Digital Commons Network^™

2014 - Quarternary Geologic Map Of North-Central Salinas River Valley And Arroyo Seco

Miscellaneous Monterey and San Luis Obispo County Documents and Reports

The new mapping provides a detailed stratigraphic history of incision and deposition from the early Pleistocene to the present. Infiltration from the Salinas River and its tributaries is the source of irrigation water in this agricultural region. Irrigation water is pumped from the aquifers at depths of about 55 and 120 m. Area has become intruded by seawater, especially between cities of Castroville and Salinas.

Water Conservation Practices For Irrigation Of Turfgrass Lawns, Daniel Sandor

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Turfgrass lawns are widely used in residential and commercial landscapes, providing many environmental, aesthetic, and recreational benefits. However, concerns and scrutiny arise with perceived maintenance requirements, particularly with regards to irrigation. It is important to manage irrigation in order to maximize water conservation without significantly reducing lawn quality. A series of field and greenhouse studies were conducted to investigate how water usage might be reduced in irrigation practices with the following proposed objectives: 1) evaluate the use of rain and soil moisture sensors in a humid transition zone environment; 2) evaluate the effects of chronic drought stress between drought-resistant and …

Effects Of Irrigation On Forage Growth Rates On Rotational Grazing Dairies, Zachary Davis

MSU Graduate Theses

The amount and timing of rainfall in Missouri can be very irregular. This causes issues for producers of agronomic products in the state who rely on forages for income. The most sensible approach to the problem is the use of irrigation. But there is little useful information to reference when implementing this management decision. By studying three different styles of irrigation (center pivot, spider, and k-line) on 4 species of forages native to Missouri (alfalfa, crabgrass, perennial ryegrass, and tall fescue/clover), this study provides valuable insight as to the cost and benefit of irrigation. The main goal is to produce …

An Overview Of Smartwater Management System: Strategic Potential In Bangladesh, Muhammad Qumrul Hassan, Mir F. Karim, Nazrul I. Khandaker, Jowaher Raza

Publications and Research

Water loss management is becoming an increasingly important as supplies are stressed by population growth or water scarcity. A SmartWater system ensures optimum consumption and prediction of future water use. Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable countries due to global climate change considering its rapid urbanization, inequitable land use, low income and greater reliance on climate sensitive sectors, particularly agriculture. Agricultural lands used for cropping and livestock rearing are more susceptible to degradation than non-agricultural lands. Most farmers irrigate through flooding, losing up to 75% of water to evaporation and creating a substantial drawdown of much needed water for …

Groundwater Recharge Response To Reduced Irrigation Pumping In Western Nebraska, Justin Philip Gibson

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Given current and continued investment in irrigation scheduling technologies, a need exists to better estimate the longevity and magnitude of water savings at watershed level to avoid the paradox of irrigation efficiency. This paradox occurs within a watershed as not all irrigation inefficiencies lead to the system losing water. For example, irrigation pumping rates in excess of crop water demand may lead to enhanced groundwater recharge or surface runoff that migrates to a stream. Thus, increases in efficiency may not lead to similar magnitudes of water savings. I hypothesize that water savings longevities are short given previous work demonstrating rapid …

Economic Impacts Of Groundwater Salinity In Louisiana, Rajan Dhakal

LSU Master's Theses

In the United States, nearly 60 million acres of land is affected by water and soil salinity problems that pose a serious threat to the long-term economic and environmental viability of the agricultural sector. Understanding the economic impacts of soil salinity in agricultural lands is essential for planning farming practices in several salinity affected regions. This study presents a two-stage approach to assess the damage from salinity in two major aquifers in Louisiana. In the first stage, looking at the trend of rise in salt content within these aquifers, I predict the future level of salinity by assuming three different …

Crop Water Stress Index Of An Irrigated Vineyard In The Central Valley Of California, John H. Prueger, Christopher K. Parry, William P. Kustas, Joseph G. Alfieri, Maria M. Alsina, Héctor Nieto, Tiffany G. Wilson, Lawrence E. Hipps, Martha C. Anderson, Jerry L. Hatfield, Fen Gao, Lynn G. Mckee, Andrew Mcelrone, Nurit Agam, Sebastian A. Los

