Digital Commons Network^™

Design And Fabrication Of Astrophysical Instrumentation For Distinguishing Infrared Sources, Serena M. Tramm

Theses

Observations in the near- and far-infrared allow us to probe through cosmic clouds of gas and dust to uncover processes that are obscured at other wavelengths such as young stars embedded in dust clouds, thermal emission from the interstellar medium, and the birth of galaxies. However, cosmic infrared light is obstructed by Earth's atmosphere. As a result, infrared astrophysical instrumentation is often designed for use in space. As specific examples of technologies addressing the kind of science that can be performed at these wavelengths, I will discuss my contributions to two applications of infrared instrumentation: a Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) …

Career Development Center Reformation: Enhancing The Employability Of Up Students, Blendrit Elezaj

Theses

Kosovo’s youth is facing immense challenges in finding jobs and be an active part of the labor force. With a more than 60% young population (Kosovo Statistical Agency), it is certainly the country with the youngest population in Europe. Out of the ones already part of the labor force, 55.9% are unemployed (KSA) – a percentage that is increasing annually, with more and more students graduating and entering the labor force. The University of Prishtina, as an institution of higher education and a major channel of Kosovar youth towards the labor force, has a significant role in preparing them to …

The Movement: A Performance Venue, Matthew J. Burke

Theses

The aim for the thesis project is to design a concert venue for the City of Saint Albans, Vermont. The venue will serve as an entertainment hotspot, an educational tool, a set of rehearsal spaces, and performance halls with recording capabilities. The goal is to create a welcoming entertainment and educational environment, open to use by all, to show that music is more than entertainment, but also a hobby, an educational medium, a skill-set, and a tool.

The driving theme behind the project is the concept of "movement." Its first representation is in music. Sound itself is movement; it is …

The Role Of Municipalities In Developing Kosovo Mountain Villages, Blerina Halili

Theses

The mountainous villages of Kosovo are on a verge of development due to a substantial number of challenges hindering their progress. The role that municipalities have in developing these villages is crucial in terms of overcoming these challenges, and through it, ensuring future development. This study has investigated the role this role while placing particular focus upon the municipalities of Shtërpce and Dragash. The study which included 150 research participants has been carried out in eleven mountain villages surrounding these municipalities. Through it several areas have been investigated, such as the quality of the public services offered, current economic standing …

Developing New Products For Emerging Markets: A Competency Based Approach, Donna Seyler, Kiat Chyai Kang, Matthew Place

Theses

Emerging markets as represented by BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) countries signify an enormous growth opportunity and a "must win" market for MNCs (multinational companies). It is estimated that by 2013, the middle class in BRIC countries will be larger than the population of Western Europe, USA and Japan combined. For companies focusing on developing new products, emerging markets represent a large and potentially attractive new customer base. Unfortunately, MNCs are strategically disadvantaged in developing new products for the emerging markets. Compared to developed markets, emerging markets have significant geographical, economic, social, culture, infrastructure and governmental differences. The problem …

Exploring Tourism Development On Uninhabited Islands, Mohamed Jamal

Theses

Travel Industry has become the bread winner of many Island destinations across the globe. The practices, policies and institutional forms used in developing tourism on public lands vary from destination to destination. The research aims to identify the practices, policies and institutional forms in development of tourism consisting of resorts or hotels in public lands specifically on uninhabited islands. Public lands referred in this thesis include lands, beaches, sea owned by governments or the 'public sector'. The term 'public sector' covers the whole range of public organizations from national government ministries and departments to government business enterprises and local government …

Waiting For The Sun, Terrance Murray

Theses

None provided.

Studies On The Lith Development Of A Silver Iodobromide Emulsion, Larry Zurbrick

Theses

The lithographic development of a silver iodobromide emulsion with thiocyanate substituted for bromide in a lith developer formulation showed differences in behavior with regard to induction time and maximum rate of development at equal levels of normality. An experiment was designed with development time, halide concentration, and exposure level as the variables with maximum rate of development, time to reach 0.20 optical density (induction time), and slope at 0.40 optical density as the response parameters. The maximum rate of development with the developer containing bromide was found to be significantly dependent upon exposure level and not significantly dependent upon bromide …

The Effects Of Polyethylene Oxide On Dmaac's "B" Type Developer, Harold Mccullough

Theses

This report describes the results of a study comparing ASA speed, contrast index, and resolution from a developer time series. The time series was made on six levels each of PEO-400, -600, -1000, and -1500 added to DMAAC's "B" developer. Kodak's SO-277, low contrast, and SO-243, high contrast, aerial duplicating films were used. Results show that PEO-400, at a concentration of 30ml/l, can be a material help in getting higher speeds and contrast index from SO-277 aerial duplicating film without loss of resolution.

Comparison Of Bromide, Benzotriazole, And Phenyl Mercaptotetrazole And Their Effect On Photographic Development, James Kretchmer

Theses

A comparison of three commonly used antifoggants was made. Their effect on the formation of fog and image density development was studied using a rate factor of development. This rate factor is defined as the slope of the curve for density-log development time. Bromide and benzotriazole were found to have no effect on the rate of development whereas 1-phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole was found to significantly reduce the rate of development. Bromide and benzotriazole were found to cause a suppression of image density only by increasing the time before density formation begins.

