Digital Commons Network^™

Do Poor Countries Catch Up To Rich Countries? Structural Change In The World-Economy, 1816-1916, Jared Walker

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Fall 2023 to Present

Do poor countries catch up to rich countries? To answer that question, countries were divided into upper class (core), middle class (semi-periphery), and lower class (periphery) based on degree of industrialization as indicated by primary energy consumption data. Findings indicated twenty-three upward transitions and five downward transitions during the period examined. Asymmetrical upward mobility was understood in the context of geographic expansion of the system. This sufficiently increased the population of the lower class (periphery) to support larger populations in the middle class (semi-periphery) and upper class (core). Nevertheless, probability analysis indicated a stable system characterized by high levels of …

Notes On Lung Development In South African Ghost Frogs (Anura: Heleophrynidae), Jackson R. Phillips, Jens Reissig, Gary Kyle Nicolau

Biology Student Research

Lungs are a prototypical trait of most tetrapods, but some amphibians have become secondarily lungless over evolutionary time. Anuran (frog) tadpoles offer an opportunity to examine lung loss from an evolutionary perspective, because there are many independent instances where lungs are not inflated until adulthood, and so are functionally lost. Lung loss is typically associated with living in fast-flowing streams, and so we examined larval lung development in the stream specialist family Heleophrynidae. We find that one genus, Hadromophryne Van Dijk, 2008, has large lungs as tadpole, while the other genus, Heleophryne Sclater, 1898, has much smaller, stunted lung buds. …

The Impact Of Utah 4-H On Positive Youth Development, Lendel K. Narine, Kelsey Romney, David Francis, Craig Dart

Outcomes and Impact Quarterly

4-H is the largest youth development program in the United States. Utah 4-H conducts programs guided by the principles of positive youth development to help youth across the state lead a successful life. This article discusses the impact of Utah 4-H on the wellbeing of youth.

“I Come Out Because I Love You”: Positive Coming Out Experiences Among Latter-Day Saint Sexual And Gender Minorities, Samuel J. Skidmore, G. Tyler Lefevor, Adlyn M. Perez-Figueroa

Psychology Faculty Publications

Background:

Coming out conversations are pivotal and stressful experiences for sexual and gender minorities (SGMs). Coming out can lead to more affirmation, safety, confidence, and improved relationships. However, adverse coming out experiences can lead to damaged relationships and ostracization, which may be more likely in conservative religious contexts.

Purpose:

The purpose of the current study was to explore what leads to positive coming out experiences for SGM members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

Method:

A sample of 25 current or former Latter-day Saint (LDS) SGMs participated in semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results: …

Flight Model Development Of The Agu Remote Innovative Cubesat Alert System - Arica, Yasuyo Hata, Takanori Sakamoto, Motoko Serino, Maomao Duan, Tomoya Watanabe, Yuki Gouma, Hikaru Takahashi, Yuki Ueda, Yuto Nagamine, Teruaki Enoto, Yuuki Wada, Yoichi Yatsu

Small Satellite Conference

We present the flight model development of the 1U CubeSat, AGU Remote Innovative CubeSat Alert system (ARICA), which is scheduled to be launched in the Japanese fiscal year 2021 as the JAXA Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-2 project. The main goal of ARICA is to demonstrate the real-time alert system of the transient astronomical sources using commercial satellite network devices. The development of the flight components has been finished in April 2021. The thermal vacuum test was conducted at the end of April 2021. The vibration and shock tests were performed in May 2021. We are currently in the final stage …

Development Project Overview For Mep Engine Propulsion System For Small Satellites, Ahmad Al-Hawasli, Graeme Aston

Small Satellite Conference

Ball Aerospace (Ball) and the Electric Propulsion Laboratory, Inc. (EPL) are in partnership to develop a high specific impulse electric propulsion system. The propulsion system is based on EPL’s Magneto-gradient Electrostatic Plasma 650-Watt (MEP 650) engine technology. The goal of the MEP 650 project is to develop a flight-like, engineering model (EM) MEP 650 system that can meet future Ball Small Satellite (SmallSat) mission requirements. These requirements are met by an engine that operates at a discharge power of 650 W in self-heating mode, attains a specific impulse of 1,500 seconds, a thrust of 29 mN, and processes about 7.0 …

Test System Development For A Novel Plasma Propulsion Device, Charlie Clark, Thomas Clayson, Mark Stokes, James Bass, David Salmon, H. Eshbaugh, S. D. K. Theocharous, C. K. Stavrou

Small Satellite Conference

The Magdrive: A next generation in-space electric propulsion system based on the generation of super dense plasma and magnetic plume confinement. The system offers high levels of thrust, along with variable specific impulse that allows the user to achieve the high thrust required for responsive, rapid manoeuvres, or the efficient high specific impulse for long duration thrusts, all with one device.

