Digital Commons Network^™

Comparison Of The Grazing Habits Of Japanese Black And Holstein Steers On Semi-Natural And Improved Pastures In Japan, Akihisa Yamada, Hiroshi Dohi, Shigeki Entsu

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The grazing habit of 6 Japanese Black and 6 Holstein steers was compared on semi-natural pasture and improved perennial ryegrass­white clover (Lolium perenne-Trifolium repens pasture in Japan. Japanese Black steers spent less time eating than Holstein steers on improved pasture. The ratio of walking while eating to total walking distance was lower for Japanese Blacks than for Holsteins, On the semi-natural pasture, Japanese Blacks .spent more time grazing than Holsteins and Japanese Blacks walked faster than Holsteins. On semi­natural pasture, Japanese Blacks picked upper leaves always walking forward.

Improvement Of Grass-Dominated Swards By Sod-Seeding In Eastern Hokkaido, Japan, Yoshihiko Takeda

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Introduction of forage legumes into grass-dominant swards by sod­seeding may greatly improve vegetation and herbage production. Two field experiments were carried out to introduce red clover (Trifolimn pratense L.) into timothy (Phleum pratense L.)-dominant swards by the cultivation of sward surface without chemical suppression of existing timothy: I) Cultivation of the whole grassland (A) with rotary-harrow or disc-harrow or the partial cultivation (B) with slot-seeder, using John Deere PowrTillseeder or Hunter Rotary strip seeder, provided satisfactory seed-bed forsod-seeded clover, 2) Suppression effects on existing timothy by cultivation treatments influenced the establishment of sod-seeded clover, and effects varied …

Improvement Of Red Clover Persistence In Japan, Hidekazu Yamaguchi, Akira Sawai, Kazuhiro Uchiyama

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Two new cultivars Hokuseki and Taisetsu of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) were selected for disease tolerance and high vigour in the third year of growth to improve persistence. This· paper compares persistence of the cultivars with that of·Sapporo, a check cultivar, and elucidates what determines the persistence of the cultivars. Five-year tests showed that Hokuseki and Taisetsu yielded higher than Sapporo in later years. The cultivars were more tolerant than Sapporo, to Sclerotinia trifoliorum and some other diseases. These results suggest that selection for high vigour in the third year under snowy conditions was effective. in selecting for persistence …

Breeding Italian Ryegrass For A Heavy Snowfall Area In Japan, Improving The Two Aspects Of Snow Endurance, Makoto Kobayashi, Kazuhiro Tase, Tomoyuki Yukawa, Katsuo Egara

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

in parts of Japan, snow endurance is the most critical factor for winter crop production. To overcome the problem, a breeding , programme of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) was started In 1962 and led to the release of the tetraploid variety Miyukiaoba, which has an extremely high level of snow endurance. It is shown· that snow, endurance has resulted from the resistance to snow mold; disease, especially Pythium paddicum and Typhula incarnata. Accumulation of fructan (fructose polymer) also plays an important role in survival under snow. This study demonstrates the relationship of the 2 aspects to snow …

Application Of Neural Networks To The Extraction Of Various Types Of Grasslands In Japan Using Landsat Thematic Mapper Data, Mikinori Tsuiki, Shigeo Takahashi, Toshiki Oku

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

A neural network was applied to the extraction of various types of grasslands using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data. Training fields contained 12 classes (water, paddy field, farmland, sands and rocks, urban area, coniferous forest, deciduous forest, golf course, Sasa­type grassland, Miscanthus type grassland, meadow before culling and meadow after cutting). Classification performance using the neural network was 99.4%, which was 2.4% higher than that obtained using the maximum likelihood method. For all types of grasslands, classification performance was 99.8%. The results of the classification area obtained using the neural network and the maximum likelihood method resembled each other. …

The Question Of Opium: Money, Morality And Japan’S Transimperial Participation In Opium Regulation, 1868 – 1925, Brian F. Gibb

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

‘The Opium Question’ was not a question, but rather it framed the issue of the under-regulated production, trade and consumption of opium in Asia throughout the nineteenth century. How did opium contribute to Japan’s imperial expansion? Furthermore, how did Japan learn from other imperial powers and use non-state epistemic knowledge to learn to expand its empire? Historians of drugs often use the term prohibition in relation to illicit drugs, when I argue that we should be discussing their regulation. Meiji Japan was faced with the issue of Chinese imperial subjects who were also dependent on opium. As part of the …

Japan’S “Big Lie": The Negation Of Oral Testimony Of Sexual Violence, Robert O'Mochain, Yuki Ueno

Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence

In recent years, powerful actors in Japan’s political elite have consistently denied the oral testimony of so-called “comfort women.” The denial of this and related historical crimes is made in the service of a claim we denote here as the “big lie.” This is the erroneous assertion that the Asia-Pacific War was a straightforward war of liberation by the Japanese Imperial Army, inspired by a blameless Emperor and carried out by morally exemplary military forces. This denial of historical realities, especially those related to “comfort women,” has constituted a contributory factor for a pattern of denial regarding all historical crimes. …

Characteristics Of Grass Species In Pasture For High Producing Cows In Northern Japan, K Sudo, K Ochiai, T Ikeda

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The prupose of this research was to investigate characteristics of grass species under different conditions appropriate to the intensive grazing system for high producing cows (8000 kg for a 305-day lactation) in northern Japan. Meadow fescue (Festuca elatior L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perene L.) white clover (Trifolium repens L.) pastures were established and divided into two plots by difference of regulated plant height (meadow fescue and timothy) or of stocking intensity (perennial ryegrass). Each plot was 60m2 and was grazed when plant height reached 20cm or 30cm. Meadow fescue and perennial …

Milk Production And Feed Intake At Different Stocking Rates In An Intensive Grazing System, Y Togamura, K Ochiai, S Shioya, K Otsuki

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The purpose of this research was to determine milk productivity from pasture, using dairy cows of higher performance (>7500 kg for a 305-day lactation) in an intensive grazing system. In both 1993 and 1994 two groups of 3 cows each were grazed from spring to autumn: one group in 1.1 ha (LS) and the other group in 0.65 ha (HS) pasture. A different part of each pasture was cut for hay or silage twice a year. Concentrate and roughage were supplied according to the nutrient requirement of the cows. Milk production from grazed and harvested herbage of the LS …

From “Defilement” To “Modernity”: How Japan's Encounter With The West Brought Beef To The Table, Ying Yi Tan

Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal

The long Tokugawa – Meiji transition (1850s – 1880s) is arguably one of the most profound socio-economic transitions that Japan underwent in its history. This paper uses beef consumption in Japan as a lens to further investigate the players involved in this transition. Historically more eschewed than other types of meat and tightly associated with the notion of the “other,” beef became an embodiment of progress and modernity during the Meiji Period. Through tracing the historical shift in the Japanese perception of beef, this paper argues that the evolution of beef consumption corresponds to the radically shifting attitudes of the …

Frontline Nursing Staff’S Perceptions Of Intravenous Medication Administration: The First Step Toward Safer Infusion Processes-A Qualitative Study, Masashi Uramatsu, Naoko Kimura, Takako Kojima, Yoshikazu Fujisawa, Tomoko Oto, Paul Barach

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVES: Intravenous medication errors continue to significantly impact patient safety and outcomes. This study sought to clarify the complexity and risks of the intravenous administration process.

DESIGN: A qualitative focus group interview study.

SETTING: Focused interviews were conducted using process mapping with frontline nurses responsible for medication administration in September 2020.

PARTICIPANTS: Front line experiened nurses from a Japanese tertiary teaching hospital.

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was to identify the mental models frontline nurses used during intravenous medication administration, which influence their interactions with patients, and secondarily, to examine the medication process gaps between the …

When The Shooting Stopped: August 1945, Timothy J. Demy, Barrett Tillman

Naval War College Review

No abstract provided.

Ideology And Economic Change, Jared Rubin, Debin Ma

ESI Working Papers

This paper revisits the old theses of the contrasting paths to modernization between Japan and China. It develops a new analytical framework regarding the role of ideology and ideological change—Meiji Japan’s decisive turn towards the West pitted against Qing China’s lethargic response to Western imperialism—as the key driver behind these contrasting paths. Our framework and historical narrative highlight the contrast between Tokugawa Japan’s feudal, decentralized political regime and Qing China’s centralized bureaucratic system as a key determinant driving the differential patterns of ideological realignment. We argue that the 1894-95 Japanese naval victory over China could not be justified under the …

Mazed: Inconsistency In International Web Design And How To Navigate It, Claudia A. George

Masters Theses

Over the past few years, web design has undergone significant advancements, resulting in user-friendly and visually appealing websites. However, this rapid growth has forced companies and countries to adapt quickly, leading to diverse design elements that may cause inconsistency and confusion. In particular, Foreign web users struggle to navigate Japanese websites due to dated web design and lack of coherency, leading to a loss of tourism, business, and expatriation. I experienced this firsthand when living abroad in Japan for two years. Many websites were difficult to navigate because of the differences in design and navigation, often leading me to give …

Comparative Analysis Of Sexual Harassment Policy And Implementation, Melanie Sayuri Dominguez