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

Water-limiting conditions in many California vineyards necessitate assessment of vine water stress to aid irrigation management strategies and decisions. This study was designed to evaluate the utility of a Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) using multiple canopy temperature sensors and to study the diurnal signature in the stress index of an irrigated vineyard. A detailed instrumentation package comprised of eddy covariance instrumentation, ancillary surface energy balance components, soil water content sensors and a unique multi-canopy temperature sensor array were deployed in a production vineyard near Lodi, CA. The instrument package was designed to measure and monitor hourly growing season turbulent …

Using Net Groundwater Extractions For Farm Level Groundwater Sustainability Monitoring, Daniel J. Howes, Morgan Whinery, Eric Limas, Dan Vink

BioResource and Agricultural Engineering

The Cal Poly Irrigation Training and Research Center (ITRC) has developed a method for computing net groundwater extraction and recharge at the farm level for district management and regulation of sustainable/safe yields. This method is called Net To/From Groundwater (NTFGW). Net groundwater extraction is preferred for assessing sustainable yield in unconfined aquifer systems over direct metering of gross groundwater pumping. A recent pilot project with the Lower Tule River and Pixley Irrigation Districts’ Groundwater Sustainability Agencies (GSAs) compared actual metered groundwater pumping, surface deliveries, and evapotranspiration to the NTFGW outputs on 19 farms within the GSAs over a 3-year period …

An Assessment Of The Greatest Impacts On Distribution Uniformity For Drip And Micro Irrigation, Brooke Ashley Worden

Master's Theses

Using the Cal Poly Irrigation Training and Research Centers (ITRC) drip/micro evaluation program, global, or system, DU_lq is computed by combining the component DU_lq values of: pressure variation, uneven spacing between emitters, unequal drainage and “other” causes. “Other” causes include plugging, wear and manufacturing coefficient. The program also computes what percentage of the non-uniformity is due to each component. Burt (2004) showed that over 95% of the non-uniformity is due to “Other” causes and pressure differences. This thesis looks at what specifically in those components is driving the non-uniformity by analyzing various equipment and field practices and their …

Automated Irrigation System, Garo A. Pilawjian, Patrick T. Balech

Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences

In this paper we aim to improve the use of water in the irrigation process. That is by continuously monitoring the soil moisture level to decide whether irrigation is needed or not. We focus on giving people - who are not familiar with agriculture as well as the farmers - the ability to design an automated irrigation system with all its details. In addition, it determines the required list of components with the total cost based on the market price.

Development Of A Sensor-Based, Variable-Rate Fertigation Technique For Overhead Irrigation Systems, Phililp Williams

All Dissertations

Irrigated land in South Carolina has increased at a rate of about 4,047 hectares per year over the past two decades. With this increase in irrigated land comes the ability to gain higher yields by applying nutrients through irrigation water. Therefore, many growers apply nutrients through irrigation systems, known as fertigation.

On average, South Carolina growers apply approximately 100 kg/ha nitrogen (N) on cotton for a total of 32 million kg annually which totals $4.4 million annually. To stay competitive in the global market, it is increasingly important for growers to reduce crop input costs while maximizing yields. For example, …

Estimating Adaptation To Climate Change In Groundwater Irrigation, James Keeler

Department of Agricultural Economics: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Understanding the adaptive capacity of irrigated agriculture, including to what extent producers adjust irrigation choices along the intensive and extensive margins, is vital to the development of accurate and holistic estimates of the impacts of climate change on agricultural production and the sustainability of water-related ecosystem services. This thesis proposes and implements a natural experiment using statistical matching methods to estimate how producers adjust groundwater extraction, irrigated crop acreage, and irrigation technology in response to long-term changes in precipitation and evapotranspiration. Results from groundwater irrigated fields in Kansas suggest that intensive and extensive margin water use adaptations are generally limited …

