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Hip And Knee Biomechanics For Transtibial Amputees In Gait, Cycling, And Elliptical Training, Greg Orekhov

Master's Theses

Transtibial amputees are at increased risk of contralateral hip and knee joint osteoarthritis, likely due to abnormal biomechanics. Biomechanical challenges exist for transtibial amputees in gait and cycling; particularly, asymmetry in ground/pedal reaction forces and joint kinetics is well documented and state-of-the-art passive and powered prostheses do not fully restore natural biomechanics. Elliptical training has not been studied as a potential exercise for rehabilitation, nor have any studies been published that compare joint kinematics and kinetics and ground/pedal reaction forces for the same group of transtibial amputees in gait, cycling, and elliptical training. The hypothesis was that hip and knee …

Isbs 2018 Auckland Conference Sprinz-Hpsnz-Aut Millennium Applied Programme, Patria Hume, Martin Dowson, Mike Stanley, Barry Wilson, Simon Briscoe, Allan Carman, Jodie Cosser, Justin Evans, Sarah-Kate Millar, Michael Schofield, Kim Hebert-Losier, Craig Harrison, Kim Simperingham, Bruce Hamilton, Kelly Sheerin, Rodrigo Rico Bini, Andrew E. Kilding, Robert Tang, Andre De Jong, Farhan Tinwala, Cameron Ross, Paul Mcalpine, Josh Mcgeown, Enora Le Flao, Dustin Oranchuk, Erika Ikeda, Jono Neville, Aaron Uthoff, Andrew Pichardo, Shelley Diewald, Renata Gottgtroy, Jessica Yeoman, Casey Watkins, Eric Harbour, Anja Zoellner, Alyssa Joy Spence, Victor Lopez Jr, Albert Chang

ISBS Proceedings Archive

An interactive afternoon of sessions delivered by High Performance Sport New Zealand (HPSNZ) and AUT SPRINZ Biomechanists, Performance Analysts and other biomechanics relevant sport facing practitioners. The 11 sessions are at AUT Millennium (AUTM), which is a satellite site of AUT University and the Auckland training hub for many HPSNZ supported sports such as athletics, sailing, and swimming. These sports and others (cycling, rowing, snow sports etc.) will be represented in the line-up. The applied sessions involve practical demonstrations of aspects of analysis and/or tools used to deliver in the field to directly positively impact athletes performances on the world …

Pedal Force Direction Control In Cycling, Franziska Onasch, Walter Herzog

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to measure the pedal force magnitude and direction in the power phase of cycling for increasing force application in unconstrained (force direction was not constrained) and for constrained (force direction had to be perpendicular to the crank) conditions. Participants exerted forces on the pedal while the resultant force magnitude and direction, and the associated electromyographic activity of major lower limb muscles, were measured. Force direction for the constrained situation was maintained with a single muscle synergy across all levels of effort, suggesting that force direction is a strong regulator of muscle synergies. In contrast, …

Kinematics Of The Bmx Sx Gate Start Action, Josephine Grigg, Eric Haakonssen, Robin (Rob) Marc Orr, Wade Bootes, Justin Keogh

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to identify the sagittal range of motion across five joints and two body segments during the first three cranks of the BMX SX gate start, and to identify difference between females and males across these seven variables. This was achieved with markerless motion capture of 10 athletes, analysing three maximum effort gate starts using a motion capture and data analysis method previously validated in literature. It was found that the average range of motion for the trunk segment was 39 ± 6°, head segment was 38 ± 35°, shoulder joint was 87 ± 7°, …

Acceleration Transmitted To The Human Body During Cycling: Effect Of A Road Bike Damping System, Josef Viellehner, Wolfgang Potthast

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The objective of this study was to examine the influence of a road bike damping system on accelerations transmitted to the cyclist. Thirty male subjects performed trials with and without vibration on a damped and non-damped road racing bike at three different power level. Three-dimensional accelerations at thigh, shank, lower back, acromion, neck and forearm were recorded to quantify the athlete-bike interaction. Vibrations were found to effect the entire body significantly. Significant differences regarding the damped and non-damped bike were observed for the vibrations transmitted to the upper body, while lower extremity loading was comparable. Therefore road bike damping reduces …

Effects Of Different Pedaling Positions By Dynamic-Fitting On Muscle Fatigue And Energy Expenditure In Amateur Cyclists, Tang Chun-Kai