Political Science ETDs

Over the past three decades, as an increasing number of states have adopted sexual harassment legislation, many studies have examined the choices countries make to address and combat this issue. However, questions remain about what causes states to act while others resist change, why some countries choose to only introduce weak legislation rather than aggressively tackling the issue, and how people on the ground receive these policies. This dissertation uses a macro, meso, and micro approach to answer these questions on sexual harassment policy and implementation. First, using large-n data, I find that strong, feminist movements are correlated with the …

Help The People Help The Governments Help The Planet: Using Markets To Meet The Goals Of The Paris Agreement, Rachel Braby

San Diego International Law Journal

The urgency of the climate challenge requires that we address it in every way we can. Yet, current domestic regulations are insufficient to rise to the occasion, and there appears to be no plan geared toward harnessing the power of collective consumer action to supplement government efforts and push industries in the private sector to engage in greener practices. A majority of developed nations have mixed market-driven economies, and in such economies, consumers have immense power to drive change. Paris Agreement nations with mixed market-driven economies should incorporate a strategic plan in their next NDCs that “represent[s] a progression” beyond …

Saving Genus Claims For Antibody Patents: What We Can Learn From The Foreign Jurisdictions, Ningxi Sun

San Diego International Law Journal

In the United States, therapeutic antibodies play a key role in the innovations for life-saving therapies. Genus claims—broad claims that cover a group of related species – are widely used in antibody patents, allowing the patentee to obtain broad protection of their inventions. However, a recent line of Federal Circuit decisions has created a higher bar to obtaining patent protection for antibodies. Specifically, it is now nearly impossible to maintain an antibody genus claim. Noteworthy, the United States’ treatment for antibody claims is diverging from other major jurisdictions in the world.

This Article argues the Supreme Court and Congress should …

The Unspoken Words Of Fashion: Movements Behind Harajuku’S Avant-Garde Fashion Trends, Alastair Leon

Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects

Over the past 50 years, the Harajuku neighborhood in Tokyo, Japan, has become an epicenter for innovative fashion trends that have reached global audiences. Fashion, as a medium, is an art form that can be as powerful as traditional work. It can convey a multitude of messages, and most notably, it can be a wordless statement against dominant culture and societal norms. Social groups have used fashion as an identifier, and they are commonly linked with a subcultural identity. Self-expression is a powerful tool to fight against the status quo, and fashion enthusiasts in Japan have advocated for a rebellion …

Aspects Of Style In Selected Works By Takashi Yoshimatsu., K. Alex Hatton

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The music of Takashi Yoshimatsu is united by a strong continuity of style that acts as a kind of musical signature. This thesis offers an introduction to understanding this musical style by exploring the relationship between Japan and Western classical music, presenting analyses of four contrasting compositions, and offering potential areas for further research. Some of the recurring characteristics of Yoshimatsu’s style include the use of extended harmony, modes, large melodic intervals, and the reuse of musical material. These characteristics are explored at length in the analyses of Pleiades Dances IX, And Birds are Still…, Memo Flora, …

Japanese Foreign Security: Why Japan Increased Its Defense Budget And Why It Matters, Mary K. Roark

Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects

No abstract provided.

A Comparative Analysis Of Japan And United States School Lunch Programs, Julie Phillips

Honors Theses

Question: Are school lunch policies and programs in Japan beneficial and applicable to the United States?

Main points: Japan has a certification program that allows dietitians to teach nutrition. Japan also includes agricultural experiences as part of its academic curriculum to promote holistic development in students.

Conclusion: The School Lunch program in the United States would benefit from providing an avenue through which dietitians are able to teach students nutrition and from increasing the number of schools involved in Farm to School so that more students have experiences with nature.

Gaijin Shogun: The Effectiveness Of Macarthur In The Early Stages Of The Military Occupation Of Japan, Jack Cashion

Senior Honors Theses

In the aftermath of World War II, the Allied powers occupied Germany and Japan to ensure a peaceful transition at the end of the war. While the Allies had conquered Germany in its entirety, Japan’s surrender in the wake of the atomic bombs forestalled a costly invasion of the Japanese mainland. President Harry Truman granted General Douglas MacArthur the title of Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP) when he appointed the general as the leader of America’s occupation force in Japan. As SCAP, MacArthur oversaw the initial years of the reconstruction of Japan and its transition from a war-torn …

The Effect Of Covid-19 Pandemic On U.S. Beef Exports To Its Major Trading Partners, Richard Bien

Research Papers

This study analyzed the effect of COVID-19 on U.S. beef exports to South Korea, Japan, China, Mexico, and Canada between June 2017 and July 2023. After accounting for potential factors influencing exports, the study finds that the pandemic’s impact was different in both magnitude and persistence among major trading partners. The drop in exports to Japan and Mexico were notable during the pandemic. The decline in exports began early in the year for Mexico and in March for South Korea. Exports to Canada on the other hand both increased and decreased during this period. Exports to China followed a different …

