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Articles 1 - 30 of 68
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Negotiating Motherhood And Intersecting Inequalities: A Qualitative Study Of African American Mothers And The Socialization Of Adolescent Daughters, Brandyn-Dior Mckinley
Negotiating Motherhood And Intersecting Inequalities: A Qualitative Study Of African American Mothers And The Socialization Of Adolescent Daughters, Brandyn-Dior Mckinley
Doctoral Dissertations
'Archival abstract submitted'
Race, Socioeconomics, Intelligence, And Criminal Offending: Accounting For Variation In Criminal Justice Outcomes, Elise Marie Ferguson
Race, Socioeconomics, Intelligence, And Criminal Offending: Accounting For Variation In Criminal Justice Outcomes, Elise Marie Ferguson
Sociology ETDs
Racial disparities in arrests and incarceration are well documented and typically considered the result of differences in rates of offending. However, research indicates variation in rates of arrest and incarceration by race is not due entirely to differences in offending. While criminal offending can result in part from differences in economic and social factors, these factors also influence criminal justice outcomes. The focal concerns perspective posits that criminal justice actors develop a schema – a pattern of thought or behavior – which can influence decision making and lead to differential treatment by race in criminal justice outcomes. This schema can …
Facing The Ghost Of Cruikshank In Constitutional Law, Martha T. Mccluskey
Facing The Ghost Of Cruikshank In Constitutional Law, Martha T. Mccluskey
Martha T. McCluskey
For a symposium on Teaching Ferguson, this essay considers how the standard introductory constitutional law course evades the history of legal struggle against institutionalized anti-black violence. The traditional course emphasizes the drama of anti-majoritarian judicial expansion of substantive rights. Looming over the doctrines of equal protection and due process, the ghost of Lochner warns of dangers of judicial leadership in substantive constitutional change. This standard narrative tends to lower expectations for constitutional justice, emphasizing the virtues of judicial modesty and formalism. By supplementing the ghost of Lochner with the ghost of comparably infamous and influential case, United States v. Cruikshank …
Fair Housing And Inclusive Communities, Molly W. Metzger, Amy T. Khare
Fair Housing And Inclusive Communities, Molly W. Metzger, Amy T. Khare
Center for Social Development Research
Residential segregation—by race and by income—is a fundamental driver of inequality in the United States. Segregated living patterns undergird many of the social problems faced by disadvantaged populations. Solutions to segregation include interventions that create housing opportunity in higher income areas, preserve affordability in gentrifying areas, and target investment to the areas most in need. The realization of fair housing and the creation of inclusive communities would be bolstered by innovation in community–academic partnerships.
Pathways To Delinquency And Substance Use Among African American Youth: Does Future Orientation Mediate The Effects Of Peer Norms And Parental Monitoring?, Dexter R. Voisin
Pathways To Delinquency And Substance Use Among African American Youth: Does Future Orientation Mediate The Effects Of Peer Norms And Parental Monitoring?, Dexter R. Voisin
Faculty Scholarship
The following study assessed whether future orientation mediated the effects of peer norms and parental monitoring on delinquency and substance use among 549 African American adolescents. Structural equation modeling computed direct and indirect (meditational) relationships between parental monitoring and peer norms through future orientation. Parental monitoring significantly correlated with lower delinquency through future orientation (B = −.05, standard deviation =.01, p <.01). Future orientation mediated more than quarter (27.70%) of the total effect of parental monitoring on delinquency. Overall findings underscore the importance of strengthening resilience factors for African American youth, especially those who live in low-income communities.
The Fallacy Of A Colorblind Consent Search Doctrine, Beau C. Tremitiere
The Fallacy Of A Colorblind Consent Search Doctrine, Beau C. Tremitiere
Northwestern University Law Review
Most searches conducted by police officers are “consensual” and thus beyond the reach of the Fourth Amendment. However, such searches violate the Fourth Amendment when, under the totality of circumstances, consent appears to be a product of coercion—that is, when the consent was involuntary. In 1980, in Mendenhall v. United States, the Supreme Court identified race as a relevant factor courts should consider but failed to explain precisely why race was relevant. After decades of mistreatment and state-sanctioned violence, distrust of law enforcement was rampant in communities of color, and the Mendenhall Court correctly intuited (but failed to describe) the …
Out Of The Core: Negotiating Everyday Difference And Belonging Among Racialized Youth In East-End Toronto Neighbourhoods, Anuppiriya Sriskandarajah
Out Of The Core: Negotiating Everyday Difference And Belonging Among Racialized Youth In East-End Toronto Neighbourhoods, Anuppiriya Sriskandarajah
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The objective of this study is to examine the way youth negotiate belonging in two priority neighbourhoods - Malvern and Chester Le in Toronto’s east-end. It asks how youth experience belonging and negotiate difference in ‘priority neighbourhoods’. In what ways does space shape belonging and difference? How do youth reproduce dominant scripts and rupture others in their quest for belonging in their communities? In contrast to the previous studies that are spatially decontextualized, I argue that neighbourhoods are the very sites where youth negotiate differences and connections as they engage with peers, families, friends and residents. The importance of space …
Renaissance Fair, Richey Piiparinen
Renaissance Fair, Richey Piiparinen
Richey Piiparinen
As Cleveland moves forward as a city on the rise, we risk leaving too many behind. Creating solutions for greater equity may be our best chance at a sustainable future.