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Inappropriate cycling positions may affect muscle usage and raise the fatigue level or risk of sport injury. Dynamic bike fitting helps the cyclists select proper bikes and adjust them to fit their ergometry. The purpose of this study is to investigate how different “knee forward of foot” (KFOF) distances can influence the rate of muscle fatigue and the energy expenditure during long periods of cycling. 6 amateur cyclists were recruited to perform the graded exercise testing with different pedaling positions at four KFOF distances (+20, 0, -20, and -40 mm). Our results revealed that the muscle fatigue level, oxygen consumption …

Who Pays For Road Violence? Rethinking Roads, Cycling, And Tort Law, Celso Minoru Sakuraba

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Road violence is now commonplace in North American cities. However, it has not always been like this. During the advent of the automobile, every road death was a source of outrage. It was concerted action from the motor industry, organized into the self-named “motordom,” that managed to shift the blame of the deaths. With the new perception that cars had the right to the roads, victims of road violence would start sharing that blame with drivers in the popular opinion. This shift affected law, including tort law. Before the advent of the motor vehicle, cycling law was an area of …

Delivering Justice: Food Delivery Cyclists In New York City, Do J. Lee

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

In New York City (NYC), food delivery cyclists ride the streets all day and night long to provide convenient, affordable, hot food to New Yorkers. These working cyclists are often Latino or Asian male immigrants who are situated within intersectional and interlocking systems of global migration and capital flows, intense time pressures by restaurants and customers, precarious tip-based livelihoods, an e-bike ban and broken windows policing, and unsafe streets designed for drivers. I approach this research through participatory action research (PAR) and han, an indigenous Korean word that describes collective transgenerational traumas that are rooted in systems and structures …

Inverse Dynamic Analysis Of Acl Reconstructed Knee Joint Biomechanics During Gait And Cycling Using Opensim, Megan V. Pottinger

Master's Theses

ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) injuries of the knee joint alter biomechanics and may cause abnormal loading conditions that place patients at a higher risk of developing osteoarthritis (OA). There are multiple types of ACL reconstruction (ACLR), but all types aim to restore anterior tibial translation and internal tibial rotation following surgery. Analyzing knee joint contact loads provide insight into the loading conditions following ACLR that may contribute to the long-term development of OA. Ten ACLR subjects, who underwent the same reconstruction, performed gait and cycling experiments while kinematic and kinetic data were collected. Inverse dynamic analyses were performed on processed …

Understanding Child And Parent Perceptions Of Barriers Influencing Children’S Active School Travel, Katherine Wilson, A. F. Clark, Jason A. Gilliland

Human Environments Analysis Lab (HEAL)

Background

Physical activity plays a fundamental role in the health and well-being of children. Walking is the most common form of physical activity and the journey to and from school provides an opportunity for children to be active every day. This study examines how child and parent perceptions of barriers to active school travel influences children’s behaviour.

Methods

Participants were recruited from 48 elementary schools in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. The study sample includes 1296 children (ages 9–14 years) who live within walking distance of their school, defined as 1.6 km network distance. Chi-square analysis examined differences between child and parent …

Iterated Local Search Algorithms For Bike Route Generation, Aidan Pieper

Honors Theses

Planning routes for recreational cyclists is challenging because they prefer longer more scenic routes, not the shortest one. This problem can be modeled as an instance of the Arc Orienteering Problem (AOP), a known NP-Hard optimization problem. Because no known algorithms exist to solve this optimization problem efficiently, we solve the AOP using heuristic algorithms which trade accuracy for speed. We implement and evaluate two different Iterated Local Search (ILS) heuristic algorithms using an open source routing engine called GraphHopper and the OpenStreetMap data set. We propose ILS variants which our experimental results show can produce better routes at the …

From Blog To Business: A Cycling Content Transition, Sean Michael Bird

Journalism

The following research project discusses the transition from blog to business, when considering the shift for a platform that offers cycling content. Within the cycling industry, there are a vast array of cyclists, ranging from competitive cyclists to casual, lifestyle riders. Additionally, platforms exist for content production and businesses offer custom products; however, this divide is rarely bridged.