The Core Collapse Of The Rising Sun, Elisabeth J. Craft

Honors Theses

There are many different types of literature in the world so it is no surprise that some gets overlooked in the sheer volume. This is more so seen in Western literature overpowering Eastern literature’s importance. One such place overlooked is Japan. There is plenty to unpack in Japanese literature, but one such area is the changes it has due to cultural events. Using well known events can make Japanese literature more accessible for other audiences. One of these events is WWII because of Japan’s incredibly active role in it. WWII changed Japanese literature from Romanticism and Naturalism to a more …

From Vision To Legacy: Walter Gellhorn And The Establishment Of The Toshiba Library For Japanese Legal Research, Yukino Nakashima

Journal of East Asian Libraries

This paper chronicles events surrounding the creation of the largest academic Japanese law library in the United States, while focusing on two extraordinary law faculty members at Columbia Law School and their successful fundraising efforts from the initial concept of building a Japanese law library through the establishment of permanent funding. It recounts others who tirelessly supported carrying through this arduous plan. It is about insightful visions, perseverance, and lasting personal relationships, as well as building a foreign law collection in the United States. It examines lessons to be learned.

Cognitive And Behavioral Variations Within The Collectivistic Cultural Sphere: Comparing Japanese And Koreans’ Self/Other Views And The Influence On Emotion Processing, Mariko Kikutani, Machiko Ikemoto, Eun-Joo Park, Keith Rogers

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

Cross-cultural psychology research often incorporates a division of East and West, contrasting people in East-Asian collectivistic and Western individualistic cultures. However, the extent of such trait should differ within the individualistic or collectivistic group, and looking into behavioral variations occurring within the individual or collectivistic cultural sphere is also very important for the cross-cultural research. To contribute to this purpose, this article compares people from Japan and South Korea based on literature review to reveal how culture influence people’s views on themselves and others, as well as communication styles. Further, the article discusses how those views and communication styles form …

The Coevolution Of The Six Ancient Kilns And Japanese Postwar Local Identity, Benjamin Lewis Rothstein

CISLA Senior Integrative Projects

The arts have long been tools used to prop up political visions, and Japan’s traditional crafts are no exception to this trend. Japanese ceramics in particular have enjoyed, or perhaps endured, era after era of patronage by successive governments and movements over their more than a millennium of history. Appropriated by a wave of nationalism in the Meiji period, the rokkoyō (six ancient kilns), long famous for their rustic style and acclaimed tea wares, were converted along with many other traditional crafts into symbols of the Japanese national spirit. In the postwar period, however, without necessarily losing their national importance, …

Baseball: A Vehicle For Exchange Between Two Complicated Global Powers, Cole W. Tully

Honors Theses

Baseball, America’s “national pastime,” has a similarly prominent role in Japanese culture and the nation’s history. Since the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, baseball at professional, collegiate, high school, and youth levels has become increasingly prominent within each nation. As baseball became increasingly central to each nation's social and cultural identities, it also began to play a critical role in furthering the nations’ bilateral relationship.

The paper explores various periods where baseball has influenced diplomatic relations, especially “soft diplomacy” and cultural exchange between each nation’s citizens. This includes baseball’s institutionalization into Japan’s education systems during the Meiji Restoration, as …

Japan's Sacrificial Daughter: Sexual Exploitation In Post-War Okinawa, Kathryn A. Blau

BYU Asian Studies Journal

This essay investigates the prolonged US occupation of Okinawa post-1952, uncovering hidden forms of violence, particularly sexual exploitation against women. Despite portraying Okinawa as a sacrificial entity for the greater good, the paper reveals historical patterns of abuse dating back to Japanese military brothels during World War II. Post-occupation, over 200 cases of rape and assault against Okinawan women were documented, with minimal legal support. The narrative juxtaposes revered wartime nurses with stigmatized sex workers, highlighting the persistent inequality, even after Okinawa's 1972 return to Japan.

The essay explores how international dialogue sidelines women's voices, shifting the focus from victims …

Americans In Japan: A Look At Race, Land, And The Colonization Of Hokkaidō In The Meiji Era, Jack Bamford

Senior Projects Spring 2024

The signing of the Treaty of Amity and Commerce between Japan and the United States on July 29, 1858 saw the opening of Japan to international relations on a much larger scale than previously experienced, allowing for not just the creation of connections with the Western world, but the transmitting of Western ideas of power and control--namely, the structures of imperialism and colonialism. The research that follows aims to grapple with just how much influence the United States had in the development of Japanese colonialism by looking at the development of Japan’s northern island of Hokkaidō in the Meiji period. …