An Experimental Comparison Of Emulsions Of The Same Type Of Different Iodide Levels, Seilay Wong

Theses

Single run neutral type iodobromide emulsions of 1, 5 and 10 mole % were made similarly. On development to 0.7 gamma with Kodak developers D23 and DK50, it was found that the 10% iodide emulsion had faster speed than the 1% iodide emulsion but yet its granularity was no greater than the 1% iodide emulsion. There is no evidence that the performance in D23 as compared to DK50 was improved with increasing iodide percentage.

Sensitometric Study Of Io-Bromized Daguerreotype Plates, Mark Stebbins

Theses

This research deals with a study of speed and contrast of daguerreotype plates that receive varying levels of sensitizing to the fumes of iodine, then bromine, and finally, a second iodizing. This sensitizing operation along with mercury development and gold gilding are characteristic of the process in its most improved state. Statistical analysis reveals how iodizing and bromizing affect speed and contrast. A field study was conducted to relate the sensitometric data to images produced in the camera. The experiment suggests an exposure index of .05 for the optimum in speed. This would correspond to an exposure of roughly 1 …

Mtf And Adjacency Effects Of Vesicular Film, Timothy Sewell, Paul Willig

Theses

The Modulation Transfer Function and adjacency effects are important measurements of a photographic material. For vesicular film it is of interest to investigate the MTF and adjacency effects with relation to the three variable parameters, development temperature, exposure and development time. This investigation clearly shows that adjacency effects do occur in vesicular film, and that exposure and development temperature are important factors in determinating the film MTF.

Copper Physical Development Of Copper Latent Images, Gregg Tashker, Peter Schreiber

Theses

Copper physical development of copper latent images was researched. The proposed method for producing copper latent images was to soak a titanium dioxide in a copper (II) sulfate nucleating bath and expose to UV radiation below 4l0nm. The exposures were to produce the copper latent image. Three physical developers were used to try to intensify the latent images. The developers utilize an iron (II)/iron (III) redox system to reduce copper (II) sulfate to copper metal. The developers also contain carboxylic acids as complexing agents for iron (III) ions and cationic surfactants for stability. The printout achieved was not stable and …

The Influence Of Bromide And Polyethylene Oxide Upon Development Kinetics, Robert Durbin

Theses

It has been previously reported that the speed and contrast of a given film-developer combination is influenced by the addition of PEO to either the developer or to the emulsion. Factorial experiments were conducted upon Ag(Brl) and Ag(BrCl) films to determine the PEO development effects on hydroquinone and N-methyl-p-aminophenol developers of normal sulfite level. Various levels of exposure, bromide concentration, and PEO addition to the developer were employed to gain information about possible interactions as well as individual effects. Density-log time of development curves were obtained using the method of arrested development. Response variables were induction period and maximum rate …

Closet Photography, Alida Cronin

Theses

None provided.

Image Spread In The Infectious Development Of Graphic Arts Film, William Colgan

Theses

The problem of this experiment is to determine which of three factors; sulfite level, bromine level, and development time, affect the image spreading during the infectious development of a graphic arts film. Three different levels of each factor will be studied. The method used consists of measuring the distance between two fine edges on a test target. This test target is then contact printed onto the graphic arts film. The distance between the two fine edges on the graphic arts film is then measured. Any difference between the two distances will be the result of image spreading. It is these …

The Use Of Thin Layer Chromatography (Tlc) In Qualitative And Quantitative Determinations Of Photographic Developing Agents (In Developer Solution) Using A Scanning Densitometer, Michael Gilbert

Theses

TLC was used, for qualitative and quantitative analysis of photographic developing agents hydroquinone, metol, phenidone, para phenylenediamine, para aminophenol, ascorbic acid and the oxidized species. Experimental conditions and procedures for reporting Rf values of the aqueous solutions of the developing agent were standardized. Quantitative TLC was done for hydroquinone. The density maxima obtained from the scanning densitometric trace of the eluted and visualized chromatogram was correlated to the concentration of the hydroquinone. Aqueous solutions of hydroquinone were prepared at four levels of concentration, three levels of pH and two levels of sodium sulfite concentration for quantitative analysis using TLC.

