Digital Commons Network^™

Clinical Significance Of Gutta Percha Variability, Alex R. Pancake

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Introduction: The production of gutta percha points as root canal therapy filling materials vary from hand processing to machine processing with a range of acceptable levels of error (tolerance). Similarly, endodontic files manufactured to complement corresponding gutta percha points exhibit specified levels of tolerance. Investigations into the consistency among manufacturers of files and gutta percha points is limited. The aim of this study is to see how variability in apical gauge and taper of gutta percha points affected the clinical performance during cone try in. The null hypothesis of this study is that there is no difference in two gutta …

Dentin-Sealer Bond Strength. A Review: An In-Vitro Comparison Between Guttaflow 2 ®, Endosequence Bc High Flow ®, Tubli-Seal ®, Sealapex ®, And Ah Plus Jet ® Sealers., Zied Diab

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Introduction: One objective of non-surgical endodontic therapy is the formation of a hermetic seal with elimination of any portal of entry of bacteria and their byproducts into the root canal space from periapical tissue. Extensive research has been conducted to determine ideal endodontic sealers. Bioceramic sealers have risen to prominence due to reported decreased shrinkage, less toxicity, and superior bond strength to root dentin compared to zinc oxide eugenol, calcium hydroxide, and resin-based sealers. GuttaFlow2®, a new sealer on the market, is composed of calcium silicate in combination with gutta-percha particles. Researchers from Coltene (Altstätten, Switzerland), the manufacturer of GuttaFlow2® …

A Comparison Of Endodontic Root-End Filling Techniques: A Micro-Computed Tomography Analysis, Leslie P. Wolford

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Introduction:

Researchers have compared the differences between hand compaction of root-end filling bioceramics with compaction of these materials by hand followed by ultrasonic activation (hand/ultrasonic compaction). Additionally, most of these researchers did not utilize Micro-Computed Tomography (Micro-CT) analysis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate total porosity volume of three different bioceramics when compacted by hand alone versus hand/ultrasonic compaction using Micro-CT Analysis.

Materials and methods:

Seventy-two human maxillary central incisors were selected for the study. All were subjected to orthograde endodontic treatment followed by root tip resection 3-mm from the apex at a 90° to the long axis …

Prevalence Of Cortical Bone Fenestration And Sinus Membrane Thickening In Association With Endodontic Infection. A Review Of Cbct Scans., David Desta

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Prevalence of Cortical Bone Fenestration and Sinus Membrane Thickening in Association with Endodontic Infection. A review of CBCT scans.

Introduction

Although a systemic disease due to the spread of endodontic infection is very rare or non-existing, the dissemination of endodontic infection into intimately associated anatomical structures such as alveolar bone and maxillary sinus are known (1-4). In this study we examined and reported the prevalence of maxillary sinus involvement and cortical bone fenestration during an endodontic infection. The study also evaluated and presented association between factors such as (type of teeth, systemic diseases, patient’s age, and gender) and radiographic presentation …

Removal Of Endodontic Fiber Posts Using Robot-Assisted Haptic Guidance: A Novel Approach, Joshua Dale

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: Fiber posts are frequently used for the restoration of endodontically treated teeth. Such posts are typically bonded to the tooth using a composite resin system. These posts often need to be removed during endodontic retreatment. While there are many techniques to remove fiber posts, most include drilling through the post itself which can be challenging and result in a perforation or excessive tooth structure being removed. Static and dynamic guided endodontic techniques have been proposed to safely remove fiber posts. Yomi (Neocis, Inc, Miami, FL) is a haptic robot guidance system has been FDA approved to assist in placing …

Comparison Of Accuracy And Efficiency Of Robotic-Assisted Haptic Guidance Versus Freehand Access Preparation In Calcified Teeth, Roshanak Momen

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: The initial step of root canal therapy consists of access preparation. Access preparation can be difficult, due to pulpal calcifications, misaligned teeth, and full coverage restorations that obscure the canal morphology. Recent trends involve static or dynamic guides to help the operator to locate the canals. Both systems have limitations. A robot with haptic guidance has been developed for implant surgeries, however, no studies have evaluated its possible use in endodontics. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the volume of tooth structure removed, and time required for access preparation in calcified anterior teeth differed between a …

