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Efficacy Of Three Anticoagulant Rodenticides For The Control Of Poison-Shy Rattus Rattus, Devendra Bhardwaj, Ishwar Prakash
Efficacy Of Three Anticoagulant Rodenticides For The Control Of Poison-Shy Rattus Rattus, Devendra Bhardwaj, Ishwar Prakash
Proceedings of the Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference (1984)
House rats (Rattus rattus) which do not consume a lethal dose of zinc phosphide develop poison-shyness after a single exposure. The surviving poison-shy rats cannot be baited again with zinc phosphide for about three months. Poison-shy rats were separately given anticoagulant baits (brodifa-coum 0.005%, coumatetralyl and warfarin 0.025%) in no-choice tests. The first two anticoagulants were found to be the most efficient ones. It was observed that those R. rattus which had consumed 56.7 mg/kg or more zinc phosphide died sooner (P < 0.05 to 0.1) after anticoagulant poisoning when compared with normal rats. It is conjectured that prothrombin inhibition is accelerated in the liver of poison-shy R. rattus due to the action of phosphine present in the earlier ingested sublethal dose of …
Nuisance Bats: Current Technology In Their Management And Control, Robert L. Corrigan
Nuisance Bats: Current Technology In Their Management And Control, Robert L. Corrigan
Proceedings of the Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference (1984)
Managing nuisance bat colonies can be accomplished via exclusion (bat-proofing) or in limited cases via the use of repellents. Exclusion is emphasized as the first and most desirable approach providing it is also practical. New products and devices have recently become available which may significantly aid in making exclusion programs more possible and practical. Repellents such as lights, fiberglass batting and various improvised mechanical devices may all have some utilization. Controlling nuisance bats can be accomplished via the use of toxicants and trapping, although there is considerable opposition from many bat researchers towards the use of toxicants. Toxicants that have …
Commingling Of Norway And Roof Rats With Native Rodents, Rex O. Baker
Commingling Of Norway And Roof Rats With Native Rodents, Rex O. Baker
Proceedings of the Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference (1984)
The ecology of plague relies on the intermixing (commingling) of animal hosts and their ectoparasites. There has been a noticeable increase in commingling of rats and ground squirrels in Southern California in recent years. This paper discusses this phenomenon in Los Angeles and Orange Counties, where it occurs, how it results from man's activities, and the ecology of varying locations. The role of fleas as vectors of plague and the intermixing of fleas between hosts are discussed. Action to reduce the incidence of commingling and the threat of plague to the urban society is addressed.
Hazards To Golden-Mantled Ground Squirrels And Associated Secondary Hazard Potential From Strychnine For Forest Secondary Pocket Gophers, R. Michael Anthony, Gerald D. Lindsey, James Evans
Hazards To Golden-Mantled Ground Squirrels And Associated Secondary Hazard Potential From Strychnine For Forest Secondary Pocket Gophers, R. Michael Anthony, Gerald D. Lindsey, James Evans
Proceedings of the Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference (1984)
Radio telemetry and capture-recapture techniques were used to evaluate the hazards to golden-mantled ground squirrels ( Spermophilus lateralis) from hand baiting with 0.5% strychnine-treated for western pocket gophers (Thomomys mazama) on conifer plantations in eastern Oregon. Toxicology data were collected on field-killed and caged ground squirrels and on caged mink (Mustela vison, great horned owls (Bubo virginianus), and red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis). Ground squirrel populations were reduced 50% to 75% following underground baiting for pocket gophers. Maximum amount of strychnine found in cheek pouches and carcass of a field-killed golden-mantled ground …
Preliminary Investigations Of The Effectiveness Of Trimethacarb As A Bird Repellent In Developing Countries, R.L. Bruggers, P. Sultana, J.E. Brooks, L.A. Fiedler, M. Rimpel, S. Manikowski, N. Shivanarayan, N. Santhaiah, I. Okuno
Preliminary Investigations Of The Effectiveness Of Trimethacarb As A Bird Repellent In Developing Countries, R.L. Bruggers, P. Sultana, J.E. Brooks, L.A. Fiedler, M. Rimpel, S. Manikowski, N. Shivanarayan, N. Santhaiah, I. Okuno
Proceedings of the Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference (1984)
Preliminary information on the effectiveness of trimethacarb as a bird repellent on broadcast seed and ripening crops was obtained during 1982 and 1983 from studies in Haiti, India, the Philippines, Bangladesh, Mali, and the United States. R50 and LD50 determinations for nine pest bird species to cereal crops in these countries indicated birds were not as sensitive to trimethacarb as to the avian repellent methiocarb. Rice and millet seed germination was not inhibited at 0.125 and 0.25% treatment levels. Wheat seed germinated well at treatments of ≤0.5% in Bangladesh. Sorghum seed did not germinate as well at any treatment level. …
Keynote Address—Politics Of Pesticides, David H. Dietz
Keynote Address—Politics Of Pesticides, David H. Dietz
Proceedings of the Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference (1984)
