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Deploying Business Ecosystems To Cope With Ecological Transformation, Arnoud Cyriel Leo De Meyer
Deploying Business Ecosystems To Cope With Ecological Transformation, Arnoud Cyriel Leo De Meyer
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
At a time when businesses must innovate quickly and in support of sustainability, "going it alone" is no longer the most effective or efficient model. Business ecosystems – networks of companies, researchers and other stakeholders each involved in a given value chain – offer an effective route to companies seeking not only to find new advantages, but to drive wider systemic change. When innovation takes place through ecosystems, often, the results are faster to diffuse through an industry or value chain. To address needs of the ecological transformation like the transition to clean fuels, this is exactly what is needed; …
Knowledge Recombination And Inventor Networks: The Asymmetric Effects Of Embeddedness On Knowledge Reuse And Impact, Simon J.D. Schillebeeckx, Yimin Lin, Gerard George, Tufool Alnuaimi
Knowledge Recombination And Inventor Networks: The Asymmetric Effects Of Embeddedness On Knowledge Reuse And Impact, Simon J.D. Schillebeeckx, Yimin Lin, Gerard George, Tufool Alnuaimi
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Inventors are triply embedded. They are embedded in a network of knowledge components that they can reuse in future inventions. They are embedded in an inventor network, where internal embeddedness (the strength of relationships between focal inventors and their colleagues upon whose knowledge the team builds) and network centrality influence access to information. Finally, they are embedded in the firm, with its specific routines that favor external or internal knowledge search, what we call search orientation. Using a sample of 39,785 semiconductor patents, we study the pattern of knowledge reuse, or the recombination of technologically similar components, on invention impact. …
What Has Changed? The Impact Of Covid Pandemic On The Technology And Innovation Management Research Agenda, Gerard George, Karim R. Lakhani, Phanish Puranam
What Has Changed? The Impact Of Covid Pandemic On The Technology And Innovation Management Research Agenda, Gerard George, Karim R. Lakhani, Phanish Puranam
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Whereas the pandemic has tested the agility and resilience of organizations, it forces a deeper look at the assumptions underlying theoretical frameworks that guide managerial decisions and organizational practices. In this commentary, we explore the impact of the Covid‐19 pandemic on technology and innovation management research. We identify key assumptions, and then discuss how new areas of investigation emerge based on the changed reality.
Healthcare Innovation From The Inside Out: Leveraging The Human Capital System At Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Kenneth T. Goh, Richard Raymond Smith, Cher Heng Tan, David Dhevarajulu
Healthcare Innovation From The Inside Out: Leveraging The Human Capital System At Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Kenneth T. Goh, Richard Raymond Smith, Cher Heng Tan, David Dhevarajulu
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
The global pandemic has strained healthcare systems around the world, yet some providers have been able to adapt better and more swiftly than others. One such example is Singapore’s Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH). When Covid-19 broke out, TTSH had to strike a balance between reducing business-as-usual (BAU) services and increasing outbreak-coping capacity. The latter meant that the hospital needed to build isolation rooms, and effectively ramp up its intensive care unit (ICU) capacity and capabilities to adapt to a rapidly evolving global pandemic. Furthermore, hospital management had to make an active push towards ensuring adequate supplies of personal protective …
Problem-Solving Or Self-Enhancement? A Power Perspective On How Ceos Affect R&D Search In The Face Of Inconsistent Feedback, Radina Blagoeva, Tom J. M. Mom, Justin J. P. Jansen, Gerard George
Problem-Solving Or Self-Enhancement? A Power Perspective On How Ceos Affect R&D Search In The Face Of Inconsistent Feedback, Radina Blagoeva, Tom J. M. Mom, Justin J. P. Jansen, Gerard George
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Firms consider multiple reference points simultaneously to assess performance, yet often these referents may be inconsistent in signaling success or failure. Consequently, decision makers use two contrasting decision rules when responding to inconsistent feedback: problem-solving or self-enhancement. So far, disparate theoretical logics and mixed evidence has limited our understanding about when decision makers may shift their attention from positive to negative aspects of inconsistent feedback or vice versa, and may increase or decrease their R&D search. We examine how different types of CEO power explain why some firms may respond to inconsistent feedback, i.e. positive performance feedback and negative prospects, …
Public Governance, Corporate Governance, And Firm Innovation: An Examination Of State-Owned Enterprises, Nan Jia, Kenneth G. Huang, Cyndi Man Zhang
Public Governance, Corporate Governance, And Firm Innovation: An Examination Of State-Owned Enterprises, Nan Jia, Kenneth G. Huang, Cyndi Man Zhang
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
We examine how corporate and public governance shape an important type moral hazard in innovation which is that agents pursuing the quantity of innovation at the expense of the novelty. We theorize that both better corporate governance tools that regulate agents (including better alignment of agents’ private incentives and stronger monitoring), and higher-quality public governance that regulates the principals of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) reduce this moral hazard. Furthermore, we argue that higher-quality political governance enhances the functioning of better corporate governance tools in further reducing this moral hazard in innovation, thus creating interdependence. We test our theory in the context …
Instead Of Predicting The Future, We Should Get On With Creating The Future, Shweta Midgil, Richard Smith
Instead Of Predicting The Future, We Should Get On With Creating The Future, Shweta Midgil, Richard Smith
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
It is important to note that there is a lot of hype about “Digital Disruption” these days. We see too many organizations trying to take on the topic of “Digital” without really focusing their efforts on something that is meaningful to the people in the organization. Leaders going around talking about digital disruption or digital transformation does not serve any purpose – only creates anxiety and uncertainty. In other words, leaders would be better served to break down the topic into meaningful topics that are linked to areas of the business.