The Incidence Of Root Canal Therapy Or Extraction After Orthodontic Treatment: A Ten-Year Retrospective Study, Thomas Korte

Master's Theses (2009 -)

INTRODUCTION: The impact of orthodontic treatment on anterior teeth specifically in relation to root canal therapy and extraction has not been previously described. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of root canal therapy and extraction after orthodontic treatment in the anterior permanent dentition.Methods: We analyzed insurance claims and enrollment data for individuals enrolled with Delta Dental of Wisconsin from 2008 to 2017. A total of 63,720 teeth from 5310 patients who had Delta Dental insurance at age 10 were included in the study. The Cox Regression model was used to analyze the effect of the …

Effect Of Endodontic Sealers On Dentin Strength, Philip Chang

Master's Theses

Introduction: The ideal endodontic sealer should be biocompatible, dimensionally stable, and have proper bond strength to dentin. The aim of this study was to apply a hoop stress to sectioned teeth discs which have been obturated with AH Plus sealer with no gutta percha, EndoSequence Bioceramic Sealer (BC Sealer) with no gutta percha, and Tetranite® with no gutta percha until fracture occurred and then compared the failure stresses.

Methods: Teeth were divided into three groups based on the sealer type used. The teeth were sectioned into 2 mm thick discs and load was applied using a piston until …

Influence Of Progressive Vs. Minimal Canal Preparations On The Fracture Resistance Of Mandibular Molars: A Finite Element Analysis, Michael Smoljan

Master's Theses (2009 -)

INTRODUCTION: Several file systems have been recently introduced with the objective of preserving coronal dentin. There is limited research comparing the role of canal shaping on preservation of pericervical dentin and its role in fracture resistance. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of minimal canal taper on residual tooth strength and stress distribution after root canal treatment. Methods: Two pre-accessed mandibular molar TruTeeth (Acadental Endo 3DP, Lenexa, KS) were subject to simulated endodontic treatment in this study. One tooth was instrumented with ProTaper Gold (Dentsply, Tulsa, OK) to F2 (25/0.08v progressive taper) in the mesial canals …

Impact Of Delayed Completion Of Previously Initiated Therapy And Provider Type On Outcomes Of Root Canal Treatment, Igor Sulim

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Objective:if the provider type influences long-term outcomes in instances where NSRCT has been previously initiated. The primary purpose of this study was to determine if the period of time between previously initiated therapy and the completion of non-surgical root canal treatment (NSRCT) influences long-term outcomes. The secondary purpose of this study was to determineMaterials/Methods: Enrollment and claims data from Delta Dental of Wisconsin from2002-2014 was analyzed. Teeth that received NSRCT within 6 months after completionof pulpal debridement or pulpotomy procedures (identified by Codes of DentalProcedures and Nomenclature) and within a continuous insurance coverage period were …

Fracture Resistance Of Simulated External Cervical Resorption In Anterior Teeth Restored With And Without A Fiber Post., Michelle M. Romeo

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Introduction: External cervical resorption (ECR) is a destructive type of external resorption that can be difficult to treat. ECR usually begins subgingival at the cementoenamel junction of teeth and continues apically and circumferentially. This substantial loss of tooth structure may make these teeth more prone to fracture and should be addressed when treatment planning teeth with ECR. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of treated and non-treated teeth with simulated ECR using two different treatment modalities.

Materials and Methods: Forty-eight extracted human permanent mandibular central incisors were selected. Teeth were randomly divided into …

Removal Of Endodontic Fiber Posts Using Dynamic Guidance: A Novel Approach, Scott Joseph Loomis

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: Retreatment of root canals often involves removal of obstructions. Commonplace are fiber posts that have been placed that require drilling of the post to gain access to the root canal system. Guided endodontic procedures, and more specifically Dynamic Guidance is an emerging field in dentistry. Objective: To determine whether dynamic navigation instrumentation is more accurate and more efficient at bonded fiber post removal than free-hand removal. Materials and Methods: Thirty maxillary incisors were treated endodontically using the ProTaper Gold system and obturated with warm vertical compaction. Post space was prepared and size 2 fiber posts were bonded into the …

The Pattern Of Odontogenic Referred Pain, James J. Poulos

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Background: Referred odontogenic pain (RP) is a phenomenon that is seen regularly in dentistry and it is not extensively understood. It can make formulating a proper diagnosis difficult and its presence can lead to inappropriate treatment.