A Tunacan Water-Based Thruster For Cubesats: System Development And Qualification, Marco Pavan, Roman Zakharov, Ivan Timofeev, Gleb Philin, Pavel Savin, Vladimir Fedorov

Small Satellite Conference

Governments and industries developed an increasing interest towards CubeSats and Small Satellites for commercial and scientific missions, however the general absence of propulsion capabilities is limiting the market potential. Electric propulsion systems are generally associated with low thrust and high power requirements, while cold gas thrusters are inefficient because of the low Specific Impulse (lsp). SteamJet Space Systems has developed a very compact, low pressure, water powered electrothermal thruster able to provide a high level of thrust, using less than 20W of power and with a specific impulse in excess of 170 s.

Lunar Icecube: Development Of Thermal Management System, Boris Yendler, Benjamin K. Malphrus, Nathan Fite

Small Satellite Conference

Design of a thermal control system for Lunar IceCube faced several challenges. Firstly, components have vastly different requirements for operational temperature range and heat dissipation. Secondly, the spacecraft does not have enough external surface to reject waste heat by traditionally designed thermal control system. Thirdly, integration of components into a single thermal control system represents a challenge due to several factors: namely, thermal interference between components due to high packing density; incompatibility of some components which are made by different vendors.

The paper discusses a successful solution of the mentioned above problems. It shows that customization of thermal control systems …

Lessons Learned From The Development And Flight Of The First Miniature Tethered Electrodynamics Experiment (Mitee-1), George Li, Liam Spence, Mitchel Miller, Maya Pandya, Nick Stankey, Allison Hancock, Raymond Lu, Christopher Park, Anish Rajesh, Alex Beloiu, Brian Gilchrist

Small Satellite Conference

The Miniature Tether Electrodynamics Experiment (MiTEE) CubeSat team is a technological advancement project intended to evaluate technology for Electrodynamic Tether (EDT) propulsion on very small pico- and femto-satellite platforms. MiTEE is demonstrating this through a series of missions starting with MiTEE-1, a 3U CubeSat designed to characterize the electron current collection behavior of a biased, simulated picosat mounted at the end of a 1-meter deployable boom. In addition, a miniaturized Langmuir probe electronics board was flown to characterize the ambient plasma environment. MiTEE-1 was launched successfully with Virgin Orbit’s Launch Demo 2 flight on NASA’s 20th Educational Launch of Nanosatellites …

Influence Of Anthropogenic Subsidies On Movements Of Common Ravens, Adam E. Duerr, Peter H. Bloom, Kerry Ross, Tricia A. Miller, Melissa A. Braham, Amy L. Fesnock, Todd E. Katzner

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Anthropogenic subsidies can benefit populations of generalist predators such as common ravens (ravens; Corvus corax), which in turn may depress populations of many types of species at lower-trophic levels, including desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) or greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). Management of subsidized ravens often has targeted local breeding populations that are presumed to affect species of concern and ignored “urban” populations of ravens. However, little is known about how ravens move, especially in response to the presence of anthropogenic subsidies. Therefore, subsidized ravens from distant populations that are not managed may influence local prey. To …

Water Resources International Development: What On Earth Are We Doing?, Patrick Ray

All ECSTATIC Materials

Large agencies such as the World Bank, the Millennium Challenge Corporation, the United Nations, regional development banks (such as the Asian Development Bank), and philanthropic organizations (such as the Rockefeller Foundation) are actively engaged in water resources development in low-income countries. Why? And what metrics do they use to decide if the investments of hundreds of millions or billions of dollars in water infrastructure projects are justified? And what accommodations do they tend to make for risks such as climate change? And what attention do they tend to give to questions of equity? I probably have no idea. But I’ve …

Development Of An Antenna Positioner For S- And X-Band Ground Segment, Kerry Clapham, Chris Hann, Robin Mcneill

Small Satellite Conference

Through careful engineering and a little serendipity we have designed and built a commercial-grade 3.7 m S/X- band antenna, positioning system, full predictive ACU and scheduler from a mix of surplus and cheaply sourced parts. The predictive ACU is ready for commercialisation.

