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Current Developmental Challenges In Nepal: How Can The Diaspora Help?, Ambika P. Adhikari

Himalayan Research Papers Archive

Nepal now enjoys a unique opportunity to positively transform the country’s economy and society. The economic activities fueled by remittance, supported by foreign aid, and aided by domestic economic activities such as tourism, trade, and services, including start-ups, are helping increase individual incomes. However, the earnings from remittances, which measure to about 25% of Nepal’s GDP, are spent on consumer goods and not on investments that can generate employment and raise the standards of living. The foreign aid is often donor driven and also not always well managed and wisely spent on national priorities. Further, it is frequently marred by …

New Mexicans For Tribal Development, Fred Harris

LaDonna Harris Native American Collection

This file contains the New Mexicans for Tribal Development organization briefly reports on Native American Tribes as separate government units, modern Indian self-government, dual citizenship and dual entitlement, economic self-determination, New Mexicans for tribal development, serving the interests of non-Indians, cooperation, and the so called back-lash fading.

Hard Choices: Development Of Non-Energy Non-Replenishable Resources, Americans For Indian Opportunity (Aio)

LaDonna Harris Native American Collection

This is an AIO report that summarizes the seminar on Development of non-energy non-replenishable resources in Native American territories. The purpose of the seminar was to examine the problems and questions involved in the development of non-fuel minerals via round tables that involved participants from energy tribes and non-fuel tribes to share information, establish policy, and inter-tribal communications through the Council of Energy Resource Tribes.

Summary Report Of Discussions At The Forum “Nepali Diaspora Organizations In North America: Achievements, Opportunities, And Challenges”, Coppell, Texas, Usa July 2022, Ambika P. Adhikari

Himalayan Research Papers Archive

The forum “Nepali Diaspora Organizations in North America: Achievements, Opportunities and Challenges” was held at the annual convention of the Association of Nepalis in the Americas (ANA) in Coppell, TX, USA on July 2, 2022. Nepalese Society of Texas (NST) hosted the convention and forum. As studies related to diaspora have become important topics in the fields of development, community culture, sociology and anthropology, ANA decided to include this topic in the forums organized at the national convention.

The global Nepali diaspora population in 2022 is estimated at 800,000. Although no authoritative statistics is available, the Nepali diaspora in North …

Uranium, Americans For Indian Opportunity (Aio)

LaDonna Harris Native American Collection

This paper is about the world, The U.S. , the American Indian uranium supply, and the demand for this mineral. An analysis of the consequences of development or non-development that tribes must face and some of the decisions tribes must make to avoid exploitation is included.

Diaspora’S Role In Nepal’S Development: Summary Of The Forum Held At The Nepali National Convention. Baltimore, Md, Usa. July 5-7, 2019, Ambika P. Adhikari, Diwakar Dahal, Rajendra Khatiwada

Himalayan Research Papers Archive

Four major Nepalese community organizations, ANA, ANMA, BANA, and INLS jointly hosted the “Nepali National Convention 2019” in Baltimore, Maryland, USA during July 5 to 7, 2019. Eight other community-based organizations including Blood Donors of America, Society of American Nepalese Nurses, Nepalese Association of Florida, Nepal Pasa Pucha Amerikaye, America Nepal Women’s Association of Greater Washington, Nepal Education and Culture Center, America Nepal Society, and Association of Nepali Teraian in America were involved as co-hosts of the convention. Several other local organizations participated in support of the convention.

The Forum “Diaspora’s Role in Nepal’s Development” was held from 1:30-3:00 pm …

Providing Water For A Forgotten People: A Waterline Assessment Of The Former Bennett Freeze Area, Nikki Rae Tulley

Water Resources Professional Project Reports

The Bennett Freeze was established in 1966 and imposed for 40 years on 1.5 million acres of land within the boundaries of the Western Agency of the Navajo Nation. Bennett Freeze came as a result of the Navajo-Hopi Land Dispute. The “freeze” halted all construction, development, and improvements made to enhance the quality of life within the boundaries of the Bennett Freeze area. Public works were included in the restrictions created by the freeze, which effectively denied residents access to basic sanitation facilities. There are approximately 2,685+ homes (~20,000 residents) within the Former Bennett Freeze Area (FBFA) without access to …

Individual And Household-Level Effects Of Energy Poverty On Human Development, Brandon Bridge

Economics ETDs

This study investigates some of the predictors of energy poverty, the interrelationships between different expressions of energy poverty, and the human development impacts of energy poverty on primarily rural individuals and households in an underdeveloped country. It uses data from four rounds of Nicaragua's Living Standards Measurement Survey, and examines the effects of energy poverty on income, education, and health.

