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Articles 1 - 19 of 19
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Hostile Attributional Bias In Aggression And Anxiety: The Role Of Perceived Provocateur Motivation, Melissa M. Kunimatsu
Hostile Attributional Bias In Aggression And Anxiety: The Role Of Perceived Provocateur Motivation, Melissa M. Kunimatsu
University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations
Although internalizing and externalizing problems are often considered in isolation from one another, the frequently co-occur in individuals leading to unique behavior profiles. The current study examined the associations between the forms, functions, and subtypes of aggression, anxiety, hostile attributional bias (HAB), and perceived (proactive or reactive) provocateur motivation in a sample of youth (mean age = 13.84 years, 51% male, 37.5% Caucasian). Results indicated that only reactive relational aggression significantly predicted anxiety, while relational and reactive aggression did not. HAB was not significantly associated with either anxiety or any type of aggression. Perceived proactive provocateur motivation was significantly associated …
The Association Between Hostile Attribution Bias, Social Intelligence, And Relational Aggression In Detained Boys, Gregory M. Fassnacht
The Association Between Hostile Attribution Bias, Social Intelligence, And Relational Aggression In Detained Boys, Gregory M. Fassnacht
University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations
Research on factors that contribute to the forms and functions of aggression (reactive, proactive, relational, and overt) is important for informing intervention efforts with aggressive youth. Previous research shows that aggressive youth often have cognitive and social deficits associated with their aggressive behavior. For example, aggressive youth may exhibit deficits in social variables such as social intelligence (i.e., the understanding of behaviors of people and ability to predict outcomes of situations). Hypothetically, this lack of social intelligence may be related to how youth interpret social situations, and could conceivably lead to hostile attributional bias, or the tendency to interpret ambiguous …
Family Processes As Moderators Of The Impact Of Peer, School, And Neighborhood Influences On Adolescent Aggression, Alison Kramer-Kuhn
Family Processes As Moderators Of The Impact Of Peer, School, And Neighborhood Influences On Adolescent Aggression, Alison Kramer-Kuhn
Theses and Dissertations
Despite theoretical support for the role of the family in providing a foundation to protect youth against risks for aggression, there is little published literature examining a protective influence. This study examined family functioning and perceived parental messages about fighting and nonviolence as moderators of the relation between risk factors and adolescent aggression. The specific risk factors included affiliating with a delinquent group of peers, attending a school with norms that support aggression, and witnessing violence within the community. Secondary analyses were conducted on data collected from a high-risk sample of 537 adolescents in 2 cohorts from 18 schools. Adolescents …
Exploring What Factors Influence African American Adolescent Females To Act Violently Towards Each Other, Davina S. Callahan
Exploring What Factors Influence African American Adolescent Females To Act Violently Towards Each Other, Davina S. Callahan
Theses, Dissertations, and Projects
The purpose of this study is to explore the influential factors of African American adolescent and college-aged (13-20) females who engage in violent and aggressive behavior. The experience of these participants was elicited through self-developed, semi-structured interviews composed of questions that explored several possible contributing factors. Interviews were conducted with 12 females who self-identified as African American. The study explored themes of family dynamics, community violence exposure, identification with negative stereotypes and challenges with education and victimization. Major findings were that family dynamics and peer relationships were identified as major influential factors of the participant's engagement in violent behavior. While …
The Impact Of Alcohol And Perceived Threats On Aggression Toward Sexual Minorities, Wilson Vincent
The Impact Of Alcohol And Perceived Threats On Aggression Toward Sexual Minorities, Wilson Vincent
Psychology Dissertations
The study aimed to fill critical gaps in the literature on aggression toward sexual minorities (1) by examining a specifically prejudice-based model, intergroup threat theory (ITT), to explain aggression toward sexual minorities, and (2) by determining the extent to which alcohol facilitates prejudice-based mechanisms of aggression toward sexual minorities. Participants comprised a final sample of 161 heterosexual, undergraduate men of ages ranging from 18 to 30. Participants completed measures of perceived threat based on the ITT model (i.e., realistic threat, symbolic threat), antecedents to these threats (i.e., AIDS-related stigma, religiosity, adherence to traditional male gender role norm of antifemininity), and …
Pathways To Aggressive Behavior: Antisocial And Borderline Personality Symptoms And The Mechanisms Of Impulsivity, Negative Affect, And Distress Tolerance, Katherine Lee Bracken-Minor
Pathways To Aggressive Behavior: Antisocial And Borderline Personality Symptoms And The Mechanisms Of Impulsivity, Negative Affect, And Distress Tolerance, Katherine Lee Bracken-Minor
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Aggressive behaviors, including physical aggression toward others and non-suicidal self-injury, are high-risk behaviors that are prevalent in the college student population. Personality disorder symptoms, particularly those of antisocial personality disorder and borderline personality disorder, are associated with these aggressive behaviors. Some researchers have posited that ASPD and BPD are “mirror-image disorders” that have similar underlying traits but differing behavioral manifestations of those characteristics, namely differing in terms of the object of their aggression. The present study investigated these issues by examining the pathways from ASPD and BPD to aggressive behaviors via the mechanisms of impulsivity, negative affect, and distress tolerance …