Looking At Justice Through A Lens Of Healing And Reconnection, Annalise Buth, Lynn Cohn
Looking At Justice Through A Lens Of Healing And Reconnection, Annalise Buth, Lynn Cohn
Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy
No abstract provided.
Panel Discussion: Expanding Our Conception Of Justice
Panel Discussion: Expanding Our Conception Of Justice
Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy
No abstract provided.
Police In America: Ensuring Accountability And Mitigating Racial Bias Feat. Professor Destiny Peery
Police In America: Ensuring Accountability And Mitigating Racial Bias Feat. Professor Destiny Peery
Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy
No abstract provided.
Police In America: Ensuring Accountability And Mitigating Racial Bias Feat. Paul Butler
Police In America: Ensuring Accountability And Mitigating Racial Bias Feat. Paul Butler
Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy
No abstract provided.
Reforming The Ranks: Policy Initiatives To Ensure Police Accountability & Improve Police And Community Relations
Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy
No abstract provided.
Building Movement: Racial Injustice, Transformative Justice And Reimagined Policing
Building Movement: Racial Injustice, Transformative Justice And Reimagined Policing
Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy
No abstract provided.
The Violent State: Black Women's Invisible Struggle Against Police Violence, Michelle S. Jacobs
The Violent State: Black Women's Invisible Struggle Against Police Violence, Michelle S. Jacobs
UF Law Faculty Publications
Black women have a very specific history with the state and law enforcement that is not replicated among other women’s communities, and it is that unique situation that is the focus of this Article. Part I of this Article explores the historical roots of Black women’s interaction with the state. Part II of this Article is broken into two sections. The first will cover police killings of Black women. The second part of the section will explore the conditions under which Black women are physically assaulted by the police. Part III of the Article seeks to highlight when the police …
Blame Attribution In Rape Crimes: The Effects Of Willing Substance Use, Race, And Rape Myth Acceptance, Nedeljko Golubovic
Blame Attribution In Rape Crimes: The Effects Of Willing Substance Use, Race, And Rape Myth Acceptance, Nedeljko Golubovic
Counseling and Psychological Services Dissertations
Rape is a highly prevalent crime, and it is one of the most severe traumatic events experienced by women. Previous researchers have found that, unlike other crimes, blame attribution in rape cases is inconsistent and influenced by many external elements (Bieneck & Krahe, 2011; Grubb & Turner, 2012; Masser, Lee, & McKimmie, 2010; Stewart & Jacquin, 2010). In this study, the influence of willing substance use and race on attribution of blame from a sample of 316 undergraduate students attending a large, Southeastern, public, urban university was examined. More specifically, results from this investigation described how the type of substance …
Democratizing Criminal Justice Through Contestation And Resistance, Jocelyn Simonson
Democratizing Criminal Justice Through Contestation And Resistance, Jocelyn Simonson
Northwestern University Law Review
Collective forms of participation in criminal justice from members of marginalized groups—for example, when people gather together to engage in participatory defense, organized copwatching, community bail funds, or prison labor strikes—have a profound effect on everyday criminal justice. In this Essay I argue that these bottom-up forms of participation are not only powerful and important, but also crucial for democratic criminal justice. Collective mechanisms of resistance and contestation build agency, remedy power imbalances, bring aggregate structural harms into view, and shift deeply entrenched legal and constitutional meanings. Many of these forms of contestation display a faith in local democracy as …
Racing Abnormality, Normalizing Race: The Origins Of America's Peculiar Carceral State And Its Prospects For Democratic Transformation Today, Jonathan Simon
Racing Abnormality, Normalizing Race: The Origins Of America's Peculiar Carceral State And Its Prospects For Democratic Transformation Today, Jonathan Simon
Northwestern University Law Review
For those struggling with criminal justice reform today, the long history of failed efforts to close the gap between the promise of legal equality and the practice of our police forces and prison systems can seem mysterious and frustrating. Progress has been made in establishing stronger rights for individuals in the investigatory and sanctioning stages of the criminal process; yet, the patterns of over-incarceration and police violence, which are especially concentrated on people of color, have actually gotten worse during the same period. Seen in terms of its deeper history however, the carceral state is no longer puzzling: it has …
Remotivating The Black Vote: The Effect Of Low-Quality Information On Black Voters In The 2016 Presidential Election And How Librarians Can Intervene, Andrew P. Jackson, Denyvetta Davis, James Kelly Alston
Remotivating The Black Vote: The Effect Of Low-Quality Information On Black Voters In The 2016 Presidential Election And How Librarians Can Intervene, Andrew P. Jackson, Denyvetta Davis, James Kelly Alston
