Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Articles 1 - 30 of 225

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Abundance Trends And Environmental Habitat Usage Patterns Of Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops Truncatus) In Lower Barataria And Caminada Bays, Louisiana, Cara Edina Miller Jan 2003

Abundance Trends And Environmental Habitat Usage Patterns Of Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops Truncatus) In Lower Barataria And Caminada Bays, Louisiana, Cara Edina Miller

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The paucity of research into the environmental requirements, stock membership, abundance and residency patterns of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in coastal Louisiana creates difficulty in understanding how local ecosystems and threats (such as fishery interactions, habitat degradation and pollution) affect populations. This study combined fine-scale environmental measurements and photo-identification techniques to describe patterns of habitat usage and abundance of bottlenose dolphins in lower Barataria Basin from June 1999 to May 2002. In addition I investigated the validity and limitations of using mark-recapture models to estimate abundance from cetacean photo-identification data. Bottlenose dolphins were present year-round in a wide range of …


Expert Assessments Of E-Commerce In Sub-Saharan Africa: A Theoretical Model Of Infrastructure And Culture For Doing Business Using The Internet, John Chituanya Okoli Jan 2003

Expert Assessments Of E-Commerce In Sub-Saharan Africa: A Theoretical Model Of Infrastructure And Culture For Doing Business Using The Internet, John Chituanya Okoli

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

In spite of numerous socioeconomic problems in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), there has been an increasing growth of Internet connectivity, and much business activity has arisen to take advantage of this technology. This dissertation investigates experts’ assessments of the pertinent factors affecting e-business in SSA from the dual perspective of national infrastructure and culture. I review the literature related to e-business in SSA and develop three conceptual models that identify various pertinent factors and hypothesize their interrelationships in determining e-business outcomes. The first model includes all the factors I identify; the second model examines those factors that operate at the national …


Large Eddy Simulations Of Complex Turbulent Flows, Mayank Tyagi Jan 2003

Large Eddy Simulations Of Complex Turbulent Flows, Mayank Tyagi

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

In this dissertation a solution methodology for complex turbulent flows of industrial interests is developed using a combination of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) concepts. LES is an intermediate approach to turbulence simulation in which the onus of modeling of “universal” small scales is appropriately transferred to the resolution of “problem-dependent” large scales or eddies. IBM combines the efficiency inherent in using a fixed Cartesian grid to compute the fluid motion, along with the ease of tracking the immersed boundary at a set of moving Lagrangian points. Numerical code developed for this dissertation solves unsteady, filtered …


The Effect Of Scaffolding Movement Challenges On Students' Task-Related Thoughts And Performance, Paul Bernard Rukavina Jan 2003

The Effect Of Scaffolding Movement Challenges On Students' Task-Related Thoughts And Performance, Paul Bernard Rukavina

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of teaching approaches on thoughts and practice behaviors of students, and how those thoughts and behaviors affect transfer of learning. First, a self-report instrument for assessment of cognitive processes that meditate motor skill outcomes was validated. The cognitive processes included prior knowledge usage, self-efficacy, critical thinking and attention-concentration. University students who had taken a physical activity class (N=409) completed the questionnaires. Three out of the initial four subscales were confirmed as fitting the data. In a university golf activity class, students were assigned into three groups for instruction to learn …


Quantitative Inheritance Of Calpastatin Activity As An Assessment Measure For Meat Tenderness In Brahman Steers, Fuad Mohammad Tawfiq Odeh Jan 2003

Quantitative Inheritance Of Calpastatin Activity As An Assessment Measure For Meat Tenderness In Brahman Steers, Fuad Mohammad Tawfiq Odeh

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Calpastatin activity at 24 h postmortem is inversely proportional to postmortem tenderization and accounts for a greater proportion of the variation in beef tenderness. Tenderness was determined by measurement of 24 h postmortem longissimus muscle calpastatin activity (CA) and Warner-Bratzler shear force after 7 and 14 d of steak aging. The quantitative inheritance of tenderness in Brahman steers was investigated phenotypically by Multiple Trait Derivative-Free Restricted Maximum Likelihood (MTDFREML) procedures and genotypically by using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP), a microsatellite marker, and DNA sequence analyses. In experiment 1, MTDFREML was used to obtain the genetic parameters of tenderness traits …


Splitter Theorems For 3- And 4-Regular Graphs, Jinko Kanno Jan 2003

Splitter Theorems For 3- And 4-Regular Graphs, Jinko Kanno

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Let g be a class of graphs and ≤ be a graph containment relation. A splitter theorem for g under ≤ is a result that claims the existence of a set O of graph operations such that if G and H are in g and HG with GH, then there is a decreasing sequence of graphs from G to H, say G=G0≥G1≥G2...Gt=H, all intermediate graphs are in g, and each Gi can be obtained from Gi-1 by applying a single …