A Sociological And Statistical Analysis Of Fraternity Men's Attitudes On Rape And Sexual Assault, Cierra Ensign
A Sociological And Statistical Analysis Of Fraternity Men's Attitudes On Rape And Sexual Assault, Cierra Ensign
Social Sciences
Hostility, aggression, and empathy levels of 488 fraternity men were measured using portions of the Burt Rape Myth Acceptance Scale, Malamuth’s Behavioral Intent to Rape Question, Hostility Toward Women Scale, and Survey Measure of Emotional Empathy. Thirteen out of the fifteen Interfraternity Council (IFC) chapters at a west coast public university campus volunteered to participate in the study. The survey consisted of thirty-five questions aimed at finding a correlation between the respondents housing location, year in school, position of office in his fraternity, and number of siblings and hostility, aggression, and empathy. Although no significant findings relating hostility, aggression, and …
How Your Past Can Influence Your Perceptions Of Sports Aggression, Christopher Sullivan
How Your Past Can Influence Your Perceptions Of Sports Aggression, Christopher Sullivan
Honors Theses
Sports violence has received increased attention in the media recently and more individuals are becoming aware of dangerous behaviors in sports. This study was designed to look at the effects of personal variables and past participation in sport in how they affect an individual’s perception of aggressive sports acts. The perception aggression is important to understanding why sports aggression is more accepted in different groups of people. This utilized Union College students, who took a version of the Sport Behavior Inventory in an online survey. Through the use of different indices of data, a test of means and a multi-variable …
Effectiveness Of Individualizing Interventions Informed By The Hierarchic Dementia Scale (Hds), Used By Nursing Staff, To Reduce Aggressive Behaviors In An Individual With Alzheimer’S Disease, Nicki E. Relan
Honors Theses
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, representing 60 percent of all cases, and is described as a chronic, progressive, degenerative cognitive disorder. With loss of independence due to cognitive impairment, AD patients become more confused and anxious, which leads to a higher incidence of aggression towards nursing staff. It is paramount that the nursing community seeks new evidence-based healthcare innovations to reduce aggression and to protect caregivers. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of individualizing interventions informed by the Hierarchic Dementia Scale (HDS) to reduce aggressive behaviors in people with Alzheimer’s disease. …
Interrelationships Between Testosterone, Aggression, And Parental Care Of A Temperate-Zone, Resident Songbird, The Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis Cardinalis), Margaret Susan Devries
Interrelationships Between Testosterone, Aggression, And Parental Care Of A Temperate-Zone, Resident Songbird, The Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis Cardinalis), Margaret Susan Devries
Dissertations
Interrelationships among testosterone (T), aggression, and parental care have received much investigative attention. Within birds, many studies have focused on examining such relationships using species characterized by relatively brief periods of territoriality and breeding. Few have investigated links between circulating T and reproductive behavior in birds that are year-round territorial residents and have lengthy breeding seasons, such as the Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis). The following six chapters report and discuss findings from this dissertation’s examination of aspects of T production and potential interconnections with circulating T, aggression, and parental care in male and female cardinals. This work suggests …
Children's Understanding And Experience Of Anger Within Their Peer Groups, Nicole J. Hamel
Children's Understanding And Experience Of Anger Within Their Peer Groups, Nicole J. Hamel
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The purpose of this study was to describe how children understand, experience and express their anger with others in their peer group, from their perspectives. Semi-structured focus groups were conducted with third grade students in an elementary school. Children were asked three questions: 1) What did you learn about dealing with anger this week? 2) What are some good/positive things that happened between you and your classmates this week? 3) What are some not so good or negative things that happened between you and your classmates this week? Six themes emerged from analysis of the transcripts of the semi-structured focus …
Form And Functionality Of Playful Aggression In Young Adults, Catlin H. Dennis
Form And Functionality Of Playful Aggression In Young Adults, Catlin H. Dennis
Scripps Senior Theses
Ethological and developmental studies have demonstrated the presence and importance of playful aggression for primates and children; additional studies suggest that playful aggression is also present in adulthood but is adapted and incorporated into relationships in different ways than it previously was in childhood. Little is known about young adults’ perceptions of playful aggression in romantic relationships, especially among same-sex couples. This study investigated perceptions of aggression when the sexual orientation of the couple, the severity of aggression, and the response of the recipient, who was receiving the aggression, were manipulated in a series of scenarios. Young adults, ages 18 …
Cognitive And Affective Empathy As Predictors Of Proactive And Reactive Aggression, Gina Marie Gordon
Cognitive And Affective Empathy As Predictors Of Proactive And Reactive Aggression, Gina Marie Gordon