Numerical Modeling Of The Effects Of Land Use Change And Irrigation On Streamflow Depletion Of Frenchman Creek, Nebraska, Moussa Guira

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

A three-dimensional Control Volume Finite Difference-based numerical groundwater flow model was constructed to assess the effects of agricultural irrigation and land use change on streamflow depletion. The study area is Frenchman Creek basin located in southwestern corner of the State of Nebraska, USA. This area was subject to an increased proliferation of groundwater abstraction for agricultural purposes since industrial revolution. It has also been subject to land use change from native rangeland to dry and irrigated cropland. The groundwater flow model was spatially discretized using Voronoi cells in unstructured grid built with the USGS MODFLOW-6. Temporal discretization defined 151 time …

Water Hammer Protection For Pumped Turnouts On Aging Pipelines, Charles M. Burt, Zachary C. Markow

BioResource and Agricultural Engineering

Water hammer in an irrigation district pipeline is typically caused by sudden changes in turnout flow rates. A sudden shutoff of a booster pump, or a rapid closure of a turnout valve, can potentially cause surge damage. The problem occurs if the pressure exceeds the pressure rating of the pipeline. As pipes age, their pressure rating typically declines. This report describes three different solutions that utilize a combination of these techniques/devices to provide district pipeline protection from water hammer.

An Evaluation Of Unmanned Aerial System Multispectral And Thermal Infrared Data As Information For Agricultural Crop And Irrigation Management, Mitch Maguire

Department of Biological Systems Engineering: Dissertations and Theses

Spatial irrigation management has been steadily advancing over the last several years. A current issue with managing irrigation spatially on sub-field scale is the inability to readily collect the spatial field data necessary to properly manage irrigation. Multispectral and thermal infrared imagery used in informing irrigation management decisions was previously collected by satellite and manned aircraft remote sensing platforms. These remote sensing platforms pose issues concerning economic feasibility, revisit intervals, and weather factors that inhibit the collection of data. Recent developments in unmanned aerial systems, which provide an additional means of collecting multispectral and thermal infrared data, have the potential …

A Modeling Approach For Making Conjunctive Water Management Decisions In The Lower Republican River Basin, Usa., Andrea E. Brookfield, Blake B. Wilson

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Effective water management requires knowledge of both natural and engineered hydrologic systems. With a changing climate and strained water resources, it is increasingly important to assess and adapt current water management strategies to more efficiently use the available water supplies to meet demands. Traditional approaches to water management have treated natural and engineered hydrologic systems as separate entities, making simplistic assumptions about each component. To properly assess water management strategies, these approaches should be integrated to account for the interactions between the two systems. In addition, the uncertainties associated with each modeling approach and the parameterization of the models need …

Simulating Hydroeconomic Impacts Of Potential Water Rights Trade In The Lake Naivasha Basin Using A Mopec Modeling Framework, Tesfaye Woldeyohanes, Arnim Kuhn Dr.

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

We use an integrated hydroeconomic model for Lake Naivasha Basin, Kenya (LANA-HEBAMO) to analyze the impact of institutional and biophysical changes on resource allocation and water system performance. An extended mathematical programming approach called MOPEC (multiple optimization problems with equilibrium constraint) is used. This approach allows each economically independent water user to maximize its own objective function subject to another agent’s water use decisions as well as other biophysical and institutional constraints. MOPEC is an individual optimization approach and avoids unrealistic assumptions in aggregate optimization that assume omniscient decision maker with perfect foresight to reallocate water such that the water …

Fate And Transport Of Cyanotoxins In Agricultural Environments, Caryn Janel Nezat