Parallel Molecular Dynamics Simulations Of Dynamics Of Oxidation And Reactive Wetting In Metal/Ceramic Systems, Gurcan Aral Jan 2003

Parallel Molecular Dynamics Simulations Of Dynamics Of Oxidation And Reactive Wetting In Metal/Ceramic Systems, Gurcan Aral

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Oxidation of a flat aluminum (111) surface and the reactive wetting of the aluminum (Al) droplet on a flat alumina (α-Al2O3) surface are investigated by using parallel molecular-dynamics simulations with dynamic charge transfer among atoms on a microscopic length scale. The interatomic potential, based on the formalism of Streitz and Mintmire, allows atoms to vary their charges dynamically between anions and cations, when atoms move and their local environment is altered. We investigate the oxidation thickness as a function of time and the oxygen density which is 10-40 times that of the normal state (1 atm …


Millennial-Scale Variations And Centennial-Scale Events In The Southwest Asian Monsoon: Pollen Evidence From Tibet, Caiming Shen Jan 2003

Millennial-Scale Variations And Centennial-Scale Events In The Southwest Asian Monsoon: Pollen Evidence From Tibet, Caiming Shen

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Using quantitative reconstructions of vegetation and climate based on 234 surface samples and four fossil pollen records, a systematic study of millennial-scale variations and centennial-scale events in the Southwest monsoon over the last 14 000 years in the Tibetan Plateau was conducted. The SW monsoon stayed weak between 14 000 and 11 000 cal. yr BP. A marked drop in July temperature during 12 800 –11 500 cal. yr BP may indicate the occurrence of the Younger Dryas cold event. The SW monsoon started to intensify at 11 000 cal. yr BP. However, it did not increase monotonically, but abruptly …


Optimization And Automation Of A Thermal Oyster Shucking Process, Daniel Edgar Martin Jan 2003

Optimization And Automation Of A Thermal Oyster Shucking Process, Daniel Edgar Martin

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Louisiana Gulf Coast oysters (Crassostrea virginica) were subjected to thermal shucking treatments to effect adductor muscle release from both left and right valves. The oysters were instrumented with thermocouples to monitor and record process temperatures in the oysters and on the shell. Following treatment, the oysters were evaluated for relaxation and release of the adductor muscle, meat quality and texture, and for the effect of the treatments on the storage life of the oysters as measured by total microbial plate counts. The treatments of many oysters resulted in a complete release of the adductor muscle from the shell while maintaining …


Machine Learning Techniques For Efficient Query Processing In Kowledge Base Systems, Kevin Paul Grant Jan 2003

Machine Learning Techniques For Efficient Query Processing In Kowledge Base Systems, Kevin Paul Grant

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

In this dissertation we propose a new technique for efficient query processing in knowledge base systems. Query processing in knowledge base systems poses strong computational challenges because of the presence of combinatorial explosion. This arises because at any point during query processing there may be too many subqueries available for further exploration. Overcoming this difficulty requires effective mechanisms for choosing from among these subqueries good subqueries for further processing. Inspired by existing works on stochastic logic programs, compositional modeling and probabilistic heuristic estimates we create a new, nondeterministic method to accomplish the task of subquery selection for query processing. Specifically, …


The Perceptions Of Effects Of A Study Skills Course, "Dynamics Of Effective Study," On The Academic Achievement Of African American Students At A Dedicated Academic Magnet High School, Josephine Ann Allen Jan 2003

The Perceptions Of Effects Of A Study Skills Course, "Dynamics Of Effective Study," On The Academic Achievement Of African American Students At A Dedicated Academic Magnet High School, Josephine Ann Allen

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of students, teachers, and administrators on the effectiveness of a study skills course, "Dynamics of Effective Study," on the academic achievement of African American students at a dedicated academic magnet high school. Qualitative research methods were utilized in this study. Fifteen African American students who completed the study skills course, fifteen African American students who did not take or complete the study skills course, five former study skills teachers, and three administrators from the dedicated academic magnet high school volunteered to participate in the study. Open-ended interviews were conducted with …


Radical Dialectics In The Experimental Poetry Of Berssenbrugge, Hejinian, Harryman, Weiner, And Scalapino, Camille Martin Jan 2003