Methods: 250 patients experiencing odontogenic pain within the dental clinics of West Virginia University were surveyed. The survey inquired about the patient’s biographical information, medical history, characteristics of the pain, the presence and location of RP, and the psychosocial effects of the pain. Additionally, the endodontic diagnosis of the offending tooth was determined by a member of the endodontic department. The collected …

Proportion Of Mb2 Canals Identified At Different Depths Of Excavation In Extracted Teeth And Comparison With Cbct Prediction, Anshul Mainkar

Master's Theses

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the depth of troughing needed to locate the mesiobuccal 2 canals in maxillary molars. Troughing the pulp chamber floor can locate hidden or calcified mesio-lingual canals. Materials and Methods: This study utilized 29 extracted maxillary first and second molars with mesiobuccal 2 canals confirmed by sectioning the mesiobuccal root in cross-section 5 mm coronal to the apex. A standard access cavity was prepared and mesiobuccal, distobuccal, and palatal canals were located. A groove was troughed palatal to the mesiobuccal orifice and slightly mesial to the line connecting mesiobuccal and palatal canal …

The Design And Physical Properties Of An Optimized Chitosan Hydrogel For Potential Use In Endodontics, Hunter Housley

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Introduction: The aim of this study was to synthesize an optimized chitosan/carbon dot hydrogel and measure its effects on the proliferation of dental pulp stem cells. Methods: 1.5% w/v chitosan hydrogel samples were fabricated with 300 mg/ml aqueous β-glycerol phosphate (β-GP) to create an optimized chitosan with a gelation onset temperature below 37°C. Spermidine-functionalized carbon dots (CDs) were added to test groups in concentrations of 25 µg/ml and 50 µg/ml. Complex shear viscosity of the prepared hydrogel samples was evaluated with a Kinexus pro+ shear rheometer (Malvern Panalytical). Samples were evaluated for cellular proliferation with dental pulp stem cells at …

Endodontic Residents: Factors Influencing The Decision To Become A Dental Educator, Lauren E. Kuhn

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Significance and Introduction: Dental schools in the United States are faced with a shortage of faculty. Endodontic residencies and pre-doctoral clinics are not immune to the faculty scarcity. The purpose of this study was to assess factors that influence endodontic residents’ decisions on whether to pursue a career as a dental educator. This information may be used to inform future recruitment and retention efforts for endodontic faculty. Materials and Methods: All United States American Association of Endodontists (AAE) members designated as “resident members” (525) were sent an electronic survey. The survey included demographic data, and factors impacting their career decisions. …

Accuracy Of Dynamic Guidance System In Endodontic Access Of Anterior Teeth - Ex Vivo Analysis, Kyan Salechi

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Aim: To measure the accuracy, we will be evaluating the position deviations and angular deviations of endodontic access preparations compared with the digital file plan for the guided access. Material and Methods: 24 extracted human anterior teeth (4 maxillary canines, 4 mandibular canines, 8 mandibular incisors, and 8 maxillary incisors) were mounted into acrylic resin to mimic the position in the human jaw. Pre-op CBCT images of the models were acquired and imported into the X-Nav system software. Virtual endodontic files were custom created in the software by adjusting the diameter of the “implant” to 0.5 mm, with lengths ranging …

Assessment Of Fracture Resistance Of Maxillary First Molars After Root Canal Preparation Using Three Different Rotary Instruments (V-Taper, Protaper, Vortex Blue): Finite Element Analysis, Mehran Malakpour

