
The Japanese Issues And Perspective On The Convergence Of International Accounting Standards, Mitsuru Misawa
The Japanese Issues And Perspective On The Convergence Of International Accounting Standards, Mitsuru Misawa
Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business
Japan is negotiating diligently with the European Union and is asking for its approval of the Japanese accounting standard as an equivalent to the IFRSs. If the Japanese accounting standard fails to be recognized as an equivalent of the IFRSs, disclosure by Japanese companies based on the Japanese accounting standard currently in the European Union would not be allowed. This would severely affect the financing activities of Japanese companies seeking to raise funds in the European Union. Japanese corporations are also concerned about the possibility that Japanese accounting standards could be branded as inferior to the European or U.S. Accounting …
Spoiling The Surprise: Constraints Facing Random Regulatory Inspections In Japan And The United States, Andrew Chin
Spoiling The Surprise: Constraints Facing Random Regulatory Inspections In Japan And The United States, Andrew Chin
Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business
This Article is organized as follows. Part I presents a rational actor model of legal compliance under an enforcement regime based on random inspections and identifies two classes of reforms that can be applied in combination to improve aggregate compliance. Part II introduces the problem of corrupt tip-offs into the model and argues that exogenous reforms are necessary to combat corruption. Part III surveys the use of random administrative inspections in the United States, reviews the approaches taken by four such programs to improve compliance and fight corruption, and describes the various constraints under which they must operate. Part IV …
The Administrative Regulation Of Technology Induction Contracts In Japan, K. Blake Thatcher
The Administrative Regulation Of Technology Induction Contracts In Japan, K. Blake Thatcher
Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business
The purpose of this Comment is to investigate the current effect of both the FECL and the AML on TICs.'6 It begins with a historical analysis of past applications of these laws to TICs. It then discusses the current terms of the AML and the FECL, the government's application of these terms to TICs, and the effect of this application on the formation of TICs. This Comment concludes that, although the means of regulation has changed and there has been some liberalization, the FECL and the AML continue to create substantial prejudicial effects for the interests of foreign parties to …
Japanese View Of United States Trade Laws, A , Mitsuo Matsushita
Japanese View Of United States Trade Laws, A , Mitsuo Matsushita
Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business
The purpose of this Article is to present a Japanese view of United States trade laws, concentrating on the differences between the United States and the Japanese laws. This Article will address the questions of whether United States trade laws have been used for protectionist purposes and whether there are inconsistencies and conflicts within United States trade laws. Finally, this Article will discuss Japanese suggestions for the enforcement of United States trade laws. The views expressed here are neither those of the Japanese business community nor those of the Japanese government; they are solely the views of the author, who …
Reform Of Japanese Telecommunications Law: Panacea Or Placebo, Douglas W. Colber
Reform Of Japanese Telecommunications Law: Panacea Or Placebo, Douglas W. Colber
Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business
This Comment outlines the development of Japanese telecommunications law as it shifted the market from a government monopoly to private enterprise. This Comment first describes Japan's former policy goals for telecommunications and the effects of its older telecommunications laws.6 Next, this Comment describes Japan's new telecommunications laws and the policy interests that shaped them.17 This Comment also analyzes whether the impact of the new laws actually furthers their intended policy objectives."8 The Comment concludes that Japan's new telecommunications laws do promote several of Japan's current policy objectives, but represent only part of a long-term remedy for correcting the telecommunications trade …
Effective Dispute Resolution In United States-Japan Commercial Transactions Perspectives , Hoken S. Seki
Effective Dispute Resolution In United States-Japan Commercial Transactions Perspectives , Hoken S. Seki
Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business
This article seeks to acquaint the United States businessman and his legal counsel with the Japanese perspective, providing a greater level of understanding that would permit a more satisfying and effective conclusion to the dispute resolution process. The author's frequent visits to Japan, his years of representing Japanese individuals and corporations and his study of treatises by noted authorities, identified in the footnotes, are sources for the opinions and perspectives presented in this article. It is hoped that this article will be particularly useful in providing an over- view to those who have not had extensive previous contact with Japan, …
Japanese Labor Relations And Legal Implications Of Their Possible Use In The United States, Marcia J. Cavens
Japanese Labor Relations And Legal Implications Of Their Possible Use In The United States, Marcia J. Cavens
Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business
Current economic conditions have led many United States companies to search for ways of regaining competitive positions in international markets. Japan's enviable succes in international trade suggests several possible remedies, one of which is development of more harmonious labor-management relations. Some commentators have opposed the application of these cooperative labor practices in the United States, claiming that cultural differences are insurmountable. Japanese-style labor relations, however, have been implemented in the United States, either by conscious imitation, or though similar, domestically developed systems termed quality of worklife and participative management programs. Speculations about and experiments with Japanese labor relations have become …
An Overview Of The Japanese Legal System, Elliott J. Hahn
An Overview Of The Japanese Legal System, Elliott J. Hahn
Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business
Trade between the United States and Japan is growing at such a rapid pace that it is incumbent on those involved in private international law to be well-versed in the Japanese legal system. This Article is inteded to be of service to one weeking an overview of that system. The basic lesson for the reader is that the legal system is that the legal system of Japan differs significantly from that of the United States. This difference arises from disparate views of Americans and Japanese as to the fundamental purpose of a legal system. Upon reflection, it is perhaps not …
International Trading Companies: Building On The Japanese Model, Robert W. Dziubla
International Trading Companies: Building On The Japanese Model, Robert W. Dziubla
Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business
Passage of the Export Trading Company Act of 1982 provides new opportunities for American business to organize and operate general trading companies. After presenting a thorough history and description of the Japanese sogoshosha, Mr. Dziubla gives several compelling reasons for Americans to establish export trading companies. He also examines the changes in United States banking and antitrust laws that have resulted from passage of the act and offers suggestions for drafting guidelines, rules, and regulations for the Export Trading Company Act.
The Rise And Fall Of Provisional Validity -- The Need For A Rule Of Reason In Eec Antitrust, Valentine Korah
The Rise And Fall Of Provisional Validity -- The Need For A Rule Of Reason In Eec Antitrust, Valentine Korah
Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business
The doctrine of provisional validity invented by the Community Court now applies to very few agreements. Mrs. Korah believes that unless a rule of reason is applied to restraints ancillary to agreements that lead to new competitive pressures, the risk of collaboration may become excessive. Mrs. Korah also expresses concern that this may reduce the dynamism of Community industry in competition with American and Japanese firms.
"Black Ships" And Balance Sheets: The Japanese Market And U.S.-Japan Relations, Kenneth W. Abbott, Conrad D. Totman
"Black Ships" And Balance Sheets: The Japanese Market And U.S.-Japan Relations, Kenneth W. Abbott, Conrad D. Totman
Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business
In this Article, Professors Abbott and Totman address the widespread Western belief that the Japanese economy is unfairly closed to foreign trade and investment. The authors identify several levels of barriers to penetration of the Japanese market. They contend that considerable progress has been made in reducing direct official restraints and official non-tariff barriers. Further progress in resolving the closed market issue, the authors predict, will be more difficult. Some of the remaining problems are rooted in Japanese society and culture; others in Western attitudes toward Japan. All reflect the historical pattern of Japan's relations with the West. The authors …