The Role Of Space And Time In Balancing Conflicting Pressures Through Routine Dynamics, Kenneth T. Goh, Claus Rerup
The Role Of Space And Time In Balancing Conflicting Pressures Through Routine Dynamics, Kenneth T. Goh, Claus Rerup
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
To examine how spaces and the temporal context shape routine actions that balance conflicting pressures for efficiency and flexibility, we conducted an ethnography of the product development process, known as the scrum routine, in a video game development studio. We trace the temporal patterning of scrum meetings to reveal the mutual constitution of spaces and the temporal context. Examining how the co-constitution of space and time shapes actions and artifact use in the scrum routine reveals that balancing occurs through coalescing, reconstituting, standardizing, and reorganizing actions. From these findings, we develop a conceptual model of how pressures for efficiency and …
The Capacity To Innovate: A Meta Analysis Of Absorptive Capacity, Tengjian Zou, Gokhan Ertug, Gerard George
The Capacity To Innovate: A Meta Analysis Of Absorptive Capacity, Tengjian Zou, Gokhan Ertug, Gerard George
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
For nearly 30 years, ACAP has been the bedrock of theories of innovation. A meta-analysis is timely to glean insights from the rich empirical evidence to date and guide future work on the topic. Our meta-analysis of 241 studies reveals that ACAP is a strong predictor of innovation and knowledge transfer, and that its effects on financial performance are fully mediated by these two outcomes. As different from most theoretical discourse, we also find that the firm size-ACAP relationship is positive for small firms but negative for larger firms and that the firm age-ACAP relationship is negative for mature firms …
Configuring Innovative Societies: The Crossvergent Role Of Cultural And Institutional Varieties, Di Fan, Yi Li, Liang Chen
Configuring Innovative Societies: The Crossvergent Role Of Cultural And Institutional Varieties, Di Fan, Yi Li, Liang Chen
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
The study aims to explore why some societies are more innovative than others in high-technology sectors. Following a crossvergence perspective, we generate nine causal conditions by accommodating both cultural and institutional varieties: uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, individualism and power distance as culture indicators, and union density, skill development, market capitalization to credit, prevalence of cluster and state dominance as institutional indicators. Applying the configurational approach, we conducted fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) on Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries. We confirm the equal importance of both cultural and institutional mechanisms as contributors to national innovativeness, and identify equifinal …
Analytics, Innovation, And Organizational Adaptation, Gerard George, Yimin Lin
Analytics, Innovation, And Organizational Adaptation, Gerard George, Yimin Lin
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
With the advent of big data, organizations are integrating powerful computing tools into their organizational processes to drive efficiencies and improve service delivery. Yet, at the heart of this conversation lies the role of analytics and big data in innovation within and across organizations. In this article, we provide a stylistic model of the role of analytics in innovation and call for further research on the underlying processes, contingencies, and outcomes.