Chapter 1 provides background information on energy poverty in general, as well as the specific situation that has developed in Nicaragua. It also provides a modeling framework, both conceptual and mathematical, for the ways in which energy poverty impacts human …

Which Policies Are Rewarded: Explaining The Distribution Of U.S. Foreign Aid After The End Of The Cold War, Yury V. Bosin

Political Science ETDs

The goal of this study is to elucidate what drives the distribution of U.S. foreign assistance. Why do some states receive more than others? Does the U.S. use aid to reward certain good' policies? Can a regime pursue such policies to secure more U.S. funding? I answer these questions by examining patterns of aid distribution of the U.S. Agency for International Development and the Millennium Challenge Corporation. I find that USAID assistance is driven primarily by strategic interests, while the MCC is more oriented towards the recipient needs. To assess the effects of various democratic policies on the distribution of …

Primary Language, Maternal Language Use, And Cognitive Outcomes Among Preschoolers Born Very Low Birth Weight, Natalia Moss

Psychology ETDs

Very low birth weight (VLBW; ≤1500 grams) preschoolers are at risk for cognitive and executive functioning (EF) difficulties. Maternal language quality may impact cognitive development in VLBW children. The aims of this study were to explore differences in maternal language (Spanish, English) and child cognitive abilities, and to explore associations between maternal language use (verbal scaffolding and structuring) and child cognitive abilities in VLBW preschoolers (3.5-4 years). Caregivers reported sociodemographic information. Cognitive abilities were measured using the WPPSI-III (VIQ, PIQ), Bear Dragon, and Gift Delay Peek scores. Results showed English speaking children scored higher on VIQ. For English speaking children, …

Flight Muscle Progenitor Populations In Drosophila Melanogaster, Elizabeth Clarke

Biology ETDs

We use the Drosophila system to define how genes control muscle development and function. Many of the genes in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, are conserved with higher animals, and so our results can be important in understanding mechanisms of vertebrate muscle development and disease. Study of the flight muscle progenitor populations in Drosophila gives clearer understanding of the genetic regulatory networks that lead to the development of flight muscle. The direct flight muscles (DFMs) and indirect flight muscles (IFMs) arise from the myoblast population of the notal region of the Drosophila wing imaginal disc. Within the myoblast population, there …

The Development Of Identity In Preschoolers, Jin Xiaoshen

Psychology ETDs

The primary goal of this study was to investigating the extent to which young preschoolers (e.g., 3-year-olds) understand identity in terms of what an object does rather than in terms of either what the object looks like or what its inside properties are. My primary guiding research questions are on what basis do preschoolers construct identity judgments. Unlike previous research, which has focused primarily on one pair of qualities (insides/outsides), this study includes diverse pairs in order to investigate different levels/qualities of organization that characterize preschoolers judgments of identity constancy. I predicted that a transition may occur between the ages …

Afro-Colombians And The Encroachment Of Paramilitaries On The African Palm Oil Sector, Stacie Hecht

Anthropology ETDs

The African palm oil industry in Colombia has burgeoned in the last decade, with state-sanctioned promotions and new developmental productions for the expansion of these plantations seeking to provide economic stability for the country. In addition, with the passing of the Free Trade Agreement between the United States and Colombia in 2011, as well as deals with several European countries for the exportation of the product, comes an even greater demand than previously known for the industry. However, the continuation of this endeavor will lead to the devastation of the bio-diverse lands being used for economic gains. Furthermore, palm oil …

Unsettling Accounts: Life, Debt, And Development In The Middle Rio Grande, Samuel Karrigan Robison Markwell

American Studies ETDs

This thesis reexamines the history of the formation of the Middle Rio Grande Conservancy District (MRGCD) during the first half of the twentieth century. Previous histories have either uncritically celebrated the MRGCD, or have been critical of its formation because of the way it negatively affected Mexicano/Hispano farming communities. This thesis extends the critical literature by situating the MRGCD as a formation of settler colonialism and attending to the ways it affected Pueblo Indian Nations. I argue that the MRGCD, ostensibly designed to "protect life and property" in the valley, was actually concerned with securing forms of life and property …

Amended And Restated White Mountain Apache Tribe Water Rights Quantification Agreement, Settlement Parties