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Introduction: Long term success of endodontically treated teeth has been one of the most challenging aspects of the field of endodontics due to reduced fracture resistance of these teeth. Recently, researchers have heightened focus on conservative endodontics in order to sustain the tooth integrity, and reduce factors impacting the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. As a result, rotary instrument manufacturers have developed files that have a minimal effect on original root canal anatomy. This study used Finite Element Analysis to investigate the dental biomechanical effect of rotary instrumentation during root canal therapy. The aim of this study is to …

Comparison Of The Effect Of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate And Bioceramics Root Repair Material On Odontoblast Differentiation In Vitro, Saleh Ashkanani

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

Development And Verification Of Desktop Printed 3-Dimensional Guides For Angulation And Depth Controlled Conservative Endodontic Access, Bryce Ryszard Szczepanik

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: Recent studies have shown that conservative endodontic cavities (CECs) have a higher mean load at fracture in molars and premolars compared to traditional access cavities, however, performing these CECs can be challenging for the practitioner. Microguided endodontic access is a reliable means of preserving dentin while gaining access to the pulp chamber. The aim of this study was to 1. Develop a protocol for designing angulation and depth controlled physical guides to perform endodontic access, and 2. To compare its ability to provide straight line access against a decoronated tooth, measuring angle of deflection of inserted files. Materials and …

Survey Of Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic Use Among General Dentists, Katherine Marie Mckitrick

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: The use of CBCT in endodontics has been gaining momentum with the awareness of its advantages over conventional periapical radiographs. Many specialty endodontic practices have incorporated the use of this technology into their practices and use it on a routine basis for endodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Other dental specialties and general dentists are also recognizing the advantages of this technology and adopting it into their practices. The purpose of this study was to determine general dentist’s use and knowledge of CBCT and if a CBCT machine in an endodontist’s office affects their referral pattern. Materials & Methods: An …

Antibacterial Activity Of Current Endodontic Repair Materials Against Enterococcus Faecalis., Michael A. Tran

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Introduction: Root canal perforations caused by pathologic or iatrogenic means have been shown to cause serious complications leading to overall tooth loss. Bacterial infection of the affected site results in failure of the root canal as well as an inflammatory response leading to the destruction of supporting tissues. Although a multitude of endodontic repair materials have been tested over the past several decades, recent introduction of bioceramic materials have shown favorable outcomes to repairs. Bioceramics not only exhibit excellent biocompatibility, but also may possess antibacterial properties due to their strong alkaline pH. The aim of this in vitro study was …

The Effect Of Instrumentation Taper On Dentin Conservation, Megan E. Green

Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: The aim of this in vitro study was two part. The first being to assess and compare the amount of dentin removed by an instrument with a taper of 0.04 versus an instrument with a taper of 0.06 using the Edge Evolve® file system at different increments within the canal system. Secondly, this study evaluated whether instrumentation with either taper resulted in a remaining dentin thickness (RDT) of less than 0.3mm. If this RDT was imposed upon, fracture resistance was compromised. Both pre and post instrumentation measurements were taken of samples instrumented with the 0.04 and 0.06 tapered files. …

The Effect Of Novel Antibiotic Compounds On Endodontic Biofilms, Steven Rhodes

All ETDs from UAB

Purpose: To investigate the effects of three novel experimental antibiotics on monospecies (Enterococcus faecalis) and polymicrobial (mixed) endodontic biofilms. Materials and Methods: Biofilms containing pure Enterococcus faecalis, as well as biofilms derived from mixed bacterial samples aspirated from inside the pulp spaces of necrotic human teeth, were grown onto slices of human dental in vitro. Biofilm formation capability was verified with SEM. The treatment groups consisted of 3 novel experimental antibiotics. 8.25% sodium hypochlorite and sterile saline were used as the controls. The biofilms were investigated with live/dead fluorochrome staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results: The full strength sodium …

Copper Iodide Augmented Gutta-Percha Significantly Limits The Growth Of Enteroccocus Faecalis, Monica Rancourt Estes