Publications and Research
In a phenomenon that was surprising to many, given the racially charged nature of the 2016 presidential election, black voter turnout was significantly lower than the previous two elections. Donald Trump’s victory is attributable to many factors, one of which was the lower participation of black voters in several swing states. To a lesser extent, black support for third-party candidates also aided Trump’s victory. The lower black turnout itself is attributable to several factors, but one factor specifically in the LIS realm was the prevalence of low-quality information and rhetoric and a susceptibility that some black voters had to this …
Criminalizing Pregnancy, Cortney E. Lollar
Criminalizing Pregnancy, Cortney E. Lollar
Law Faculty Scholarly Articles
The state of Tennessee arrested a woman two days after she gave birth and charged her with assault of her newborn child based on her use of narcotics during her pregnancy. Tennessee's 2014 assault statute was the first to explicitly criminalize the use of drugs by a pregnant woman. But this law, along with others like it being considered by legislatures across the country, is only the most recent manifestation of a long history of using criminal law to punish poor mothers and mothers of color for their behavior while pregnant. The purported motivation for such laws is the harm …
When It Is Troublesome To Do Right: A Narrative Analysis Of The Continual Censorship And “Sivilizing” Of Huckleberry Finn, Angela P. Branyon
When It Is Troublesome To Do Right: A Narrative Analysis Of The Continual Censorship And “Sivilizing” Of Huckleberry Finn, Angela P. Branyon
Teaching & Learning Theses & Dissertations
This qualitative dissertation is a part of a broader program of research that investigates intellectual freedom. The study focuses on developing understanding in three distinct, but related, research areas – the American historical and cultural narrative of race, the historical discourse of intellectual freedom, and the role The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn can play in adding to and perhaps changing these historic stories. By using historical narrative inquiry, data was examined from each story to find correlations among the discourses Where previous research centers on and develops the reasons why Huck Finn has been challenged, this research focuses on how …
The Death Penalty In The Twenty-First Century , Stephen B. Bright, Edward Chikofsky, Laurie Ekstrand, Harriet C. Ganson, Paul D. Kamenar, Robert E. Morin, William G. Otis, Jasmin Raskin, Ira P. Robbins, Diann Rust-Tierney, Charles F. Shilling, Andrew L. Sooner, Ronald J. Rabak, David V. Drehle, James Wootton
The Death Penalty In The Twenty-First Century , Stephen B. Bright, Edward Chikofsky, Laurie Ekstrand, Harriet C. Ganson, Paul D. Kamenar, Robert E. Morin, William G. Otis, Jasmin Raskin, Ira P. Robbins, Diann Rust-Tierney, Charles F. Shilling, Andrew L. Sooner, Ronald J. Rabak, David V. Drehle, James Wootton
Jamin Raskin
No abstract provided.
Perspective-Taking Of The Defendant: Does Race Influence The Final Sentencing Verdict For Mock Jurors?, Matthew A. Pardo
Perspective-Taking Of The Defendant: Does Race Influence The Final Sentencing Verdict For Mock Jurors?, Matthew A. Pardo
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
The main objective of this study is to test whether there are disparities in a final sentencing verdict, of a guilty defendant that identifies as either African-American or Caucasian. Using a mock-jury design, participants were randomly assigned to the police report of Jamal Washington (representing the African-American defendant), or Greg Sullivan (representing the Caucasian defendant). Additionally, participants were randomly assigned to either take the perspective of the defendant or not to take the perspective of the defendant (control). This combination of race and perspective-taking as manipulations allows for the examination of the extent of racial schemas in courtroom settings through …
Demeanor, Race, And Police Perceptions Of Procedural Justice: Evidence From Two Randomized Experiments, Justin Nix, Justin T. Pickett, Scott E. Wolfe, Bradley A. Campbell
Demeanor, Race, And Police Perceptions Of Procedural Justice: Evidence From Two Randomized Experiments, Justin Nix, Justin T. Pickett, Scott E. Wolfe, Bradley A. Campbell
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications
President Obama’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing recently endorsed procedural justice as a way to restore trust between police and communities. Yet police–citizen interactions vary immensely, and research has yet to give sufficient consideration to the factors that might affect the importance officers place on exercising procedural justice during interactions. Building on research examining “moral worthiness” judgments and racial stereotyping among police officers, we conducted two randomized experiments to test whether suspect race and demeanor affect officers’ perceptions of the threat of violence and importance of exercising procedural justice while interacting with suspicious persons. We find that suspect race …
Race And Crime Conflict In News Coverage In Britain: The Voice Tabloid Newspaper, Brian Chama