Appropriability And The Retrieval Of Knowledge After Spillovers, Tufool Alnuaimi, Gerard George
Appropriability And The Retrieval Of Knowledge After Spillovers, Tufool Alnuaimi, Gerard George
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Firms create and capture value through innovation. In technology-driven firms, there has been an explicit emphasis on appropriability through imitation deterrence and cumulative inventions that build on prior firm innovation. We introduce systematic empirical evidence for a third mechanism of appropriability namely, knowledge retrieval, which is defined as the re-absorption of previously spilled knowledge. We extend previous studies which consider technological complexity and organizational coupling as predictors of appropriability by examining their impact on knowledge retrieval. We find that technological complexity has a curvilinear relationship with retrieval while organizational coupling has a negative relationship. We discuss the implications of these …
New Blood As An Elixir Of Youth: Effects Of Human Capital Tenure On The Explorative Capability Of Aging Firms, F. Ted Tschang, Gokhan Ertug
New Blood As An Elixir Of Youth: Effects Of Human Capital Tenure On The Explorative Capability Of Aging Firms, F. Ted Tschang, Gokhan Ertug
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
The relationship between firm age and innovation has been an enduring topic of interest. We contribute to this research by studying how the effect of firm age on the quality of explorative and exploitative innovations is affected by the firm-specific and industry tenure of the talent resources (employees) that the firm utilizes. We start with the baseline predictions that firm age is related to the development of better exploitative innovations and worse explorative innovations. However, the tenure of employees intervenes in these relationships, by way of bringing in new knowledge, mental models, and beliefs. We predict that longer firm-specific and …
Board Diversity, Firm Risk, And Corporate Policies, Gennaro Bernile, Vineet Bhagwat, Scott Yonker
Board Diversity, Firm Risk, And Corporate Policies, Gennaro Bernile, Vineet Bhagwat, Scott Yonker
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
We examine the effects of diversity in the board of directors on corporate policies and risk. Using a multi-dimensional measure, we find that greater board diversity leads to lower volatility and better performance. The lower risk levels are largely due to diverse boards adopting more persistent and less risky financial policies. However, consistent with diversity fostering more efficient (real) risk-taking, firms with greater board diversity also invest persistently more in R&D and have more efficient innovation processes. Instrumental variable tests that exploit exogenous variation in firm access to the supply of diverse nonlocal directors indicate that these relations are causal.
Innovation And Leadership: When Does Cmo Leadership Improve Performance From Innovation?, Adam J. Bock, Andreas B. Eisengenrich, Dmitry Sharapov, Gerard George
Innovation And Leadership: When Does Cmo Leadership Improve Performance From Innovation?, Adam J. Bock, Andreas B. Eisengenrich, Dmitry Sharapov, Gerard George
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Ensuring that organizational innovation generates value increasingly requires effective marketing management. Prior studies, however, report conflicting effects of chief marketing officer (CMO) leadership on how well the firm exploits innovation. These inconsistencies may be associated with firm-level innovation effort, customer focus, and industry type. We analyze archival data from 587 interviews with global CEOs to explain the effect of CMO leadership on outcomes of organizational innovation. CMO leadership of the firm's primary innovation mode is positively associated with product-market innovation effort but not marginal revenue from innovation. CMO leadership also moderates the relationship between customer focus and innovation revenue. Predictive …
Cui Bono? The Selective Revealing Of Knowledge And Its Implications For Innovative Activity, Oliver Alexy, Gerard George, Ammon J. Salter
Cui Bono? The Selective Revealing Of Knowledge And Its Implications For Innovative Activity, Oliver Alexy, Gerard George, Ammon J. Salter
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Current theories of how organizations harness knowledge for innovative activity cannot convincingly explain emergent practices whereby firms selectively reveal knowledge to their advantage. We conceive of selective revealing as a strategic mechanism to reshape the collaborative behavior of other actors in a firm's innovation ecosystem. We propose that selective revealing may provide an effective alternative to known collaboration mechanisms, particularly under conditions of high partner uncertainty, high coordination costs, and unwilling potential collaborators. We specify conditions when firms are more likely to reveal knowledge and highlight some boundary conditions for competitor reciprocity. We elaborate on strategies that allow firms to …
Team Innovation Processes: An Examination Of Activity Cycles In Creative Project Teams, Kenneth T. Goh, Paul S. Goodman, Laurie R. Weingart
Team Innovation Processes: An Examination Of Activity Cycles In Creative Project Teams, Kenneth T. Goh, Paul S. Goodman, Laurie R. Weingart
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
This study investigates cycles of planning, enacting, and reviewing activities over time in teams engaged in creative projects. Drawing on longitudinal case studies of two interactive media development teams, two distinct cycles of planning, enacting, and reviewing activities are identified: experimentation cycles and validation cycles. Experimentation cycles are discovery-oriented processes where teams gather insights into project requirements, constraints, and design specifications through trial-and-error. Validation cycles are correction-oriented processes where teams align their output with project requirements through incremental modifications. These findings are then built on to develop testable propositions about the relationship between the duration of planning, enacting, and reviewing …
Innovating In The Periphery: The Impact Of Local And Foreign Inventor Mobility On The Value Of Indian Patents, Tufool Alnuaimi, Tore Opsahl, Gerard George
Innovating In The Periphery: The Impact Of Local And Foreign Inventor Mobility On The Value Of Indian Patents, Tufool Alnuaimi, Tore Opsahl, Gerard George