Native American Water Rights Settlement Project

Settlement Agreement: Amended and Restated White Mountain Apache Tribe Water Rights Quantification Agreement; Parties: WMAT, White Mountain Apache Tribe, AZ, Arizona, USA, United States, Arizona Water Company, Buckeye Water Conservation and Drainage District, Buckeye Irrigation Company, Central Arizona Water Conservation District, City of Avondale, City of Chandler, City of Glendale, City of Mesa, City of Peoria, City of Phoenix, City of Show Low, City of Scottsdale, City of Tempe, Town of Gilbert, Roosevelt Water Conservation District, Salt River Project Agricultural Improvement and Power District, Salt River Valley Water Users' Association. Contents: Agreement 117 pages: 1.0 Recitals p. 2; 2.0 …

Attention To Sport In A Globalizing World: A Cross-National Analysis, Andrew Breidenbach

Sociology ETDs

Throughout the last century, sports have become more important than ever to individuals around the world. This project seeks to explore and help explain variation in attention to sport among 34 countries in 2007 using two theories about world development coupled with modernization- and globalization-related arguments. The aim is to show how the host of concepts contained within these theories can be used cohesively to help understand world regional and national differences in participation and viewing rates, as well as the motives which drive these forms of attention to sport. The project seeks to push predominant development theories to consider …

The Borderpsychosocial Development Project: Is There A Specific Psychosocial Consciousness That Frames Development For Border Women?, Maria Gloria Munguia Wellman

American Studies ETDs

Often placed at the center of psychotherapeutic training rhetoric are the notions of cultural sophistication, competency, and responsiveness; however, these notions are often pushed to the margins of practice. This qualitative and interdisciplinary community project explores an important strand of psychosocial development that has always already existed, but had yet to be named. Psychosocial consciousness develops, through time, as a natural human response to our day-to-day experiences and encounters. These experiences and encounters form, reinforce, and perpetuate systems of understanding of self and others which profoundly impact our experience in the world. The exploration of the psychosocial development of a …

President-Elect Enrique Peña Nieto Tours Six Latin American Countries To Discuss Cooperation, Offers Insights On Domestic Plans In Key Areas, Carlos Navarro

NotiEn: An Analytical Digest About Energy Issues in Latin America

This article discusses the significance of 2012 president-elect Enrique Peña Nieto's tour of Latin American countries in September 2012. In Brazil, Peña Nieto met with President Dilma Rousseff to strengthen cooperative and collaborative relations regarding their oil industries. Petrobras represents a potential model that Mexico's state-owned oil company PEMEX could follow in its efforts to modernize its practices and increase productivity.

Getting Energy Out Of Wind, Alexis Rojas Aguilera

Latin American Energy Dialogue, White Papers and Reports

This article briefly discusses the positive impact of the wind industry on both social and economic development in Cuba.

As Haiti Gears Up To Boost Declining Agricultural Sector, International Cooperation Supports Efforts, George Rodríguez

NotiEn: An Analytical Digest About Energy Issues in Latin America

Agriculture provides a livelihood for more than 1 million of Haiti's 9.7 million people and is the source of some 50% of jobs nationwide, yet its productivity is among the lowest in the Latin American and Caribbean region. The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), along with other international entities, are providing Haiti with funding not only for agricultural projects, but also for projects that involve modernizing the country's educational and health systems, as well as the energy sector and its infrastructure.

Identification Of The Wings Apart Transcriptional Unit In Drosophila Melanogaster, Ginny Morriss

Biology ETDs

Muscle development is an evolutionarily conserved process. Mechanisms that govern the development of specific muscles in invertebrates can inform our understanding of how vertebrate muscles form. Understanding these processes allows us to translate developmental mechanisms to disease pathogenesis, as similar genes and developmental processes are affected by these diseases. In this dissertation, CG14614 is identified as the gene responsible for the wings apart phenotype in Drosophila melanogaster. This mutation leads to a loss of the adult jump muscle (TDT) in most cases and a greater than 60% reduction in muscle fibers in its least severe form. wap mutants fail to …

Law To Promote Renewable Energy In Argentina, Evwind

Latin American Energy Dialogue, White Papers and Reports

This article briefly describes a policy introduced in May 2012 proposing the creation of a national institute focusing on renewable energy development in Argentina.

Wind In Mexico: Wind Sector To Require 20,000 Windmills, Evwind

Latin American Energy Dialogue, White Papers and Reports

This article discusses the potential and needs that Mexico has for continuing to develop a strong wind sector. It is projected that by 2020, Mexico will generate 12,000 MW of power.