The politics of pesticides is a rather humorless topic, as I'm sure most of you know. I've always been told that when you start an address or make a speech you ought to have some kind of humor, if for no other reason that you at least get your audience to listen to you for two minutes during any presen-tation. For those of you that may be members of the Audubon Society or members of the Sierra Club, I'll, in advance, make my apologies for the joke I'm about to tell. It's not really meant as a put down if …
Rat Control In Alberta, Michael J. Dorrance
Rat Control In Alberta, Michael J. Dorrance
Proceedings of the Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference (1984)
A rat control program, administered and coordinated by Alberta Department of Agriculture, has kept Alberta essentially free of Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) since 1950. A control zone, 29 x 600 km, along the eastern border prevents rats from moving into Alberta from the east. Sporadic rat infestations within the interior of Alberta are reported by concerned citizens and eradicated by government personnel. Strong support for the program by citizens and local governments was developed through public education and information. The program has been successful for a variety of reasons including geography, climate, legislation, availability of warfarin, the relatively …
Success In Rat Control In Kuwait, K.S. Al-Sanei, T.M. Zaghloul, A.M. Salit, M.T. Omar, M.M. Balba
Success In Rat Control In Kuwait, K.S. Al-Sanei, T.M. Zaghloul, A.M. Salit, M.T. Omar, M.M. Balba
Proceedings of the Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference (1984)
The preliminary rat survey prior to the actual attack phase of Rat Control Program in Kuwait revealed an infestation rate with the Norway rat, Rattus norveqicus, in buildings ranging between 32.7% and 70.7%. The comparatively high infestation was observed in 92.5% of Kuwait buildings. Moreover the infestation reached 99% in certain districts of the country. This high infestation was associated with an increase in rat-borne diseases particularly murine typhus, salmonellosis, rat-bite fever and certain parasitic diseases. A programme for rodent control in Kuwait was initiated through a political decision by the cabinet which gave the full responsibility of rodent …
Repellent Or Aversive Chemicals In Sheep Neck Collars Did Not Deter Coyote Attacks, Richard J. Burns, Guy E. Connolly, Richard E. Griffiths Jr.
Repellent Or Aversive Chemicals In Sheep Neck Collars Did Not Deter Coyote Attacks, Richard J. Burns, Guy E. Connolly, Richard E. Griffiths Jr.
Proceedings of the Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference (1984)
Since 1974 the Fish and Wildlife Service has studied a "toxic collar" to poison coyotes that attack collared sheep and goats. The collar patent (McBride 1974) indicates that the same collar could deliver chemicals to repel coyotes, thus saving both the coyote and the livestock. This report summarizes our experience with nonlethal tests of collars. During collar tests with 10 different toxicants, 21 coyotes received sublethal doses followed by aversive behavior or potentially aversive reactions. The subsequent predation history of these coyotes was examined for prey-avoidance. After a sublethal test, all coyotes killed lambs or kids in about 40 days, …
Opening Remarks—Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference, Dell O'Clark
Opening Remarks—Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference, Dell O'Clark
Proceedings of the Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference (1984)
On behalf of the Vertebrate Pest Council, it is my pleasure to welcome all of you to Sacramento and to the 11th Vertebrate Pest Conference. The first Vertebrate Pest Conference was held 22 years ago here in Sacramento in 1962. The conference is now over two years into its third decade of existence. In all this time, the basic goals of the Conference have not changed; that is, to provide a basis for dissemination of information on vertebrate pests and their control. Some things have changed in these 22 years, most of which have been for the good. The first …
Vole Control In Field Crops, Jerry P. Clark
Vole Control In Field Crops, Jerry P. Clark
Proceedings of the Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference (1984)
There are five species of meadow voles found in California. The two that are most economically important are Microtus californicus and Microtus montanus. Meadow vole populations are extremely cyclic, reaching a peak every four to six years. During these periods when the vole population is increasing in numbers, damage to crops like alfalfa, artichokes, potatoes, and sugar beets can occur. The best time to survey for vole activity is before the crop is planted. The grower or farm operator should look for vole activity in grassy borders around the crop or along roadsides and ditch bank areas. Snap-trapping may …
Conference Participants
Proceedings of the Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference (1984)
The Conference totaled 409 registered attendees. The participants came from 30 states, the District of Columbia, and 15 other countries: Bangladesh, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Germany (Federal Republic of), Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Nigeria, Tanzania, United Kingdom, and Zimbabwe. Students from Egypt and Taiwan were also in attendance. The wide representation from the United States and from countries throughout the world contributed to the success of the Conference by providing a highly diversified group for the exchange of ideas and information.