Radical Dialectics In The Experimental Poetry Of Berssenbrugge, Hejinian, Harryman, Weiner, And Scalapino, Camille Martin

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

In this dissertation, I focus on the work of five contemporary experimental poets - Mei-mei Berssenbrugge, Lyn Hejinian, Carla Harryman, Hannah Weiner, and Leslie Scalapino - in order to demonstrate various aspects of a philosophical dynamic at work in their poetry. The critical debates surrounding experimental poetry often tend to be structured as a dualistic opposition with, for example, the forces of coherence, narrative linearity, and transparent referentiality on one side, and the forces of semantic disruption, narrative discontinuity, and linguistic materiality on the other. On each side, critics attempt to bolster the essential value of one term or set …


Population Structure And Genetics Of Longevity In A Colony Of Dog Guides, John B. Cole Jan 2003

Population Structure And Genetics Of Longevity In A Colony Of Dog Guides, John B. Cole

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The objectives of this study were the description of changes in genetic diversity in a colony of dog guides since its founding, and the investigation of the genetics of longevity in that population. Two breeds of dog, German Shepherds (GS) and Labrador Retrievers (LR), were evaluated. There were rapid increases in average pairwise relationship in both breeds, although the average was approximately one-third higher in the GS population than in the LR population. A similar trend was observed for average inbreeding. In the current generation, relationship and inbreeding for all animals averaged 25.3% and 26.2% in GS and 15.5% and …


Reticent Romans: Silence And Writing In La Vie De Saint Alexis, Le Conte Du Graal, And Le Roman De Silence, Evan J. Bibbee Jan 2003

Reticent Romans: Silence And Writing In La Vie De Saint Alexis, Le Conte Du Graal, And Le Roman De Silence, Evan J. Bibbee

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Apart from discourse and yet somehow part of it, silence is a powerfully ambiguous linguistic phenomenon that blurs the lines between presence and absence. Eluding the material aspects of oral and written language, it is only perceptible as the gaps or spaces between words. Nonetheless, it plays a role in all linguistic productions: although silence itself cannot be directly communicated, it can influence communication. In a literary text, silence may takes on many different guises, including rhythmic hesitations, rhetorical omissions, and poetic oppositions that mimic the audible gaps of spoken language. The visual, aural, and fictional interaction of all these …


The History Of Russian Vaudeville From 1800 To 1850, Alexander V. Tselebrovski Jan 2003

The History Of Russian Vaudeville From 1800 To 1850, Alexander V. Tselebrovski

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

 There is no significant scholarly work on the history of the Russian vaudeville. The author of the dissertation makes an attempt to explore the history of vaudeville in Russia from 1812, when the first original vaudeville was written by A. Shakhovskoi, to the 1850s, when vaudeville as a genre was finalized as a form and brought to its classic completion. Two phases of the history of vaudeville in Russia, aristocratic and democratic-raznochinnyi, are considered in close connection with the political, social, and cultural events of Russian society of the time. The first phase embraces the period from 1812, when …


Translating "Hebrew" Into "Greek": The Discursive Hermeneutics Of Emmanuel Levinas's Talmudic Readings, Matthew Wayne Guy Jan 2003

Translating "Hebrew" Into "Greek": The Discursive Hermeneutics Of Emmanuel Levinas's Talmudic Readings, Matthew Wayne Guy

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation examines Emmanuel Levinas’s Talmudic readings and the hermeneutics employed to translate the Talmud into modern language. Levinas claims to be translating “Hebrew” into “Greek” by rendering into a universal, philosophical language (“Greek”) the ethical structure of subjectivity (“Hebrew”) within the Talmud. Since they investigate the structure of subjectivity, extensive use of his philosophical works and the influential works of others are used to analyze his Talmudic readings. Chapter One places Levinas’s project against the background of the Talmud, Judaic tradition, and projects like Rudolf Bultmann’s New Testament readings and Thorleif Boman’s comparative study of Greek and Hebrew. A …


Agronomic And Molecular Characterization Of Louisiana Native Spartina Alterniflora Accessions, Alicia Beatriz Ryan Jan 2003

Agronomic And Molecular Characterization Of Louisiana Native Spartina Alterniflora Accessions, Alicia Beatriz Ryan

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Coastal erosion and wetland deterioration are serious and widespread problems affecting Louisiana’s coastal zone. The application of agronomic and molecular techniques for improving crop species is well documented. However, these have not been routinely applied to species of ecological and environmental value. Spartina alterniflora is used extensively for shoreline protection and tidal marsh restoration because of its aggressive spreading habit and tolerance to salinity. The progress of marsh revegetation projects is limited by the costs and labor associated with vegetative propagation of Spartina. Hence, a breeding program was initiated to develop improved smooth cordgrass accessions with superior seed producing ability …