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study examined cognitive and affective empathy as predictors of proactive and reactive aggression. This study also explored whether levels of cognitive and affective empathy differed among children who use proactive and reactive aggression. Cognitive and affective empathy were measured by the Basic Empathy Scale (Jolliffe & Farrington, 2006a). The two types of aggression, proactive and reactive, were measured by the Reactive and Proactive Aggression Questionnaire-Child (Raine, 2006). Both instruments are self-report questionnaires that reveal children's perceptions about empathy and aggression. Sociodemographic information, such as age, grade, and gender were also included in the data. The sample of convenience in …
Attitudes Towards The Use Of Violence And Partner Directed Aggression, Joel G. Sprunger
Attitudes Towards The Use Of Violence And Partner Directed Aggression, Joel G. Sprunger
Open Access Theses
The present prospective study examined implicit and explicit attitudes toward the use of violence and their capacity to predict past and future partner-directed aggression in a nonclinical sample. Implicit violence attitudes were measured using a modified version of the Implicit Association Test. A battery of commonly-utilized explicit self-report measures indexed explicit attitudes toward intimate partner violence (IPV). Measurement of violence attitudes occurred prior to engaging in the Articulated Thoughts in Simulated Situations behavioral aggression paradigm. Participants (N = 81) were randomly assigned to conditions of imagined provocative (n = 48) or non-provocative (n = 33) relationship scenarios and given the …
Community Violence Exposure Among Underprivileged Adolescents : What Are The Buffering Effects Of Family Qualities On Negative Outcomes?, Katherine Marie Harrison
Community Violence Exposure Among Underprivileged Adolescents : What Are The Buffering Effects Of Family Qualities On Negative Outcomes?, Katherine Marie Harrison
LSU Master's Theses
Crime and violence are common in impoverished neighborhoods. Consequently, many youth are at risk for victimization and witnessing violent acts. Extensive research has established the presence of significant associations between violence exposure and aggression and posttraumatic stress symptoms among youth. Research has confirmed the protective role of several family characteristics against these negative outcomes despite adversity. However, the literature investigating the buffering effects of family in the relationship between community violence exposure and aggressive behavior and posttraumatic stress symptoms is limited. The current study examined the moderating effect of family factors such as household structure, social support, and parenting techniques …
Wintering White-Throated Sparrows (Zonotrichia Albicollis): Home Ranges, Aggression And Corticosterone, Marissa Ann Buschow
Wintering White-Throated Sparrows (Zonotrichia Albicollis): Home Ranges, Aggression And Corticosterone, Marissa Ann Buschow
Online Theses and Dissertations
White-throated sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis) are songbirds that spend the non-breeding season in southeastern North America, where they form philopatric territorial flocks. Flocks exhibit dominance hierarchies, with dominance rank associated with an individual's age and prior residence in the territory. Although social behaviors within flocks are well studied, few studies have described winter home ranges. I tagged white-throated sparrows (n = 12) in Madison County, Kentucky, with 0.9-g radio transmitters during the winter of 2010-2011. Locations were entered into ArcGIS and home range sizes were estimated with 50% and 95% kernel analysis for individuals with at least five locations. Mean core …
A Neurophysiological Examination Of Stress Control In Martial Artists, Jack Pemment
A Neurophysiological Examination Of Stress Control In Martial Artists, Jack Pemment
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The philosophies behind many martial arts often claim that by practicing martial arts individuals can gain better control over stress. We tested this idea by using controlled physical stressors to elicit an acute stress response from martial artists (n=15) and non-martial artists (n=18). To measure the extent of the stress response, we looked at changes in heart rate, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and galvanic skin level. These three measures explore both parasympathetic and sympathetic responses, and changes in these variables continue to be explored in studies of stress and reactive aggression. In addition to our physical stressors we also exposed individuals …
Forgiving Warriors: Does Outgroup Threat Reduce Ingroup Aggression Among Males?, David Chester
Forgiving Warriors: Does Outgroup Threat Reduce Ingroup Aggression Among Males?, David Chester
Theses and Dissertations--Psychology
In order to defend against outgroups, males and females respond to outgroup threat with different strategies. Specifically, males have been shown to respond to outgroup threat with increased ingroup solidarity and cooperation which is likely reflective of their ancestral role as warriors. What remains unknown is whether this cooperative warrior mindset among males not only increases ingroup prosociality, but also decreases ingroup aggression. Aggression against ingroup members under outgroup threat would likely disadvantage the ingroup by reducing the ingroup’s collective formidability. Further, prosocial motivations inhibit aggression. As such, I hypothesized that sex and outgroup threat would interact such that males, …
Does Botox Buffer The Negative Effects Of Social Rejection?: A Test Of The Facial Feedback Hypothesis, Vicki Sharif
Does Botox Buffer The Negative Effects Of Social Rejection?: A Test Of The Facial Feedback Hypothesis, Vicki Sharif
Theses and Dissertations--Psychology
Can a common facial cosmetic procedure buffer against the negative impact of adverse social interactions? This pilot tested the hypothesis that an injection of botulinum toxin (Botox) to the corrugator supercilii muscles used in anger, compared to a placebo injection to the same location, will reduce the impact of social rejection on mood, self-esteem, control, meaningful existence, and aggression. Freezing facial musculature was hypothesized to alter the first physical signal of negative emotional reactions, thereby reducing the impact of social rejection on distress and aggression. This was the first study using Botox to examine the effects of reduced facial feedback …