Performance Of Sodium Cyanide Ejectors, Guy Connnolly, Gary D. Simmons
Performance Of Sodium Cyanide Ejectors, Guy Connnolly, Gary D. Simmons
Proceedings of the Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference (1984)
Performance of three models of sodium cyanide (NaCN) ejectors was evaluated at Port O'Connor, Texas, early in 1982. M-44s, M-50s, and coyote getters were test-pulled and reset at 7-day or 21-day intervals for 42 days. Each pull was recorded as good if, in our judgment, it would have taken a coyote. Based on 402 to 430 test pulls of each ejector model, the percentages of good pulls were 40% for M-50s, 73% for M-44s, and 99% for coyote getters. M-44s with shortened plungers performed better than standard M-44s. Most pulls of M-50s resulted in ejection failure due to corrosion between …
Woodpeckers: A Serious Suburban Problem?, Scott R. Craven
Woodpeckers: A Serious Suburban Problem?, Scott R. Craven
Proceedings of the Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference (1984)
Damage to homes and buildings caused by woodpeckers is a widespread and locally severe problem in vertebrate pest control. This paper describes the distribution, characteristics, and impacts of woodpecker damage as determined by questionnaires, interviews, and published accounts. Woodpecker damage results from territorial behavior, feeding, or nesting activity. Some plywood and cedar are especially vulnerable. Average loss per incident is about $300, although some cases result in much greater losses. Disturbance and aggravation are also important factors. Abatement measures include scare devices, structural modification, chemical treatment of the siding, and shooting or trapping (with a permit). Success is variable. Recommendations …
Current Status Of Research On The Blackbird-Sunflower Problem In North Dakota, Joseph L. Guarino
Current Status Of Research On The Blackbird-Sunflower Problem In North Dakota, Joseph L. Guarino
Proceedings of the Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference (1984)
Since 1979, the Denver Wildlife Research Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, has conducted an accelerated research program on the blackbird-sunflower problem which occurs annually in the Dakotas and Minnesota. The objective is to develop effective, cost beneficial and environmentally safe methods for reducing blackbird damage to ripening sunflower. A multidisciplinary approach involving interrelated studies of problem definition, ecology, and control methods development is being used. Preliminary results are presented from several studies involving: state- and county-wide estimates of damage; frequency distribution and timing of damage; compensatory growth in early damaged sunflower heads; breeding male blackbird censuses; mass-marking migratory red-winged …
Strobe Light And Siren Devices For Protecting Fenced-Pasture And Range Sheep From Coyote Predation, Samuel B. Linhart
Strobe Light And Siren Devices For Protecting Fenced-Pasture And Range Sheep From Coyote Predation, Samuel B. Linhart
Proceedings of the Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference (1984)
The effectiveness of frightening devices for reducing coyote predation on domestic sheep has not been adequately studied. Portable, battery-operated strobe light/siren devices protected pastured sheep from coyotes for a mean of 53 nights (10 trials) and 91 nights (5 trials). Results of ongoing tests of the devices for reducing predation on herded sheep on summer range in western Colorado have so far been encouraging. Future research needs are outlined.
