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Aggressivity And Violence: An Alternative Theory Of Human Nature, Mary E. Clark

Peace and Conflict Studies

Excerpt

I open by clarifying the term "aggression" which is used in many contexts besides the one I am discussing (e.g. "the aggressive treatment of disease," or "the aggression of a predatory hunter," etc.). I restrict it to "intentional acts of violence meant to hurt one another, physically or psychologically."

G98-1345 Family Asset Mapping, Herbert G. Lingren

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

All families have assets. Strengthening them is critical for a healthy family life. This NebGuide presents several opportunities for doing that.

The Family Relationship Bank Account

Successful family living requires two bank accounts: a financial account, which allows the purchase of goods and services, and a relationship account, which promotes sustainability, bonding and togetherness. When assets are many and the account balance is large, there is enough "money" to meet the relational demands that exist between couples, the family demands of raising children and the social demands of living in a community. At other times, when withdrawals are high, or …

‘Pleasures’, ‘Pains’ And Animal Welfare: Toward A Natural History Of Affect, D. Fraser, I. J.H. Duncan

Animal Welfare Collection

In hedonic theories of motivation, 'motivational affective states' (MASs) are typically seen as adaptations which motivate certain types of behaviour, especially in situations where a flexible or learned response is more adaptive than a rigid or reflexive one. MASs can be negative (eg unpleasant feelings of hunger or pain) or positive (eg pleasant feelings associated with eating and playing). Hedonic theories often portray negative and positive MASs as opposite ends of a one-dimensional scale.

We suggest that natural selection has favoured negative and positive affect as separate processes to solve two different types of motivational problems. We propose that negative …