The Development And Application Of The F Prime Magicdraw Plug-In User Handbook, Trent Rich

Small Satellite Conference

F Prime is an open-source framework developed at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to facilitate software development for small-scale flight systems. In addition to providing a suite of tools for software development, F Prime enables the modeling and generation of flight software through a MagicDraw plug-in. Systems modeling methodologies, such as Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE), leverage modeling languages, such as SysML, and tools, such as MagicDraw, to capture and maintain system design. However, these methodologies typically neglect software, capturing only the system hardware and behavior. For CubeSat projects, it is desired to develop …

Development Of A Low-Cost Multi-Camera Star Tracker For Small Satellites, Hongrui Zhao, Michael Lembeck

Small Satellite Conference

This paper presents a novel small satellite star tracker that uses multiple low-cost cameras to achieve viable attitude determination performance. The theoretical analysis of the star detectability improvement by stacking images from multiple cameras is presented. An image processing algorithm is developed to combine images from multiple cameras with various focal lengths, principal point offsets, distortions, and misalignments. The star tracker also implements other algorithms including the region growing algorithm, the intensity weighted centroid algorithm, the geometric voting algorithm for star identification, and the singular value decomposition algorithm for attitude determination. A star tracker software simulator is used to test …

Cislunar Explorers: Lessons Learned From The Development Of An Interplanetary Cubesat, Aaron Zucherman, Kelly Jawork, Aaron Buchwald, Abhinav Naikawadi, Charlie Robinson, Eashaan Kumar, Elliot Kann, George Orellana, Michael Zakoworotny, Oren Alon, Sydney Rzepka, Van Adams, Curran Muhlberger, Mason Peck

Small Satellite Conference

The Cislunar Explorers mission is a pair of ~3U nanosatellites (named Hydrogen and Oxygen) launching as a single 6U CubeSat as part of NASA’s Artemis-1 mission on the Space Launch System (SLS). The two spacecraft will demonstrate technologies increasing the reach, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness of interplanetary smallsats. These innovations include water electrolysis propulsion, multi-body optical navigation, passive spin-stabilization, and the operation of femtosatellites beyond low earth orbit. Cislunar Explorers also serves as a pathfinder for demonstrating the utility and versatility of water for future In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) on space missions. Critical subsystems complement each other to reduce the …

Methodologies For Development Of A Modular Wiring Harness For Use In Small Satellite Constellations, Katie Gwozdecky

Small Satellite Conference

With the rise of satellite constellations imminent, the University of Toronto Space Flight Laboratory has prioritized creating repeatable, modular spacecraft bus designs that can be produced with lower effort, cost, and time. Streamlining for larger production quantities inspired the development of a new SFL bus. DEFIANT aims to satisfy the need for a spacecraft bus capable of supporting a wide variety of payloads all using almost identical structure, power architecture, computing systems and wiring harness. The wiring harness connects all electrical components within the structure and can pose significant challenges during assembly and integration if not considered during initial design. …

Development Of A Low-Resource Combined Gamma-Ray And Neutron Spectrometer For Planetary Science, Katherin E. Mesick, Daniel D. S. Coupland, Kurtis D. Bartlett, Darrel T. Beckman, Stephen T. West, Laura C. Stonehill, Nicholas A. Dallmann, Steven A. Storms, William C. Feldman

Small Satellite Conference

Planetary neutron and gamma-ray spectroscopy (NGRS) has become a standard technique to measure distinctive geochemical composition and volatile abundance signatures for key elements relevant to planetary structure and evolution. Previous NGRS measurements have led to the discovery of the concentration of many elements including hydrogen on the Moon, Mars, Mercury, and the asteroids Eros, Vesta, and Ceres, but by utilizing separate NGRS. We have developed the Elpasolite Planetary Ice and Composition Spectrometer (EPICS) instrument, an innovative and combined NGRS with low resource requirements. EPICS incorporates elpasolite scintillator read out by silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) to provide significant reduction in size, weight, …