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Global presence of cyanotoxins has brought attention to risks associated with toxin contaminated water used for irrigation and the potential to introduce new exposure pathways. Studies into accumulation and morphological effects of cyanotoxin exposure on agricultural crops have indicated a potential exposure pathway that needs to be considered. Identification of degradation pathways within the soil matrix allows the availability and transport of toxins through the agricultural environment to be identified. Determination of toxin fate in the soil will elucidate the risk to groundwater and agricultural crops. Initially, alfalfa and spinach plants were exposed to cylindrospermopsin and microcystin-LR in a greenhouse …

Developing A Coupled Swat-Modflow Model Assessing Groundwater Depletion In The Republican River Basin, Soheil Nozari, Ryan Bailey

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

The Republican River Basin encompasses approximately 50,000 square miles in eastern Colorado, northwestern Kansas, and southwestern Nebraska, with thousands of farms irrigated by groundwater from the underlying Ogallala Aquifer. This overexploitation of groundwater resources has led to significant decline in aquifer saturated thickness in various parts of the river basin in recent decades. In addition, the duration and intensity of drought periods are expected to increase in the majority of the river basin during the next 50 years. Management strategies are sought that maintain economic prosperity and crop yield in the region while also sustaining groundwater resources, i.e. preventing significant …

Characteristics Of Growth And Development Of Winter Wheat Cultivar Kuma, L. A. Gandjaeva

Central Asian Problems of Modern Science and Education

To evaluate the growth and development of winter wheat under 3 factors (sowing dates, irrigation regimes and rate of fertilization) in Khorezm region, there was done an experiment using a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Kuma. For the experiment we used three sowing dates: D1=1st of October, D2=10th of October, D3= 20th of October, 2 irrigation treatments, including 60-65-60, 65-70-60 and 2 fertilizaton treatments: the following doses of N150P100K75 kg ha-1 and N200P140K100 kg ha-1 , was conducted in the field №119 of the Dildora-Bojimon farm of Yangibazar district of the Khorezm region during the 2014–2016 growing seasons.

Effect Of Sowing Dates, Irrigation Regimes And Fertilization On The Growth And Development Of Asr Cultivar Of Winter Wheat., G. M. Sotipov, L. A. Gandjaeva

Central Asian Problems of Modern Science and Education

Winter Wheat is an important cereal crop for the population of Uzbekistan. The objective was to study the effect of different sowing dates, irrigation regime and various levels of fertilization on the growth and development of Asr cultivar of winter wheat. The experiment was conducted on the field №119 of the Dildora-Bojimon farm of Yangibazar district of the Khorezm region during 2014-2016. Statistical analysis of the data showed that different sowing dates, irrigation regime and fertilization levels had a significantly affected on plant height (cm), number of total tillers and number of productive tillers m-2 of winter wheat.

Climate Change Impact On Agriculture In Central Asia, S Musayev, I Musaev, G Musaeva, K Xakimova

Scientific-technical journal

Future climate will probably have an impact crop production and food security in developing countries. Though irrigation infrastructure is improved, the weather still plays and important role in agricultural productivity. Global Climate Models envision increase in temperature and precipitation in the coming century. This paper studies whether precipitation contribute to irrigation of cotton and winter wheat crops in the future climate scenarios. Paper focuses Fergana Valley of Uzbekistan as case study.

Improvement In Patient Safety Through “Irrigation Time-Outs” During Turp Procedures, B. L. Deiling, Do, E. Kilmartin, Md, T. L. Kennedy, Md

House Staff Quality Improvement and Patient Safety Conference (2016-2019)

Objective

During any surgical procedure, clear and standardized communication among surgeons, anesthesiologists and operating room nursing staff is a necessity for all aspects of patient safety. During TURP procedures, the perioperative staff must alert team members of the signs and predictors for the potential of TURP syndrome or NSS overload. The goal of our quality improvement project is to increase communication and diagnostic actions based on irrigation fluid amounts among surgeons, anesthesiologists, and the operating room nurses in order to decrease complications in TURP patients at Jefferson over the next six months.

