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Institutions, Property Rights, And Growth, Paul Joseph Zak

The Gruter Institute Working Papers on Law, Economics, and Evolutionary Biology

This paper presents a growth model in which property rights are insecure and costly to enforce. Losses of property provide the impetus to establish institutions which seek to enforce property rights. Institutions are shown to implement policies that enforce property rights. The model establishes that economies in which the institutional structure does not adequately protect property rights grow slowly, or not at all, while countries with better property rights protection grow in accordance with the standard neoclassical model. Because income inequality is a primary incentive to violate another's property rights, the model also provides a positive theory of income redistribution. …

The Indivisibility Of Economic And Political Rights, Linda M. Keller

Human Rights & Human Welfare

A review of:

Development as Freedom by Amartya Sen. New York: Knopf , 1999 (Paperback Edition: Random House, 2000). 366pp.

Just And Unjust Compensation: The Future Of The Navigational Servitude In Condemnation Cases, Alan T. Ackerman, Noah Eliezer Yanich

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

In 1967, the U.S. Supreme Court, in United States v. Rands, expanded the navigational servitude doctrine governing the federal government's power over land adjoining a navigable waterway by severely qualifying the government's Fifth Amendment obligation to compensate the landowner. This Article addresses the issue in the following ways: Part I surveys Congress' power to regulate navigable waters under the Commerce Clause. Part II summarizes the development of the navigational servitude doctrine and some of its inhibitory effects on waterfront development, especially under Rands. It explains the fundamental unfairness of the Rands principle and demonstrates why this constitutional rule …

Understanding Sprawl: Lessons From Architecture For Legal Scholars, Mark S. Davies

Michigan Law Review

What is suburban "sprawl"? Why is it undesirable? Why do many Americans nevertheless choose to live in sprawl? Do local zoning laws contribute to sprawl? Can democratic institutions discourage it? Legal scholars are beginning to study these urgent and complex questions. This Essay reviews Suburban Nation: The Rise of Sprawl and the Decline of the American Dream, by Andres Duany, Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk, and Jeff Speck, leading architects of the influential New Urbanism or traditional town planning movement. This review makes five points about the legal study of sprawl. First, Suburban Nation provides a definition of "sprawl" that the law can …

The Performance Of The Nigerian Capital Market Since Deregulation In 1986., J. A. Babalola, M. A. Adegbite

Economic and Financial Review

The capital Market in Nigeria had been influenced by various factors which are associated with the level of development of the Nigerian economy. The paper discusses the development of the capital market with emphasis on the period since deregulation in 1986. The institutions that are crucial for the delivery of financial services in the market were analysed with focus on their evolution, performance and prospects. The. market in Nigeria was compared with other emerging markets with the conclusion that the market, remains shallow and without the expected variety that characterised markets in countries at similar level of development. The prospects …

Determinants Of Foreign Direct Investment (Fdi) In Nigeria: An Empirical Investigation., H. A. Salako, B. S. Adebusuyi

Economic and Financial Review

This paper examines, empirically, the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Nigeria. The results indicate that exchange rate, government capital investment in infrastructure and credit to the domestic economy are some of the main factors that influence FDI flow to Nigeria. In particular, it shows that the ratio of external debt to GDP (Debt/GDP) was an important determinant of the flow of foreign investment. FDI was also observed to be sensitive to domestic interest rate and real per capita income. The study also highlights the need to maintain political stability in order to attract FDI.

Introduction: The Building Blocks To Recognition Of Human Rights And Democracy: Reconciliation, Rule Of Law And Domestic And International Peace, James D. Wilets

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

The theme of this 2000 Goodwin Seminar issue, "International Human Rights in the 21st Century: The Role of Development, Reconciliation and Democracy in Securing World Peace," addresses one of the great ironies of the late twentieth century.

Effects Of Salinity On Development In The Ghost Shrimp Callichirus Islagrande And Two Populations Of C. Major (Crustacea: Decapoda: Thalassinidea), K.M. Strasser, D.L. Felder

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Salinity (S) was abruptly decreased from 35‰ to 25‰ at either the 4th zoeal (ZIV) or decapodid stage (D) in Callichirus islagrande (Schmitt) and 2 populations of C. major (Say). Other larvae were maintained at stable 35‰ or 25‰ S throughout development. In C. islagrande, duration of ZIV did not vary among the stable salinities. However, a decrease of salinity at ZIV reduced the duration of this stage, suggesting that the S decrease could be a possible cue for acceleration of larval development. In the Gulf population of C. major duration of ZIV was significantly longer at stable 35‰ …