Digital Commons Network^™

Ethical Responsibility In The Design Of Artificial Intelligence (Ai) Systems, David K. Mcgraw

International Journal on Responsibility

This article aims to provide an overview of the ethical questions surrounding the responsibilities of designers of artificial intelligence (AI) systems. First, the author delves into the philosophical underpinnings of this responsibility, examining various ethical theories to grasp the moral obligations individuals have towards others and society. The author contends that designers of technology bear the responsibility of considering the broader societal implications of their creations. Subsequently, the author scrutinizes the fundamental question of whether AI systems present unique ethical concerns compared to conventional technologies, pinpointing factors such as complexity, opacity, autonomy, unpredictability, uncertainty, and the potential for significant social …

Navigating Ethical Challenges In Online Wildlife Trade Research, Thais Q. Morcatty, Shan Su, Penthai Siriwat, Astrid Alex Andersson, Sadek Atoussi, Kim Feddema, Sergio Henriques, Jordi Janssen, Anushri Karve, Jennifer Pytka, Ruth M. Thompson, Vincent Nijman, Joss Wright, David L. Roberts

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The surge in internet accessibility has transformed wildlife trade by facilitating the acquisition of wildlife through online platforms. This scenario presents unique ethical challenges for researchers, as traditional ethical frameworks for in-person research cannot be readily applied to the online realm. Currently, there is a lack of clearly defined guidelines for appropriate ethical procedures when conducting online wildlife trade (OWT) research. In response to this, we consulted the scientific literature on ethical considerations in online research and examined existing guidelines established by professional societies and ethical boards. Based on these documents, we present a set of recommendations that can inform …

Difficulties In Police Hiring And Retention Post George Floyd, Dan Benedict

School of Professional Studies

This capstone explores the history behind the negative sentiment towards police and explore how hiring and retention has changed since George Floyd. Proposals for new practices and methods to help police departments hire and retain qualified individuals who are willing to take on a career in law enforcement.

The Role Of Investigative Genetic Genealogy In The Field Of Criminal Justice, Chloe Haas

Honors Projects

Investigative genetic genealogy is an investigative method used by law enforcement to solve crimes. It involves the uploading of DNA found at a crime scene to genealogy databases to narrow down the suspect pool. The research question for this study is: Is law enforcement’s use of investigative genetic genealogy ethical? I conducted ten interviews with individuals who had a background in the Criminal Justice field, the legal field, the forensics field, and the field of genealogy to see their opinions on this topic. A majority of the participants in this study stated that they believe that law enforcement should be …

Turn It And Turn It Again: The Talmud, Ethics, And #Metoo, Mira Beth Wasserman

Journal of Textual Reasoning

No abstract provided.

Towards A Transparency-Based, Value-Sensitive Design Solution For Bias In Self-Driving Cars: An Ethical Violation Assessment And Risk Analysis Framework On Consumer-Held Values, Nada Ahmad Madkour

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Background: The rapid growth of automated systems and artificial intelligence (AI), particularly, self-driving cars (SDCs), has attracted significant investments and can potentially contribute to humanity’s flourishing. However, before widespread adoption, it is important to address ethical violations such as bias in AI, highlighted by many real-world cases of bias in AI leading to unfair outcomes in tools like facial recognition, hiring software, and pedestrian detection. Bias in AI can lead to potentially fatal outcomes in SDCs, emphasizing the need for a thorough examination of bias in SDCs.

Purpose: To enhance AI ethics by providing tools to support transparency and value- …

Morality Vs. Mortality: The Ethics Of Physician-Assisted Death In The United States, Ashley Price

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

According to the American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, physician-assisted death is defined as a physician providing, at the patient’s request, a prescription for a lethal dose of medication that the patient can self-administer by ingestion, with the explicit intention of ending life. This paper will examine the different perspectives on the prevalent issue revolving around the ethics and criminality of physician-assisted death and euthanasia in the medical field – a heavily debated topic since the concept was conceived. It will explore the history and controversy revolving around the practice using ethical, faith-based, and scientific perspectives relating respectively to …

Non-Judicial Recusals In Rhode Island: Empirical Evidence And Suggestions For Reform, Ross E. Cheit, Rose Lang-Maso

Roger Williams University Law Review

No abstract provided.