Design And Development Of On-Orbit Servicing Cubesat-Class Satellite, Ansley N. Knight, Trent R. Tetterton, Alec J. Engl, Peter M. Sinkovitz, Bailee J. Ward, Jin S. Kang

Small Satellite Conference

The long term vision of the Naval Academy Satellite Team for Autonomous Robotics (NSTAR) is to lower both the risk and cost of on-orbit space system construction and repair through the use of a CubeSat robotic arm system. NSTAR developments will enable space agencies and private companies to construct large, complex structures in space at a reduced cost with greater diagnostic assessment ability. Robotic Experimental Construction Satellite (RECS) is designed as NSTAR’s second project iteration and works to meet five different capabilities for semi-autonomous orbit assembly. RECS is a 3U CubeSat with two extendable robotic arms, each with six degrees …

Development Of A Super-Small Solid Rocket Motor For Omotenashi, Naoki Morishita, Keiichi Hori, Junji Kikuchi, Tatsuaki Hashimoto, Yoshimichi Sago, Kiyoyuki Watanabe, Hiroyuki Sasayama, Hiroshi Sumida, Hirokazu Takuma

Small Satellite Conference

Background of the OMOTENASHI Mission.

• To be launched by NASA’s SLS Artemis 1 in the early 2020s, OMOTENASHI will be one of the 13 CubeSats launched as secondary payloads.
• With a size of 6U (113×239×366 mm) and a mass of CubeSat, it is the world’s smallest moon lander.
• Aims to land on the moon.

Engineering Model Development Of Hibari: Microsatellite For Technology Demonstration Of Variable-Shape Attitude Control, Kei Watanabe, Yuhei Kikuya, Kiyona Miyamoto, Tsuyoshi Nakashima, Teruaki Hayashi, Yoichi Okamoto, Naoki Kawaguchi, Hiroyuki Kobayashi, Soichi Sato, Shogo Nerome, Toshihiro Chujo, Yoichi Yatsu, Saburo Matunaga

Small Satellite Conference

We are developing a 40kg class microsatellite “HIBARI”. The main technical mission is demonstration a novel attitude control method called “Variable Shape Attitude Control (VSAC)” proposed by Matunaga, Tokyo Institute of Technology. This VSAC is based on an idea to utilize a reaction torque generated by changing the shape of satellites, for example driving solar array paddles by actuators. HIBARI is planned to be launched in fiscal year 2021 under “Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration Program” led by JAXA. We are developing EM of HIBARI and describes those in this paper. Specifically, the results of missions, systems, and various tests are …

Applying Modern Software System Design To Small Satellite Development And Operations, Michael Wilson

Small Satellite Conference

Small satellite development and operations can be dramatically improved using contemporary software practices and such technologies as system monitoring, containerization, and data analytics. By logging system metrics at all stages of satellite development and operation, as is common practice in current software development operations practices, satellite operators can implement new software more quickly, detect failures sooner, and analyze information more effectively. Michigan eXploration Laboratory (MXL) at the University of Michigan has created a system that aggregates millions of data points from a wide range of sources including our satellite development units, our servers, our ground stations, open source ground station …

Development, Application, And Distribution Of The Cubesat System Reference Model, David Kaslow, Steven Maclaird

Small Satellite Conference

SSWG has been investigating the applicability of MBSE for designing CubeSats since 2011.

First phase developed a SysML model of a CubeSat and applied it to the Radio Aurora Explorer. The second phase included modeling behaviors and the third phase included carrying out trade studies. The current phase is the development of a CubeSat System Reference Model (CSRM).

Closed Loop Analysis Of Space Systems (Class): A Modular Test System For Cubesat Development, Marc Akiki, Michael Lembeck

Small Satellite Conference

Closed Loop Analysis of Space Systems (CLASS) is a small satellite test system engineered and maintained by the Laboratory for Advanced Space Systems at Illinois (LASSI), which is affiliated with the Department of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. CLASS is designed to be modular and user-friendly while providing the capability to perform accurate and reliable closed-loop tests. Commercial and academic CubeSat developers struggle to implement adequate testing procedures because of the relatively short development timeline and the sophisticated and inaccessible nature of space systems test equipment. Hardware-in-the-loop testing offers a convenient “test-as-you-fly, fly-as-you-test” validation and verification …