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: The primary goals of endodontic therapy are the elimination of microorganisms in the root canal system, resolution of pulpal and periradicular disease, and retention of a functional tooth. Chemo-mechanical debridement is the foundation of · bacterial reduction in current endodontic protocol. Biomedical research has revealed that metallic nanoparticles have shown great promise in killing bacteria. This in vitro study aimed to investigate the potential effect of copper iodide (Cul) on Enterococcus faecalis when nanoparticles are impregnated in gutta-percha obturation materials. Materials and Methods: Cul nanoparticles were incorporated into gutta-percha via thermoplastic deformation and ultrasonic processing achieving final concentrations of …

Evaluation Of Volumetric Change Of Periapical Lesions After Apicoectomy As A Measure Of Postsurgical Healing Utilizing Cone Beam Computed Tomography, Eshwar Arasu

Theses and Dissertations

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether volumetric changes in persistent periapical lesions can be detected in follow-ups six months to five years after apicoectomy using cone-beam computed tomography. Patients with a previous treatment history of apicoectomy and for whom a pre-surgical CBCT scan was taken between November 2010 and December 2015 were invited to participate in the study. A post-surgical CBCT image of the treated tooth was obtained at the recall visit. Volumetric and linear measurements of periapical lesions on initial and postoperative CBCT images were performed using DiThreshGUI software and two calibrated examiners—a board-certified endodontist and …

A Comparative Study Of Intraradicular Enterococcus Faecalis Biofilm Removal With Three Root Canal Treatment Systems: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Evaluation, Cyrous Ardalan

Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this study was to evaluate the biofilm removal efficacy of three root canal treatment systems: ProUltra® PiezoFlow™, traditional needle irrigation, and the GentleWave® system in an ex-vivo benchtop study. Twenty-four extracted maxillary and mandibular molars were selected. Teeth were all instrumented to a master apical file size #25 with 4% taper. Teeth were then randomly divided into four experimental groups and two control groups. The root canals were inoculated with a culture of Enterococcus faecalis and incubated for five weeks to form a biofilm. Each group was then treated with one of the different root canal treatment …

Torsion And Bending Properties Of Edgeendo Files, Chad Hansen

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Introduction: One important step of root canal therapy is the process of cleaning and shaping each canal. This process involves using endodontic rotary files combined with chemical irrigants to remove pulpal remnants and infected dentin from the canal while eliminating pathogenic bacteria. It is essential to maintain proper canal anatomy while cleaning and shaping. The challenge for the practitioner is to select a rotary file system that will be flexible enough to maintain canal anatomy but strong enough to prevent breakage under normal use. File flexibility allows for better maintenance of canal anatomy. A file’s resistance to torsional fatigue reduces …

Comparison Of Three Different Nickel-Titanium Endodontic Rotary Systems In Shaping Simulated S-Shaped Canals, Elineida Perez

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Introduction: Preparation error may result during mechanical instrumentation because of the complex anatomy of the root canal. Thus, flexibility and resistance to fracture are ideal properties that endodontic instruments should have. The aim of the study was to compare the shaping ability of three different nickel-titanium rotary instruments in simulated S-shape root canals by measuring transportation and canal volume change CVC. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 S-shaped canals in resin blocks were randomly allocated into 3 groups (n=20): Vortex Blue (Dentsply-Tulsa Dental Specialties), HyFlex CM (Coltène/Whaledent) and EndoSequence (Brasseler USA). Canals were filled with dye and secured in …

Differential Scanning Calorimetric (Dsc) Study Of New And Sterilized Nickel-Titanium Rotary Endodontic Instruments, Michael Dyriw

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Introduction: Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) files have become popular in endodontic procedures compared to traditional stainless steel hand files owing to their increased flexibility which is especially advantageous in curved canals. Due to the associated costs, endodontic instruments are frequently re-used, which requires sterilization between uses. With the application of temperature NiTi has the ability to undergo phase transformations, altering the properties of the instruments. The purpose of this study was to investigate phase transformations of four brands of NiTi rotary endodontic instruments in the as-received condition and after multiple sterilization cycles under steam sterilization, using differential scanning calorimetry. Materials and Methods: …