Resistance To The Second-Generation Anticoagulant Rodenticides, Mogens Lund
Resistance To The Second-Generation Anticoagulant Rodenticides, Mogens Lund
Proceedings of the Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference (1984)
The second-generation anticoagulants, difenacoum, bromadiolone and brodifacoum, have taken over a considerable part of the rodenticidal market during the last six to eight years. This is partly due to the higher efficiency against a larger spectrum of rodent pest species and partly to the increasing problem of physiological resistance to the older anticoagulants. Resistance of practical importance has, however, now been encountered to difenacoum and bromadiolone in Europe, i.e., UK and Scandinavia. Brodifacoum, in spite of the evidence of a somewhat increased tolerance in some commensal rodent populations, still must be considered a highly effective rodenticide against almost all important …
Feral Equine Management At The Naval Weapons Center, Thomas J. Mcgill
Feral Equine Management At The Naval Weapons Center, Thomas J. Mcgill
Proceedings of the Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference (1984)
Feral equines present a unique management problem for federal land managers. Although feral burros are an invader species introduced onto the North American Continent by 16th Century Spanish explorers, they have both State and Federal protection. Under the umbrella of this protection, feral burro populations exploded in the 1970s. By 1979 the Naval Weapons Center, China Lake, California, was being overrun by burros. Burros were destroying the desert environment and creating very real hazards to aircraft, vehicles and personnel. The Naval Weapons Center in an unprecedented move implemented an interim emergency removal program. A total of 1513 burros was removed …
Research On Winter Roosting Blackbirds And Starlings In The Southeastern United States, Donald F. Mott
Research On Winter Roosting Blackbirds And Starlings In The Southeastern United States, Donald F. Mott
Proceedings of the Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference (1984)
Each winter, more than 300 million blackbirds and starlings congregate in hundreds of roosting sites in the southeastern United States. In addition to nuisance problems involving odor and property damage from fecal material, and potential airport hazards, research studies to date suggest that the major problems with these birds and their roosts involve grain losses in feedlots, latent disease transmission to livestock, and public health concerns with histoplasmosis. Control methods development studies have shown the utility of Starlicide and nonchemical control methods in reducing starling feedlot problems. A sprinkler-irrigation delivery system for the surfactant, PA-14, has been developed that enhances …
Potential Primary And Secondary Hazards Of Avicides, E.W. Schafer Jr.
Potential Primary And Secondary Hazards Of Avicides, E.W. Schafer Jr.
Proceedings of the Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference (1984)
There are six chemicals or groups of chemicals that are currently registered as avicides that can be used in some or all of the U.S. Most of these chemicals, because of their diverse chemical composition and innate toxicological effects, present somewhat different primary and secondary hazards to avian and mammalian predators and scavengers. Of the chemicals reviewed, all appear to present some degree of primary hazard to non-target birds and mammals; however, PA-14, the Starlicide family of chemicals and fenthion appear to be the least hazardous when used according to use directions. 4-Aminopyridine, endrin and strychnine, because of their high …
Toxic Characteristics Of Fluorocitrate, The Toxic Metabolite Of Compound 1080 , Peter J. Savarie
Toxic Characteristics Of Fluorocitrate, The Toxic Metabolite Of Compound 1080 , Peter J. Savarie
Proceedings of the Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference (1984)
This paper reviews toxicological research involving fluorocitrate, the toxic metabolite of sodium monofluoroacetate (fluoroacetate), which is the active ingredient in the pesticide Compound 1080. Many toxicological studies have been done with fluoroacetate and the results obtained are actually due to the fluorocitrate because it has been definitely proved that, from a biochemical perspective, fluoroacetate is not toxic but fluorocitrate is. The classical explanation of the toxic action of fluorocitrate is that it inhibits the enzyme aconitase in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Deactivation of aconitase results in decreased energy production by cells and ultimately death of the organism. However, the more …
Predator Management For Ducks On Waterfowl Production Areas In The Northern Plains, Alan B. Sargeant, Phillip M. Arnold
Predator Management For Ducks On Waterfowl Production Areas In The Northern Plains, Alan B. Sargeant, Phillip M. Arnold
Proceedings of the Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference (1984)
In 1961, Congress initiated the Accelerated Wetland Acquisition Program, which has resulted in purchase of about 2,450 scattered small Waterfowl Production Area (WPA) management units in the Prairie Pothole Region of Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota. The WPAs are administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS); increased duck production is a major management objective. Duck recruitment rates in much of the four-state area are very low because of high predation, especially on nests. Principal predators responsible for the predation are six mammalian carnivores and one rodent. The actions of predators on WPAs, especially in central and …
Efficacy Test Protocols For Evaluation Of Ultrasonic Rodent Repellent Devices, Stephen A. Schumake, G. Keith Lavoie, Kenneth Crane
Efficacy Test Protocols For Evaluation Of Ultrasonic Rodent Repellent Devices, Stephen A. Schumake, G. Keith Lavoie, Kenneth Crane
Proceedings of the Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference (1984)