Statistical Analysis Of Grain Growth Based On The Frieser-Eger Film On Development Kinetics, Noreen Vredenburg, Sharon Perry

Theses

Data were obtained from the Frieser-Eger1 film on development kinetics for initiation times and for total development times of individual grains (times of complete development) in a lithographic developer and in a hydroquinone developer with normal sulfite level. Approximate areas were computed for each grain. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the process of development at the two sulfite levels and to determine if there is a functional relationship between total development time and grain size. Different relationships were expected for the two types of developers. This data analysis permits a better understanding of the differences between lithographic …

Investigations In Post-Fixation Physical Development, R. Jerry, J. Nelson

Theses

The procedure outlined by Matejec, Photograpische Korrespondenz, 104, 153 (1968), fixation in a thiosulfate-sulfite solution to which AgBr has been added, followed by washing in 1% sulfite solution, and development in a metol-sulfite-AgNO3 developer, was tested on seven silver iodobromide emulsions, each of a different average grain size. Samples were exposed, and processed by chemical and physical development. Matejec’s results, equality of threshold speed with post-fixation physical and chemical development, could only be realized with a very fine grain emulsion and high intensity exposure. It was found that the efficiency of physical development, relative to chemical development, is inversely related …

An Investigation Of The Mechanism Of Emulsion Stabilization By 4-Hydroxy-6-Methyl-1,3,3a,7-Tetraazaindene, Eddie Rising

Theses

There is considerable speculation in literature as to the mechanism of photographic emulsion stabilization by 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,3,3a,7-tetraazaindene, (Aza). Aza is important as a stabilizer because, unlike the heterocyclic mercaptans, it causes no desensitization when the emulsion is processed in the commonly used MQ developing agents. The mercaptans are strongly adsorbed, whereas Aza is weakly adsorbed on silver halide. Therefore, there has been speculation that the stabilization mechanism of Aza is distinctly different from that of the mercaptans. For this work, Aza was tested as an antifogging agent and development restrainer along with KBr, as a reference, in two developers which function …

Landscapes In Gum, Barbara Johnson

Theses

None provided.

Comparison Of The Development Characteristics Of A Sodium Thiosulfate Monobath With That Of A Mercaptoacetic Acid Monobath, Richard Smith

Theses

The development characteristics of mercaptoacetic acid monobaths were compared with those of sodium thiosulfate monobaths at varying fixing-agent concentrations. The following differences were noted: (1) it required four times more moles-per-liter of sodium thiosulfate than metcaptoacetic acid to obtain the same rate of fixation; (2) the mercaptoacetic acid monobath produced less silver than the sodium thiosulfate; (3) KODAK Panatomic-X Film developed in a mercaptoacetic acid monobath had a covering power greater than or equal to that produced by development in the same phenidone-hydroquinone developer without any fixing agent, whereas the covering power of the sodium thiosulfate monobath was less; (4) …

Tone Reproduction Of Small-Scale Images Using Lithographic Film Under Infectious And Noninfectious Developmental Conditions, Julian Lopez

Theses

The tone reproduction curve of small-scale images on KODALITH film developed with KODALITH Super Developer were obtained by microdensitometry using a sinusoidal target of 64 percent modulation as a sensitometric tablet to produce images at spatial frequencies corresponding to screen rulings of 9 to 375 lines/inch. A similar series of exposures was processed with addition of sulfite to the developer to give essentially noninfectious development. Speed and contrast with KODALITH developer increased with spatial frequency; speed increased continuously by a small factor and contrast passed through a maximum (80 percent greater than for large area image) at a spatial frequency …

Spatial Interactions In Monobath Development, Gary Mcsweeney

Theses

The sensitometric effects of varying developing agent concentration, fixing agent concentration, and pH in a monobath developer were studied with Kodak Tri-X Pan film. Three variables (gamma, base plus fog, and a shoulder density) were studied under varying levels of each of the factors. A factorial experiment was run and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine whether or not each of the main factors and the two-factor interactions were significant. The higher order interactions were used as a measure of experimental error for the analysis. In the range of the factors being investigated, it was found that: …

Changing The Contrast Of Ektacolor Paper, Britton Hopkin

Theses

Practical effects (contrast, fog, maximum density, and scale index) on the characteristic curves of Ektacolor paper were found for variations in the concentrations of sodium carbonate, potassium bromide, 6-nitrobenzimidazole nitrate (Kodak AF-71), color developing agent (Kodak CD-3), pH, and citrazinic acid (CZA) in an Ektacolor developer used on the Kodak model 11 drum processor. The effects of pH, citrazinic acid, potassium bromide were found to be significant while the effects 6-nitro benzimidazol nitrate and CD-3 were significant only in isolated insidences.

Color Monobath Development, John Plumadore

Theses

Not included.

The Effects Of Sludge On The Image Quality Of A Particular Film-Monobath Combination, Alfred Dilascia, Ronald Hubbard

Theses

Sludge is considered by many to be a factor limiting the usefulness of monobaths. A particular film-monobath combination was tested for the effects of sludge on sensitometry, granularity, and acutance. It was found that the presence of sludge did not alter the sensitometric characteristics; however, through solution usage, the acutance and granularity decreased. Removal of the sludge by filtration during usage resulted in improved image quality over the comparison solution in which sludge was allowed to accumulate.

The Electrolytic Regeneration Of A Phenidone-Hydroquinone Developer, Howard Hall

Theses

An attempt was made to regenerate a phenidone -hydroquinone developer. During the electrolysis the concentration of all the components remained constant with the exception of bromide, which was released as bromine from the anode. The possible use of the apparatus to remove bromide and reduce the replenishment rate in a continous processing system is suggested.