The Invasive Tropical Shrub Clidemia Hirta (Melastomataceae) In Its Native And Introduced Ranges: Tests Of Hypotheses Of Invasion, Saara Jennie Dewalt Jan 2003

The Invasive Tropical Shrub Clidemia Hirta (Melastomataceae) In Its Native And Introduced Ranges: Tests Of Hypotheses Of Invasion, Saara Jennie Dewalt

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Exotic pest plants often grow to greater stature, become more abundant, and display increased shade tolerance in their introduced ranges than in their native ranges. These differences have been hypothesized to result from genetic shifts in biomass allocation, growth, or photosynthesis between genotypes in native and introduced ranges or from plastic, phenotypic responses to different environmental conditions, such as lower herbivore or fungal pest loads in areas of introduction. I used the tropical shrub Clidemia hirta (Melastomataceae) as a model exotic pest plant to test these two non-mutually exclusive hypotheses of invasion. Clidemia hirta invades forest understory and is more …


Self-Efficacy, Motivation, And Outcome Expectation Correlates Of College Students' Intention Certainty, Carol Couvillion Landry Jan 2003

Self-Efficacy, Motivation, And Outcome Expectation Correlates Of College Students' Intention Certainty, Carol Couvillion Landry

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This study explored relationships between Self-Efficacy, Motivation, and Outcome Expectations and Intention Certainty. Intention Certainty is a new variable created for this study and comprised of existing conceptions of intention and decision certainty. The purpose of this study was fourfold. This study attempted to expand our understanding of the college retention dropout issue by exploring relationships between psychologically rich variables. Second, this study provided information considered useful for framing future research on retention from a different perspective that focuses on characteristics of individuals who stay, rather than those who leave higher education with the consideration of psychological constructs. Further, this …


Systematics And Cophylogenetics Of Toucans And Their Associated Chewing Lice, Jason David Weckstein Jan 2003

Systematics And Cophylogenetics Of Toucans And Their Associated Chewing Lice, Jason David Weckstein

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Historically, comparisons of host and parasite phylogenies have concentrated on cospeciation. However, many of these comparisons have demonstrated that the phylogenies of hosts and parasites are seldom completely congruent, suggesting that phenomena other than cospeciation play an important role in the evolution of host-parasite assemblages. Other coevolutionary phenomena, such as host switching, parasite duplication (speciation on the host), sorting (extinction), and failure to speciate can also influence host-parasite assemblages. In this dissertation I explore several aspects of the evolutionary history of Ramphastos toucans and their ectoparasitic chewing lice using molecular phylogenetic and cophylogenetic reconstructions. First, using mitochondrial DNA sequences, I …


The Effects Of Message Direction And Sex Differences On The Interpretation Of Workplace Gossip, Kristen Marie Berkos Jan 2003

The Effects Of Message Direction And Sex Differences On The Interpretation Of Workplace Gossip, Kristen Marie Berkos

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Gossip occurs in the organization and individuals exposed to these gossip messages must decide how to interpret the gossip. This dissertation explains the definitions and research for gossip, message direction, sex differences, message interpretation, politicalism, and believability. Applying symbolic interactionism and social exchange theory, seven relationships between variables are proposed. The seven hypotheses are tested via a web-based questionnaire that manipulated the message direction and sex of the gossiper and gossip receiver. Two hundred seventy-six full time employees completed instruments measuring gossip believability, purpose, and politicalism. Data were subjected to a MANCOVA, and correlation statistics. Results supported three of the …


Hydrodynamic And Sediment Transport Modeling Of Deltaic Sediment Processes, Hassan Shahid Mashriqui Jan 2003

Hydrodynamic And Sediment Transport Modeling Of Deltaic Sediment Processes, Hassan Shahid Mashriqui

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation tests the hypothesis that the early phases of deltaic bar and distributary channel formation and sediment transport on an adverse slope could be simulated with a 2D finite element sediment transport model. The models used were RMA2 and SED2D modules of the TABS-MD model suite. A finite element mesh of the lower Atchafalaya River and the delta was developed, using the Surface Water Modeling System (SMS) software package. Calibration and validation of the model were performed, using data collected during field surveys and from available Atchafalaya River archived flow, suspended sediment, and dredging records. In a test simulation …


The Impact Of Whole-Plant Instruction Preservice Elementary Teachers' Understanding Of Plant Science Principles, Christine Collins Hypolite Jan 2003