Ethanol Exposure Impairs Glutamatergic Synaptic Transmission And Plasticity In The Ca1 Hippocampal Region During The Third Trimester-Equivalent Of Human Pregnancy : Implications For Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, Michael Puglia

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder results from developmental exposure to ethanol. Although many organ systems are targeted by this teratogen, the central nervous system is exquisitely sensitive. Children with this disease often present with behavioral disorders as well as impairments in learning and memory. Ethanol exposure affects developmental processes throughout pregnancy; however, the third trimester-equivalent has demonstrated heightened sensitivity. Although the mechanism of action(s) of ethanol remains unknown, studies suggest that impairments in glutamatergic signaling and synaptic plasticity during the third trimester-equivalent period of development lead to alterations in synaptic formation and refinement. However, little is known about the developmental effects …

The Idb Approves More Loans To Promote Renewable Energy Projects, Energías Renovables

Latin American Energy Dialogue, White Papers and Reports

This article discusses the Inter-American Development Bank approval of US$70 billion of funding to be allocated to renewable energy projects in Latin America. The goal of these projects is to develop more responsible governments, inclusive economies, better cities, and sustainable environments.

Will Colombia And Venezuela Collaborate On Energy Issues?, Inter-American Dialogue's Latin American Energy Advisor

Latin American Energy Dialogue, White Papers and Reports

Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez and his Colombian counterpart, Juan Manuel Santos, met Nov. 28 in Caracas to sign several agreements in areas including energy, trade and agriculture. Among the energy-related accords were agreements to explore the construction of an oil pipeline from Venezuela's Orinoco belt to Colombia's Pacific coastline. Will the pipeline be built? How important is cooperation between the countries on energy related matters? Will economic interests help keep the countries' previously tense relations at bay or will political differences again come to disrupt commercial ties?

What's Holding Back Clean Energy Lending In Central America?, Inter-American Dialogue's Latin American Energy Advisor

Latin American Energy Dialogue, White Papers and Reports

The Washington-based Inter- American Development Bank earlier this year announced the approval of a $30 million medium- term financing facility for a Honduran bank to support loans to environmentally sustainable projects. The bank is developing a portfolio of loans to small- and medium-sized businesses in biofuels and other sustainable sectors. How important is lending to small- and medium-sized energy companies for their success? What challenges do banks face in Central America, in terms of regulatory measures or political uncertainty, as they seek to tap the SME market and emerging-industry businesses like those in the clean energy sector?

Will Petrocaribe Expand Beyond Preferential Oil Purchases?, Inter-American Dialogue's Latin American Energy Advisor

Latin American Energy Dialogue, White Papers and Reports

At a PetroCaribe ministerial meeting in Nicaragua in October, officials from the countries involved in the Venezuela-sponsored initiative concluded agreements on more than $16 billion in new investment, EFE reported. The agenda also sought to expand the scope of PetroCaribe beyond just preferential oil purchases, including possible projects addressing electricity, renewable energy and food security. What is the reasoning behind the expansion into projects beyond the initiative's original scope? How much of a benefit has PetroCaribe been to its signatories? Is PetroCaribe achieving Venezuela's political aims, and will it take on increasing importance over time?

Infectious Disease And The Worldwide Distribution Of Iq, Christopher Eppig

Biology ETDs

We show that infectious disease is a major contributor to the worldwide distribution of human cognitive ability, as measured by psychometric IQ. In areas where infectious disease is high, average human intelligence tends to be lower, and in areas where infectious disease is low, average human intelligence tends to be higher. In separate studies, we tested this across world nations (chapter 2) and across states of the USA (chapter 3). In efforts to disseminate our research to wider audiences, I reviewed the findings contained in chapters 2 and 3 using language that is accessible to non-biologists (chapter 4). Although it …

Lateralization Of The Developing Rat Hippocampal Formation, Amanda Gross

Biology ETDs

Differences between the left and right hemisphere of the brain have been observed in humans and rodents (Broca, 1861; Wernicke, 1881), including the hippocampal formation, a region of the brain that is necessary for some forms of learning and memory (Olton and Samuelson, 1976; deToledo-Morrell et al., 1988; Bernasconi-Guastalla et al., 1994; Tabibnia et al., 1994; Poe et al., 2000; Lister et al., 2006; Hanlon et al., 2005; Sommer et al., 2005; Moskal et al., 2006; Thompson et al., 2008; Klur et al., 2009). Although lateralization of the hippocampal formation has been studied in the adult, few have sought to …