Controlled laboratory and field test protocols were developed to assess the repellent efficacies of six commercially manufactured ultrasonic rodent repellent devices. The laboratory test structure (68.7 sq m) was divided into two rooms (32.5 sq m each) with a central harborage area (3.5 sq m) containing a colony of 12 wild Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus). For each test, a single ultrasonic device was attached to the far end of one room and rat activity measures (oat consumption, packet damage, photocell counts) were taken during 1-week baseline and 2-1/2-week test periods. Field test structures varied in floor area (6.5 …
The Use Of Wild Carnivore Serology In Determining Patterns Of Plague Activity In Rodents In California, Charles R. Smith, Bernard C. Nelson, Allan M. Barnes
The Use Of Wild Carnivore Serology In Determining Patterns Of Plague Activity In Rodents In California, Charles R. Smith, Bernard C. Nelson, Allan M. Barnes
Proceedings of the Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference (1984)
Carnivores obtain plague infection through ingestion of infected rodents or rabbits or via flea bite. Most are resistant to infection, show little or no symptoms, and produce antibodies to Yersinia pestis which may persist for several months. Consequently, carnivores can be used as serological plague sentinels using the specific passive or indirect hemagglutination test in the laboratory. A carnivore serology program for plague detection began in California in 1974. The program is a cooperative effort incorporating state and federal vector-borne disease units and state and federal predator animal control personnel. The program has proven to be an important tool in …
Rodent Control In China, Deng Zhi, Wang Cheng-Xin
Rodent Control In China, Deng Zhi, Wang Cheng-Xin
Proceedings of the Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference (1984)
Rodent pest problems and their control in China are reviewed. Three commensal species, Rattus norvegicus, R. flavipectus and Mus musculus, are important pests both in urban and rural regions. Mus musculus is the most widely distributed species in China. Its population density is cyclic, unique for a commensal species in being found in the arid Xinjiang (Sinkiang) Autonomous Region in Northwest China. In South China, R. losea and Bandicota indica are serious problems in rice and cane fields. Many different genera of field rodents are considered pests to agriculture and/or are reservoirs of rodent-borne diseases. These include Citellus, Marmota, …
Acute Rodenticides In The Control Of Rodent Pest In China: A Review, Zuwang Wang
Acute Rodenticides In The Control Of Rodent Pest In China: A Review, Zuwang Wang
Proceedings of the Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference (1984)
In China, the earliest record, "The Book of Song," vividly describes that farmers complained of rodent damage and earnestly hoped rodents did not eat their crops. It will be seen from this that since the spring and autumn period (770-476 B.C.), rats, mice and voles have been among the major problems of China. It is said that there are 400 species of mammals in China and 150 species of them are rodents, of which 25-30 species of rodents are usually considered serious pests. Large amounts of grassland, forests and agricultural crops are destroyed or seriously damaged every year. There is …
Bird Damage Chronology And Feeding Behavior In Two Sunflower Fields, Sacramento, California, 1982, Michael L. Avery, Richard Dehaven
Bird Damage Chronology And Feeding Behavior In Two Sunflower Fields, Sacramento, California, 1982, Michael L. Avery, Richard Dehaven
Proceedings of the Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference (1984)
Bird damage was assessed weekly from soon after anthesis until harvest in two sunflower fields in the Sacramento Valley, California, during 1982. Damage chronology was similar at both sites, with damage concentrated in the second to fourth weeks after anthesis when the seeds were in the doughy stage of development. Less than 10% of the total losses caused by birds occurred during the final month before harvest. Overall bird damage was quite low (0.20 and 0.26%) in each field and in one, damage by wind was 2.4 times greater than that caused by birds. Brewer's blackbirds (Euphagus cyanocephalus) …
Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference
Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference
Proceedings of the Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference (1984)
Contents
Biological Rationale For 1080 As A Predacide, Walter E. Howard, Robert H. Schmidt
Biological Rationale For 1080 As A Predacide, Walter E. Howard, Robert H. Schmidt
Proceedings of the Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference (1984)
Compound 1080 (sodium monofluoroacetate) is a uniquely selective predacide for controlling coyotes, compared to other predacides. In addition to discussing the biological aspects of 1080, the reasons for the current emotional-political status of 1080 are also reviewed because the biological rationale concerning 1080 has been largely determined by a conspiracy orchestrated in 1972 by an individual of the Council on Environmental Quality but assisted by others from the U.S. Department of the Interior and the Environmental Protection Agency. Many of the distortions about 1080 can also be traced to environmental organizations which still use 1080 as an issue which they …
Gull Exclusion, George W.J. Laidlaw, Hans Blokpoel, Victor E.F. Solman, Margaret Mclaren
Gull Exclusion, George W.J. Laidlaw, Hans Blokpoel, Victor E.F. Solman, Margaret Mclaren
Proceedings of the Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference (1984)
This paper reports on work carried out in a variety of sites and installations that have required active gull control. The methods used are a result of observations by a variety of researchers and attest to the effectiveness of a behavioral control technique with the use of thin steel spring wire or monofilament fishing line.