Smallsat Platform Development For Coast Guard Academy Collaborative Space-Based Research, Royce W. James, Richard W. Freeman, Lorraine A. Allen, Erik Tejero, Brian Kay, Jin S. Kang

Small Satellite Conference

Collaborations utilizing small spacecraft in near earth orbit between the U. S. Coast Guard Academy (CGA), Naval Research Lab (NRL), the U. S. Naval Academy (USNA), and the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) have initiated scientific and engineering space-based experiments. Sourced opportunities like the VaSpace ThinSat missions have provided a platform for payload, sensor, and experiment development that would have otherwise been resource prohibitive. We have constructed an impedance probe payload for launch in Fall 2020 derived from the existing ‘Space PlasmA Diagnostic suitE’ (SPADE) mission operating from NASA’s International Space Station. Currently both space and laboratory plasmas are …

Development Of Electrodynamic Tethers For Propellantless Propulsion In Low-Earth Orbit, Derek Cheyne, Mitchel Miller, Zoe Nathanson, Maya Pandya, Anish Rajesh, Samriddhi Sharma, Liam Spence, Brian Gilchirst, Alexander Schienke

Small Satellite Conference

The Miniature Tether Electrodynamic Experiment-1 (MiTEE-1) is a University of Michigan faculty research project, backed by student research and leadership, consisting of a 3U CubeSat with a shortrigid boom electrodynamic tether (EDT) connecting a picosatellite providing enhanced current collection. It is the first of two satellite missions working towards a technology demonstration and increased knowledge of CubeSat spacecraft charging dynamics. This will thus allow for increased refinement and full operation of an EDT spacecraft system capable of station keeping activities on MiTEE-2. The mission of the MiTEE organization is to demonstrate and refine the technology needed to successfully use electrodynamic …

Thermal Infrared Imager Development For Cubesat Constellation, Lucas Krempel, Reinhard Kienberger, Sanket B. Shah, Thomas Grübler

Small Satellite Conference

Wildfires are becoming a major challenge to our civilization today. Early warning and detection of wildfires not only helps in managing them but also mitigates the loss of lives and property. To meet this challenge, OroraTech is developing a constellation of CubeSats for wildfire detection to alert about wildfire hazards within minutes instead of hours.

On board these CubeSats, a thermal infrared imager will scan the surface in multiple spectral bands to identify fires. Radiometric simulations with influences of sun glint, daylight and atmospheric absorption were done. A prototype of the imager based on an uncooled micro-bolometer focal plane array …

The First Gynandromorph Of The Neotropical Bee Megalopta Amoena (Spinola, 1853) (Halictidae) With Notes On Its Circadian Rhythm, Erin Krichilsky, Álvaro Vega-Hidalgo, Kate Hunter, Callum Kingwell, Chelsey Ritner, William Wcislo, Adam Smith

All PIRU Publications

Gynandromorphy is an anomaly that results in an organism phenotypically expressing both male and female characteristics. Here we describe the first gynandromorph of the bee species Megalopta amoena (Spinola, 1853) (Halictidae, Augochlorini) and the second record of this anomaly within the genus Megalopta. Additionally, we analyzed the bee’s circadian rhythm, which has never before been quantified for a gynandromorph. The gynandromorph showed a deviant activity pattern; it was intermediate between that of the male and female M. amoena. Our results imply that the brains of bilateral gynandromorphs may have mixed sex-specific signaling. Based on four days of recording, …

Finding Place For Printing, Ian Duncan

Tutor's Column

This column examines the benfits and drawbacks of printed papers and digital essays in tutoring scenarios. It considers their roles in the learning of students, and it suggests a compromise by finding the value of both mediums of writing.

South-South Cooperation Or Core-Periphery Contention? Ghanaian And Zambian Perceptions Of Economic Relations With China, Colin Flint

Political Science Faculty Publications

The geopolitics of development are explored through an examination of development assistance to two African countries as a mechanism of competition between China and the US. The processes of competition include the actions and rhetoric of African leaders. We define a geopolitical context for the agency of political leaders and opinion-makers in Ghana and Zambia. The geopolitical context consists of the structure and dynamics of the world-economy; especially the competition to capture the newest round of innovations and the related need to establish supply chains of raw materials from peripheral countries. By analysing quotes from Ghanaian and Zambian elites we …