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
We examine the impact of local and foreign labor mobility in India by modeling one regional and one global network, each of which captures the inter-organizational mobility of inventors. Our analysis of the regional network shows that, within India, the productivity of inventors does not improve when they move from foreign to Indian organizations. In the global network, we find that Indian organizations remain located in the periphery as a result of employing a small number of inventors from foreign organizations. However, in the instances when inventors are hired from foreign organizations, they are able to produce patents with a …
Innovation For Inclusive Growth: Towards A Theoretical Framework And A Research Agenda, Gerard George, Anita M. Mcgahan, Jaideep Prabhu
Innovation For Inclusive Growth: Towards A Theoretical Framework And A Research Agenda, Gerard George, Anita M. Mcgahan, Jaideep Prabhu
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Inclusive innovation, which we define as innovation that benefits the disenfranchised, is a process as well as a performance outcome. Consideration of inclusive innovation points to inequalities that may arise in the development and commercialization of innovations, and also acknowledges the inequalities that may occur as a result of value creation and capture. We outline opportunities for the development of theory and empirical research around this construct in the fields of entrepreneurship, strategy, and marketing. We aim for a synthesis in views of inclusive innovation and call for future research that deals directly with value creation and the distributional consequences …
Entry Into New Niches: The Effects Of Firm Age And The Expansion Of Technological Capabilities On Innovative Output And Impact, Reddi Kotha, Yangfeng Zheng, Gerard George
Entry Into New Niches: The Effects Of Firm Age And The Expansion Of Technological Capabilities On Innovative Output And Impact, Reddi Kotha, Yangfeng Zheng, Gerard George
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
We provide evidence that young firms systematically differ from older firms in their innovative output when they enter ‘new to the firm’ technological niches. We analyze data from 128 biotechnology firms since their inception and track these firms over time. Our analyses reveal that the organizational age at which the firm branches into new technological niches significantly influences its innovative activity. We refine the focus of the extant literature by separately examining the effects of branching on the quantity of innovative output and the impact that this output has on the technology domain. Subsequent to branching into new niches, we …
Innovation And Commoditization: Prioritizing And Profiling Asian Managers’ Cross-Border Sourcing Practices, Sudhindra Seshadri
Innovation And Commoditization: Prioritizing And Profiling Asian Managers’ Cross-Border Sourcing Practices, Sudhindra Seshadri
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
The paper investigates several sourcing practices and argues that two main behavioral constructs, supply commoditization and supply innovation, underlie many of these practices. It then develops hypotheses involving these constructs and company profiling ratios such as revenue per employee. The paper reports on survey research with a subset of ASEAN country based purchasing managers; on new scales. The results contribute to a growing literature on dynamic customer value in business markets and sourcing competencies. The paper also discusses managerial implications for sales targeting and sales approaches arising from the model.
China's Innovation Landscape, Kenneth G. Huang
China's Innovation Landscape, Kenneth G. Huang
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
The People's Republic of China has experienced three decades of sustained, strong annual economic growth as it transitions from a centrally planned economy to a free market. Currently the world's second largest economy, China recognizes scientific and technological innovation as an increasingly important strategy to fuel the next phase of its productivity growth. However, the drivers and trajectories of China's scientific and technological growth remain under-investigated. To understand elements of China's innovative activities, particularly in science and technology, an analysis of comprehensive patent data provided by the State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO) of China is presented here.
Innovation And Commoditization: Asian Cross Border Sourcing Practices, Sudhi Seshadri
Innovation And Commoditization: Asian Cross Border Sourcing Practices, Sudhi Seshadri
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
What constitutes better sourcing performance? The question is gaining prominence from recent work in the resource based view of the firm where interest in functional performance is growing. The paper addresses this question by investigating several dimensions of sourcing practices. Two main performance priorities are captured by supply innovation and supply commoditization, and we develop several hypotheses involving these constructs. The paper reports on our survey research with Asian purchasing managers; scales that measure supply innovation and commoditization; and the estimates of a path analytic model to test our hypotheses and provide relative effect sizes. The results contribute to a …
The Implications Of Debt Heterogeneity For R&D Investment And Firm Performance, Parthiban David, Jonathan P. O'Brien, Toru Yoshikawa
The Implications Of Debt Heterogeneity For R&D Investment And Firm Performance, Parthiban David, Jonathan P. O'Brien, Toru Yoshikawa
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
An assumption in prior research is that debt is homogeneous and provides inappropriate governance for R&D investments. We argue that debt is heterogeneous: although transactional debt does indeed impose strict contractual constraints that provide inappropriate governance for R&D investments, relational debt has very different characteristics that provide more appropriate governance. Using a sample of Japanese firms, we find that firms that align their debt structures with their R&D investments perform better than those that are misaligned. Furthermore, firms tend to align their debt structure with R&D investments, but only after deregulation permits relatively free access to various types of debt.