Evaluating The Practices Of A Small Business: A Case Study, Madeleine Anne Bernadicou

Construction Management

Companies are in constant search to increase profits. The company success is dependent on its standard operational procedures, otherwise known as SOP. Golden State Irrigation and Noack Pump is a non-union merit shop contractor that performs irrigation work in the California’s central valley. This paper researches the utilized methods of the company to see if it is operating at an optimal level. The methodology used in this project is a case study, where multiple jobs, income statements, and cash flows were analyzed, along with conducted interviews. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected in the investigation of this case study. …

Future Of Improvement Of Water Giving And Lifting Constructions In Irrigation Agriculture, Q. Mirzajonov, D. Abduraimova

Irrigation and Melioration

In thisarticle presented the researches about using of resource-saving technologies in irrigated agriculture and given calculation methods, described classification and characteristics of the low-pressure water-lifters. Analyzed construction parameters of jet water lifters, provided results of the laboratory analysis about evaluation of water lifters which gives water and creates pressure of water. Based on the results of laboratory and theoretical researches, calculated destination of flying of jet, inside of the water lifter and modernized construction of jet water-lifter. On the improvement of the construction of a jet water-lift based of simulation laws. Proposed a new design of a resource-saving water-lifting device. …

Future Of Improvement Of Water Giving And Lifting Constructions In Irrigation Agriculture, Q. Mirzajonov, D. Abduraimova

Irrigation and Melioration

In thisarticle presented the researches about using of resource-saving technologies in irrigated agriculture and given calculation methods, described classification and characteristics of the low-pressure water-lifters. Analyzed construction parameters of jet water lifters, provided results of the laboratory analysis about evaluation of water lifters which gives water and creates pressure of water. Based on the results of laboratory and theoretical researches, calculated destination of flying of jet, inside of the water lifter and modernized construction of jet water-lifter. On the improvement of the construction of a jet water-lift based of simulation laws. Proposed a new design of a resource-saving water-lifting device. …

Drought-Tolerant And Short-Season Corn Hybrids To Mitigate Risk, Optimize Yield And Profit, While Increasing Water Use Efficiency, John Joseph Williams

Theses and Dissertations

The Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer (MRVAA) aquifer is the principal water source for Mid-South irrigators, but the current rate of withdrawal from the aquifer is not sustainable. Means to increase the sustainability of the MRVAA is to improve corn’s water use efficiency (WUE) while, concurrently, maintaining or improving profitability. The objectives of this experiment were to determine the effects of sensor-based irrigation threshold, planting date, and hybrid on corn grain yield, WUE, and net returns above seed and irrigation cost. Season long irrigation thresholds of -50 kPa full irrigation (FI) and -125 kPa limited irrigation (LI) were used, utilizing …

Irrigation Practice Adoption: Causes And Consequences In The Arkansas Delta, Kerr James Adams

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Concerns about groundwater depletion from conventional irrigation agriculture in the Arkansas Delta region have led to the promotion of more efficient irrigation practices. With Arkansas being the largest producer of rice, the 10th largest producer of soybeans and the 16th largest producer of corn in the United States, the irrigation demand of these crops has put pressure on producers to find ways to irrigate more efficiently. Not only are the alternative technologies supposed to reduce water use, it is also believed that their adoption can also yield economic benefits for the producer. Despite these assumed benefits, adoption of alternative technologies …

Case Study: Flow Measurement And Control In Walker River Irrigation District, Stuart Styles, Sierra Layous, Robert Bryan

BioResource and Agricultural Engineering

Walker River Irrigation District (WRID) is located in Nevada around the community of Yerington and contains approximately 95,000 hectares (235,000 acres), 32,000 hectares (80,000 acres) of which are irrigated. The district operates a canal system centered around the three forks of the Walker River. Starting in 2009, the district has worked with the Irrigation Training and Research Center (ITRC) to modernize its system by improving the accuracy of the measured diversions from the Walker River and enhancing the real-time control capabilities of the water managers. A “package” was developed for the headworks of canals diverting water from the river, consisting …

When The Wells Run Dry, Pat Melgares

Seek

Agriculture in race for solutions to the declining Ogallala Aquifer