From a content perspective, this research project focuses on storytelling for brand promotion, storytelling for personal branding, and storytelling for social interaction. Within the cycling industry, unique content that focuses on people, places, and adventure fares well. For Everjourney, offerings include features, …

Human Knee Fea Model For Transtibial Amputee Tibial Cartilage Pressure In Gait And Cycling, Gregory Lane

Master's Theses

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating disease affecting roughly 31 million Americans. The incidence of OA is significantly higher for persons who have suffered a transtibial amputation. Abnormal cartilage stress can cause higher OA risk, however it is unknown if there is a connection between exercise type and cartilage stress. To help answer this, a tibiofemoral FEA model was created. Utilizing linear elastic isotropic materials and non-linear springs, the model was validated to experimental cadaveric data. In a previous study, 6 control and 6 amputee subjects underwent gait and cycling experiments. The resultant knee loads were analyzed to find the maximum …

Utrecht, Bike Capital Of The World, Martijn Rietbergen

PSU Transportation Seminars

Utrecht is a bustling, bicycle-friendly city in the Netherlands. Every day, between 7 a.m. and 7 p.m., over 125,000 cyclists ride to their work, school, university, public transport, shops or home through the city centre.

The municipality wants to make cycling even more attractive for these and other cyclists. Consequently, the bicycle is given precedence in the mobility policy of the municipality of Utrecht. We want to be the most bike-friendly city in the world. We want to keep our growing city livable, accessible and economically strong, and we are convinced that the bicycle can and should play a major …

An Investigation Of The Factors Associated With Gastrointestinal Temperature Of Cyclists During The 2017 Hotter ’N Hell Hundred 164-Km Cycling Event, Renee Gilberti

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

Physiological And Anthropometric Profiles Of Elite Teen-Age Cyclists, David Lenzi

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

Lenzi D. N., N. D. Luden, C. J. Womack, and M. J. Saunders. Physiological and anthropometric profiles of elite teen-age cyclists. Purpose: Previous research has demonstrated that maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), lactate threshold (LT), aerobic/anaerobic power output, and several anthropometric characteristics are related to elite cycling performance in adults. These values also improve during maturation in children. However, there is little research examining how these values differ between elite teen-age cyclists and their adult counterparts. Previous literature has also reported low bone mineral density (BMD) in adult cyclists when compared to recreationally active controls. This study sought to characterize the …

The Effects Of Mild Dehydration On Cycling Performance In The Heat, Elika Hamer

Health, Human Performance and Recreation Undergraduate Honors Theses

Abstract

Introduction: Hypohydration exceeding 2% of body mass (bm), affected by heat and thirst level, leads to decreased athletic performance. Both physiological and psychological factors of dehydration have an impact on an athlete’s perceived performance. However, it is unclear whether the effects of psychological, physiological, or both have a negative impact on athletic performance caused by mild hypohydration. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if mild hypohydration affects exercise performance in trained cyclists while blinding their hydration state. Methodology: Eleven competitive male cyclists participated in two blinded experimental trials, hypohydrated and euhydrated states by intra-venous infusions. The …

Survey Of Hydration Knowledge And Behavior In Youth Mountain Bike Teams, Natasha Brand

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Many youth sports organizations recognize the importance of educating on hydration practices and awareness, although according to recent research current hydration education is not correlating to effective practices. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess and describe the hydration knowledge and behavior of student-athletes participating in competitive junior high and high school mountain bike teams, in order to substantiate further research. METHODS: A total of 133 male and female participants, ranging from 11-18 years were surveyed on their hydration knowledge and behavior. All participants were apparently healthy and were active members of a National Interscholastic Cycling Association (NICA) …

Using In-Vivo Audio Feedback To Improve Cycling Performance, Andrew Lee Coet

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Many behavioral interventions have attempted to increase sports performance. These interventions include: goal setting and feedback, behavioral coaching, and acoustical guidance. The use of technological devices in all areas of life continues to steadily increase. Therefore, behavioral interventions should also adapt to meet these changes in technology. One such intervention is in-vivo audio feedback in which participants receive live feedback about their current performance while practicing the skill. In-vivo audio feedback has not yet been rigorously evaluated as a means of improving sports performance. This study used a multiple baseline across participants design to evaluate the effects of in-vivo audio …

Accuracy Of Fitbit Surge And Smartphone Apps At Measuring Cycling Distance And Speed, Jose L. Gamez Jr., Ivan A. Figueroa, Merrill D. Funk