Race And Crime Conflict In News Coverage In Britain: The Voice Tabloid Newspaper, Brian Chama
Publications and Scholarship
The Voice tabloid newspaper was founded in 1982 by Jamaican-born accountant Val McCalla. It is a diaspora media that campaigns for black immigrants in Britain especially on matters of race discrimination at the hands of the law enforcement agencies. During the 1980s, and in the wake of the Brixton riots, the tabloid secured huge circulation figures. Over its three decade reign, it has come to be known as ‘Britain’s Best Black Newspaper’ and has served the black community by giving them a voice where other mainstream media have largely failed. It has over the years been a thorn in the …
Learning To Disclose: A Post Colonial Autoethnography Of Transracial Adoption, Joni Schwartz, Rebecca Schwartz
Learning To Disclose: A Post Colonial Autoethnography Of Transracial Adoption, Joni Schwartz, Rebecca Schwartz
Publications and Research
This autoethnographic research project examines the transformational learning of a transracial adoptive adult mother and daughter through the lens of postcolonialism. As collaborative researchers, adult adoptee and adoptive mother, examine this lifelong learning experience through critical self-reflection, qualitative meta-analysis, and autoethnographic research methods within the overarching historical and sociopolitical context of Haiti. The findings address the lived complexities of increasingly hybrid families, particularly around the contentious boundaries of race, nationality, and colonial history, as they impact transformational learning. Color blindness and racial identity development for both mother and daughter within their relationship are explored. Implications for adult educators around the …
Racial Salience In Context: The Role Of Visual Information On Conviction Decisions, Krystia Grembocki
Racial Salience In Context: The Role Of Visual Information On Conviction Decisions, Krystia Grembocki
Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal
Jurors arguably play the most influential role in determining the outcome of most criminal trials. The U.S. legal system relies on them to make unbiased, substantiated decisions based on evidence presented in court. The problem with this expectation is that jurors are ordinary people who are subject to the influence of extralegal factors – variables that are not legally related to a case (e.g. how a defendant looks). Unfortunately, when jurors hold implicit biases regarding the appearance of defendants, extralegal factors, such as race, tend to have at least some impact on their verdict (Maeder & Hunt, 2011; Mitchell, Haw, …
Studying Guilt Perception In Millennials: Unexpected Effects Of Suspects' Race And Attractiveness, D. Lisa Cothran, Elena V. Stepanova, K. Raquel Barlow
Studying Guilt Perception In Millennials: Unexpected Effects Of Suspects' Race And Attractiveness, D. Lisa Cothran, Elena V. Stepanova, K. Raquel Barlow
Faculty Publications
The present study explored mock jurors’ guilt judgments with a 2 (Jurors’ Race: Black vs. White) × 2 (Suspects’ Race: Black vs. White) × 2 (Suspects’ Attractiveness: High vs. Low) design in a group of Millennials (N = 331). Black jurors were more lenient; all jurors were more lenient toward Black suspects; and White jurors were less lenient toward Black unattractive suspects. The current study contributes the following novel findings to the literature: documentation of a possible Black experimenter effect in mock jurors; an interaction among suspects’ race, suspects’ attractiveness, and jurors’ race, suggesting that racial bias exhibited by …
The Effect Of Phenotypic Bias On Lineup Construction Fairness, Sydney Y. Wood
The Effect Of Phenotypic Bias On Lineup Construction Fairness, Sydney Y. Wood
Student Theses
There is converging evidence that people make inferences about others’ culpability and deservingness of punishment based on whether they express more of the African phenotype (e.g., darker skin, wider nose, thicker lips; Blair, Judd, & Chapleau, 2004; Eberhardt Goff, Purdie & Davies, 2004; Kahn & Davies, 2011). What is less clear is whether facial features that are phenotypically related to particular racial groups play a role in the mistaken identification of innocent Black suspects. Eyewitness descriptions lack detail with regard to racial phenotypes (Fahsing, Ask & Granhag, 2004; Nicholson & Kovera, 2013). Without descriptions containing phenotypic features to use when …
Mass Shootings And The Media: How Race And Ethnicity Influence Media Coverage, Emily Wheeler
Mass Shootings And The Media: How Race And Ethnicity Influence Media Coverage, Emily Wheeler
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
Topics related to crime and the criminal justice system comprise a majority of topics discussed in the media. This study explores how media coverage of mass shootings varies based on the racial or ethnic identity of the shooter. Topics examined include popular beliefs and misconceptions about the race of mass murderers, the role mass media plays in influencing public perceptions about race and crime related topics, and the alarming rate at which the public recognizes and accepts the media as a reliable source of information when official data sources provide a much different picture. Further analysis of the Columbine High …