A Systematic Review Of K-12 Cybersecurity Education Around The World, Ahmed Ibrahim, Marnie Mckee, Leslie F. Sikos, Nicola F. Johnson

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This paper presents a systematic review of K-12 cybersecurity education literature from around the world. 24 academic papers dated from 2013-2023 were eligible for inclusion in the literature established within the research protocol. An additional 19 gray literature sources comprised the total. A range of recurring common topics deemed as aspects of cybersecurity behavior or practice were identified. A variety of cybersecurity competencies and skills are needed for K-12 students to apply their knowledge. As may be expected to be the case with interdisciplinary fields, studies are inherently unclear in the use of their terminology, and this is compounded in …

An Examination Of Influential Factors Of Academic Dishonesty And Ethical Decision-Making Among Community College Nursing Students, Roshelle L. Lemon-Howard

Dissertations

Academic dishonesty remains a pervasive, multi-discipline dilemma which has been reported as having the propensity of resulting in longstanding consequences beyond academic settings. Previous research has suggested that students who participate in dishonest behaviors while attending institutions of higher education have greater tendencies to engage in dishonest and unethical behaviors within professional settings. Notably, schools of nursing are not exempt from academic dishonesty and the ramifications that have been associated with such misconduct. Although academic dishonesty has been examined from various perspectives, and in numerous contexts, current studies that compare relationships between peer and faculty influences on academic dishonesty and …

Justice On Trial: A Multifaceted Analysis Of Capital Punishment, Abby Long

Honors Theses

There is an ongoing debate surrounding the criminal justice system, focusing specifically on the controversial topic of capital punishment. Highlighting a startling statistic—one in nine death row inmates being exonerated— a pivotal question arises of what factors influence sentencing outcomes? Seven variables, number of sentences, income of offender, region of sentencing, race of offender, gender of offender, and political affiliation of sentencing state, are considered to understand the variations in sentencing outcomes and assess the fairness of the current judicial process. Using an OLS regression analysis of data from all 50 U.S. states, the paper seeks to better understand capital …

Mitigation Reports In Capital Cases: Legal And Ethical Issues, Russell Stetler, W. Bradley Wendel

St. Mary's Journal on Legal Malpractice & Ethics

The mitigation investigation that is essential in every capital case requires a multidisciplinary team. The duty to conduct this investigation is clearly established federal law, as well as an ethical obligation of counsel. The mitigation evidence that is uncovered is of vital importance to the rights of the individual accused of a capital offense, but also to reliable outcomes since all decisionmakers—including prosecutors, jurors, and judges—need the most complete and accurate picture of the person facing the punishment of last resort. This Article discusses some of the unique legal and ethical issues affecting the documentation of this investigation. The Authors …

A Fiduciary Theory Of Progressive Prosecution, Bruce Green, Rebecca Roiphe

Articles & Chapters

Progressive prosecutors differ from their more traditional counterparts primarily in the way in which they make decisions. They tend to bind their discretion by announcing categorical policies rather than making fact-based decisions case by case. This article catalogs the unusual degree of pushback progressive prosecutors have encountered from the public, legislatures, courts, police, and their own subordinate prosecutors. Drawing on fiduciary theory, it explains this reaction as a response to progressive prosecutors’ abdication of their fiduciary role. As a public fiduciary, prosecutors are entrusted with protecting the public’s abstract interest in justice, and an integral part of this role is …

Above Reproach? The U.S. Supreme Court's Ethical Issues, Christopher J. Przemieniecki, Jana Nestlerode, Carli Younce

Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

With society scrutinizing the American criminal justice system, a standard of ethics becomes ever so important for law enforcement officials, members of the bench, and correctional personnel. Creating a code of conduct not only benefits the individual players in the criminal justice system but it also protects the integrity of each institution. Unfortunately, one of the most important judicial branches in the criminal justice system, the United States Supreme Court, does not have, nor follow an ethical code of conduct. This creates a problem for criminal justice practitioners, the media, and society. This article examines the current requirements for a …

Place-Based Versus Practice-Based Norms For American Lawyers: "It's The End Of The World As We Know It (And I Feel Fine)", James E. Moliterno

South Carolina Law Review

No abstract provided.