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

There are many smartphone apps that measure distance and speed of cycling, however, there is no research on the accuracy of this cycling apps. PURPOSE: To determine the accuracy of Fitbit Surge and two smartphone applications at measuring distance and speed while cycling outside. METHODS: Thirteen college-aged students (Mean±SD; BMI: 25.2±3.0kg/m²; 10 males, 3 females) consented to participate in one measurement session. A 0.75 mile route along a sidewalk around the university campus was used for 3 separate trials using a mountain bike. A Fitbit (FB) along with an Android smartphone running Google-Fit (G-Fit) and S-Health (SH) were …

Bicycles & Business Success - A San Francisco Examination, Joseph Poirier

PSU Transportation Seminars

This presentation will review research regarding the economic impact of bicycle infrastructure on local businesses. Three case study corridors in San Francisco, CA are examined, and a robust discussion of the shortcomings of the research will be included. A question and open discussion period will follow, with a focus on constructive criticism of past research and methods to improve future work.

European Velo Stops, Kathryn Theall

Exceptional Student Work - Architecture

Kathryn Theall is a recent graduate of Sheridan College’s Architectural Technology program. Theall's shelter design was a short-listed entry into the 2018 Bee Breeders’ European Velo Stops competition, which tasked architects with designing a series of cost effective, environmentally responsible, and energy-efficient cabins for overnight stays along the EuroVelo 6 bicycle route which spans 3,600 km and 10 European countries. The jury considered the scale of the projects, their ability to be mass-produced, as well as the designs that stood out from the typical A-frame or lean-to structures” (competition press kit). Theall’s modular adaptable, design is informed …

Development Of A Dynamic Model And Control System For Load-Following Studies Of Supercritical Pulverized Coal Power Plants, Parikshit Sarda, Elijah Hedrick, Katherine Reynolds, Debangsu Bhattacharyya, National Energy Technology Laboratory

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Traditional energy production plants are increasingly forced to cycle their load and operate under low-load conditions in response to growth in intermittent renewable generation. A plant-wide dynamic model of a supercritical pulverized coal (SCPC) power plant has been developed in the Aspen Plus Dynamics® (APD) software environment and the impact of advanced control strategies on the transient responses of the key variables to load-following operation and disturbances can be studied. Models of various key unit operations, such as the steam turbine, are developed in Aspen Custom Modeler® (ACM) and integrated in the APD environment. A coordinated control system (CCS) is …

The Impact Of An Exercise Intervention On Stereotypical Behaviors In A Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder., Kirsten Nouzovsky

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of an exercise intervention in reducing stereotypical behaviors in a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A single subject A-B-A-B design with a repeating baseline was used for this investigation. The research design will be implemented to determine if an exercise program (i.e., cycling) impact the frequency of stereotypical behaviors demonstrated by a child with ASD. Results indicate that an exercise intervention has the potential to decrease stereotypical behaviors in a child with ASD. While stereotypical behaviors have always been shown to decrease immediately after physical exercise-based interventions (Kern et …

Relationship Between Strength And Power Production Capacities In Trained Sprint Track Cyclists, James Vercoe, Mike R. Mcguigan

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between strength and power capabilities in trained sprint track cyclists. Ten participants including six women and four men (age: 22.1±6.8 years, body height: 176.1±6.7 cm, body weight: 72.1±7.9 kg) performed isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) and isokinetic sprint tests. Variables measured included peak force (PF), peak rate of force development (PRFD) for the IMTP and maximal torque and maximal power (Pmax) for the isokinetic sprint test. There was a strong relationship between PF on the IMTP and maximal peak torque values across five isokinetic sprints (r=.890-.925). Strong relationships were also shown …

Assessment Of Joint Kinetics In Elite Sprint Cyclists, Lynne Munro

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Sprint cycling requires the production of explosive muscle power outputs up to very high pedalling rates. The ability to assess muscular function through the course of the sprint would aid training practices for high-level performers. Inverse dynamics provides a non-invasive means of estimating the net muscle actions acting across any joint contributing to movement. However, analysis of joint kinetics requires motion-capture techniques that present some unique challenges for cycling. This thesis presents three studies investigating the application of a custom-designed force pedal system to examine the joint kinetics of elite trained track sprint cyclists. To provide the basis for selecting …