Technology Strategy And China's Technology Capacity Building, Arnoud De Meyer
Technology Strategy And China's Technology Capacity Building, Arnoud De Meyer
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
China has the potential to become a major source of innovation for the world. The scientific investment is in place and rapidly growing. But in order to reap the benefits of this investment its organisations will have to become better at managing innovation. One of the key elements of innovation management is the determination and implementation of a sound technology strategy. The purpose of this paper is to offer a framework and a detailed overview of what it entails to develop and implement a technology strategy. The paper emphasizes the alignment of the strategy with the organisational competencies and the …
Corporate Governance Reform As Institutional Innovation: The Case Of Japan, Toru Yoshikawa, Lai Si Tsui-Auch, Jean Mcguire
Corporate Governance Reform As Institutional Innovation: The Case Of Japan, Toru Yoshikawa, Lai Si Tsui-Auch, Jean Mcguire
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
To address the convergence-divergence debate in corporate governance, we conduct a multiple-case, multiple-level study to analyze the diffusion of governance innovation in Japan. We argue that Japanese systems of corporate governance neither fully converge to, nor completely diverge from, the Anglo-American model. Rather, Sony-the pioneer of corporate governance reforms-and its followers selectively adopted features from this model, decoupled them from the original context, and tailored them to fit to their own situations to generate governance innovation. However, we find that the spread of innovation across firms and institutional levels is far from linear and straightforward, and that other well-regarded firms …
Developmental Financial Institutions As Technology Policy Instruments: Implications For Innovation And Entrepreneurship In Emerging Economies, Gerard George, Ganesh N. Prabhu
Developmental Financial Institutions As Technology Policy Instruments: Implications For Innovation And Entrepreneurship In Emerging Economies, Gerard George, Ganesh N. Prabhu
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Developmental financial institutions (DFIs) in emerging economies regularly assess new technology platforms to support their investments in new ventures, established firms, and technology institutions (TIs). Their financing decisions are guided by national priorities such as achieving technological self-reliance. By providing attractive financing options and related support, DFIs are well placed to consciously channel finance into designated priority technology areas. To better understand DFI roles, we conducted multiple interviews with participants affiliated with DFIs, firms and TIs in India. From data gathered from these interviews and secondary data on DFIs in emerging economies, we develop a preliminary framework to suggest that …
The Effects Of Business-University Alliances On Innovative Output And Financial Performance: A Study Of Publicly Traded Biotechnology Companies, Gerard George, Shaker A. Zahra, D. Robley Wood
The Effects Of Business-University Alliances On Innovative Output And Financial Performance: A Study Of Publicly Traded Biotechnology Companies, Gerard George, Shaker A. Zahra, D. Robley Wood
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Companies in the biotechnology industry face major challenges in developing and commercializing new products. Focusing on publicly traded biotechnology firms that are not members of university incubators or research parks, this paper argues that the links these companies develop with universities can have beneficial effects on a company's operations. Analysis of 2457 alliances undertaken by 147 biotechnology firms shows that companies with university linkages have lower research and development (R&D) expenses while having higher levels of innovative output. However, the results do not support the proposition that companies with university linkages achieve higher financial performance than similar firms without such …
Using Strategic Partnerships To Create A Sustainable Competitive Position For Hi-Tech Start-Up Firms, Arnoud De Meyer
Using Strategic Partnerships To Create A Sustainable Competitive Position For Hi-Tech Start-Up Firms, Arnoud De Meyer
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
In most cases these companies chose or were forced to engage in a technology partnership in order to develop and survive. As one would expect, some of these partnerships succeeded whilst others failed. With hindsight it occurred to the author that success or failure was not necessarily a random event, or idiosyncratic to one particular company, but that there seemed to be a pattern. Some partnerships failed because they were a strategic misfit, others probably because they were badly implemented. Based on these clinical case studies, The author addresses these questions: when and under what conditions a partnership is needed; …