Second Opinion: Health, Faith, And Ethics, 1994, V20 N2, October, Advocate Aurora Health

Historical Documents - Combined

Park Ridge Center, Park Ridge, IL: The October 1994 issue of "Second Opinion" (ISSN 0890-1570) includes:

• Initial Comment: On Violence and and Listening (Martin E. Marty) p. 8
• Surviving Sexual Violence (Susan J. Brison) p. 11
• The Risk of Hearing Death and Life in a Survivor's Story (Marlyne Cain and David Cain) p. 25
• The Case: Confessions of a Pastoral Visitor (Richard L. Morgan) p. 37
• Commentary: The Pastor as Patient (Richard E. Koenig) p. 43
• Commentary: Mid-Life Confessions (Al Miles) p. 49
• Femal Circumcision/Genital Mutilation and Ethical Relativism (Loretta M. Kopelman) p. 55
• On the Genesis of Hate: An …

Bulletin Of The Park Ridge Center, 1989, V4 N1, January, Advocate Aurora Health

Historical Documents - Combined

The Park Ridge Center, Park Ridge, IL: Issue of "Bulletin of The Park Ridge Center", a tri-annual publication from The Park Ridge Center - An Institute for the Study of Health, Faith, and Ethics, associated with Lutheran General Hospital. This issue has a feature essay by William F. May about clergy ethics; a health and medicine news digest; a discussion on compulsory organ donation; and current research summaries.

Ndas: How Should Christians Think About Non-Disclosure Agreements?, Donald Roth

Faculty Work Comprehensive List

"The answer to forward-looking NDAs may be for Christians to write better ones, rather than abandoning them altogether."

Posting about the pros and cons of non-disclosure agreements from In All Things - an online journal for critical reflection on faith, culture, art, and every ordinary-yet-graced square inch of God’s creation.

https://inallthings.org/ndas-how-should-christians-think-about-non-disclosure-agreements/

Social Work’S Role In Addressing Police Oppression: Social Workers’ Perspectives, Jess Husband

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Background: Black, Indigenous, people of color (BIPOC) and other marginalized identities experience constant oppression by the systems of policing. Based on the NASW Code of Ethics, social workers have an ethical responsibility to challenge social injustices. Because of the interactions between the two professions, social workers are in a unique position to engage in this social justice issue. Objective: This research study explored social workers’ perceptions of their ethical responsibilities in responding to oppressive policing. Methods: This concurrent nested mixed-method study gathered data from 12 participants. Participants were social workers within the state of Texas, recruited through …

Reflections On The Use Of Patient Records: Privacy, Ethics, And Reparations In The History Of Psychiatry, Jonathan Sadowsky

Faculty Scholarship

One of the most common questions we get asked as historians of psychiatry is “do you have access to patient records?” Why are people so fascinated with the psychiatric patient record? Do people assume they are or should be available? Does access to the patient record actually tell us anything new about the history of psychiatry? And if we did have them, what can, or should we do with them? In the push to both decolonize and personalize the history of psychiatry, as well as make some kind of account or reparation for past mistakes, how can we proceed in …

Foreign Detainee Operations Post 9/11: An Example Of The United States’ Ethical Compromise, Seth Longstreth

Honors Theses

Abstract: After 9/11, the United States government issued a series of policies that allowed tortuous interrogations to extract actionable information. After being a member of the Geneva Conventions and the Convention Against Torture, the U.S. directly defied these international treaties purely because it suited their interests during the retaliation against al-Qaeda. This paper seeks to address the lack of accountability that was present in the Bush administration and supporting departments while attempting to draft doctrine that capitalized on the subjectivity of torture laws, as well as the implications these actions have on the nation. This research takes a multi-case study …

Federal Law Enforcement Reform: Depoliticization Into A Constitutional Framework To Restore Public Confidence, Christopher J. Boosey

Senior Honors Theses

This thesis proposes that there is a lack of public confidence in federal law enforcement agencies and that this is because these agencies have become political weapons, investigating individuals rather than crimes, in violation of the U.S. Constitution. Following multiple scandals, from the historical targeting of the Civil Rights movement to present attempts to designate parents critical of school administrators as domestic terrorists, wholesale reform of these agencies is urgent. Therefore, this thesis will address the issue of politicization, political corruption, and the lack of adherence to constitutional principles through the problem, significance, and solution method. This thesis will first …

Law Enforcement's Assistance To The Mental Health Community, Megan Thompson

Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership

Mental health calls are an overwhelmingly consistent part of the law enforcement profession. With the lack of resources for the mental health community, law enforcement officers are becoming the contingency strategy. Relationships between the law enforcement and mental health communities are becoming imperative for every community. While developing these relationships, law enforcement officers can begin to develop response teams to handle mental health calls for service. Bringing on board clinical and non-clinical professionals from the mental health community can provide different intervention and therapy programs. Basic ethical principles, accepted in culture, include but are not limited to respect, honesty, and …

Paramilitary Model And Civilian Employee’S Impression Of Law Enforcement, Deanna Vue

Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership

Law enforcement agencies have long been facing a leadership crisis. Much of law enforcement organizational structure and leadership have been focused solely on police officers. Law enforcement leaders forget these traditional models and rigid structure also affect civilian personnel. The chain of command serves to streamline communication, not to facilitate unchecked behavior. However, many law enforcement leaders continue to rely on the chain of command for everything from mentoring, to coaching, to evaluation. Civilians may feel they are treated unequally and suffer from an unbalanced psychological injury. Some may consider it blasphemous to change the traditional organizational structure of law …

Law Enforcement’S Use Of Social Media: It Is More Then Just A Post, Brad Litke

Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership

Social media has become a preferred way to communicate for many and can be a look into the user’s personal life. However, law enforcement also knows this. Law enforcement’s use of social media for investigations has been proven to be effective in monitoring gatherings and helping to solve crimes. While legal, law enforcement also has an ethical responsibility to the community and have strong policies in place to prevent misuse of this tool. This is not the only use of social media by law enforcement. Social media is also used to interact with the community. Reviewing the good and bad …

Considerations For Marijuana Legalization, Joe Ainslie

Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership

Marijuana legalization began approximately 29 years ago but legalization has only gained momentum in recent years. Most states in the US have enacted laws allowing for medical marijuana or recreational marijuana use. These laws have all been enacted with the past 20 years and highlighted the complicated issue of legalization of once heavily controlled substances. Minnesota is now beginning the process of legalizing recreational use of marijuana and introduced legislation. Legalization has brought with it public health and safety concerns as well as ethical dilemmas. The specific concerns about an increase in driving while intoxicated/impaired (DWI), crashes, heightened criminality, and …

What Happened Within The Police Service When The Government Created The Offence Of “Corrupt Or Improper Practice” In Section 26 Of The Criminal Justice And Courts Act 2015?, Brendan Brookshaw

School of Society and Culture Theses

Title. What happened within the police service when the government created the offence of “Corrupt or Improper Practice” in section 26 of the Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015? Author Brendan P. Brookshaw Purpose. This PhD thesis offers explanations for the way in which the offence of Corrupt or Improper Practice by police officers was implemented within the service and is analysed through a framework of the psychology, ethics, and management of implementation. Using autoethnographic data as policing parables, it explores stories of police misconduct and suggests theoretical underpinnings for the drivers of corruption and how the police may react …

The Ethics Of Assisting Incarcerated People With Collective Action, Daniel J. Canon

Saint Louis University Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Chapter 17 Ethical Issues In Information Technology, Shambhavi Roy, Clinton Daniel, Manish Agrawal

FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: Textbook – English

Ethics are a community’s shared beliefs about what is good for the individual and for society and the duties that people owe themselves and one another. The word “ethics” traces to the Greek word ήθος (ethos), which describes the guiding ideals of a community. Though some ethical principles may be codified as law, ethics are more commonly enforced by disapproval among members of the community. For example, not breaking a promise to a friend is a common ethical principle. It is not prohibited by the law; however, strong disapprovals ensure that friends do not break promises among each other.

Today, …

Establishing A Framework For The Ethical And Legal Use Of Web Scrapers By Cybercrime And Cybersecurity Researchers: Learnings From A Systematic Review Of Australian Research, Katie Logos, Russell Brewer, Colette Langos, Bryce Westlake

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

The Internet has become an increasingly attractive location for collecting data about cyber threats, driven by the abundance of quality data available and accessible online. As such, researchers and practitioners have turned to automated data collection technologies (ADCT), including ‘web crawlers’ and ‘web scrapers’, to study these threats. The rapid proliferation of ADCT has meant directions for their ethical and legal operation have been slow to adapt, with no clear guidelines regulating their use for research. This article identifies the relevant ethical and legal frameworks guiding the deployment of ADCT in Australia for cybersecurity research. This is accomplished through a …