The Impact Of Whole-Plant Instruction Preservice Elementary Teachers' Understanding Of Plant Science Principles, Christine Collins Hypolite

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this research was to determine how an inquiry-based, whole-plant instructional strategy would affect preservice elementary teachers’ understanding of plant science principles. This study probed: what preservice teachers know about plant biology concepts before and after instruction, their views of the interrelatedness of plant parts and the environment, how growing a plant affects preservice teachers’ understanding, and which types of activity-rich plant themes studies, if any, affect preservice elementary teachers’ understandings. The participants in the study were enrolled in two elementary science methods class sections at a state university. Each group was administered a preinstructional test at the …


Empirical Analysis Of Economic Growth, Winford Henderson Masanjala Jan 2003

Empirical Analysis Of Economic Growth, Winford Henderson Masanjala

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

International evidence on growth rates in per capita incomes reveals persistent differences in development patterns among nations, and shows that the world distribution of per capita income is multi-modal with several basins of attraction. This dissertation investigates the factors underlying these international variations in both the level and rate of growth of per capita incomes. The first essay examines whether nonlinearities in the aggregate production function can explain parameter heterogeneity in the Solow (1956) growth regressions. The choice of and alternative specification of the production function is justified by showing that cross-country level regressions are more consistent with the more …


Global Expression Analysis Of Deinococcus Radiodurans' Response To Ionizing Radiation: Irre Is A Novel Regulator Of This Response, Ashlee M. Earl Jan 2003

Global Expression Analysis Of Deinococcus Radiodurans' Response To Ionizing Radiation: Irre Is A Novel Regulator Of This Response, Ashlee M. Earl

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

IRS24 is a strain of Deinococcus radiodurans carrying mutations in two loci, uvrA and irrE, rendering it sensitive to the lethal effects of UV and ionizing radiation. These sensitivities can be reversed by introducing the wild type irrE allele back into IRS24 via natural transformation. The irrE allele was localized to a 970bp region of D. radiodurans R1 Chromosome I containing one putative open reading frame, DR0167, and 179bp of upstream sequence. Subsequent sequence analysis of the irrE allele in IRS24 revealed a transition mutation at codon 111 of DR0167 (IrrE) resulting in an arginine to cysteine amino acid substitution. …


Control Of Transport Dynamics In Overlay Networks, Qishi Wu Jan 2003

Control Of Transport Dynamics In Overlay Networks, Qishi Wu

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Transport control is an important factor in the performance of Internet protocols, particularly in the next generation network applications involving computational steering, interactive visualization, instrument control, and transfer of large data sets. The widely deployed Transport Control Protocol is inadequate for these tasks due to its performance drawbacks. The purpose of this dissertation is to conduct a rigorous analytical study on the design and performance of transport protocols, and systematically develop a new class of protocols to overcome the limitations of current methods. Various sources of randomness exist in network performance measurements due to the stochastic nature of network traffic. …


Treatment Of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds Using Wetland Systems, Gabriel Roderick Kassenga Jan 2003

Treatment Of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds Using Wetland Systems, Gabriel Roderick Kassenga

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Bench-scale continuous vertical flow column and microcosm studies were conducted to investigate the attenuation potential of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) in constructed wetland soil mixtures prepared from peat, compost and sand and in a pristine natural freshwater wetland soil. The study also determined geotechnical properties of potential synthetic peat mixtures for construction of treatment wetlands for CVOCs. Trichloroethene (TCE), cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-1,2-DCE) and 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) were the main test chemicals used during the studies. Based on geotechnical and sorption characteristics, two mixtures (one comprised of sand and peat and the other comprised of sand, peat and compost product) were selected …


The Contribution Of The Alpha Subunit Of The Bacillus Subtilis Rna Polymerase In The Enhancement Of Transcription By Curved Dna, Caroline Telles Jan 2003

The Contribution Of The Alpha Subunit Of The Bacillus Subtilis Rna Polymerase In The Enhancement Of Transcription By Curved Dna, Caroline Telles

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Adenine-tract mediated, intrinsic DNA curvature is found upstream of highly transcribed promoters in bacteria. In Bacillus subtilis, curved DNA immediately upstream of the core promoter stimulates promoter function. The curved DNA functions in a position-sensitive fashion indicating that it likely interacts with the RNA polymerase. There are two components of the curved DNA that mediate this interaction with RNA polymerase, the A+T rich nature of the runs of adenines spaced with the helical repeat of the DNA and the curved shape of the DNA. The alpha subunit of the RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli is known to bind to A+T …


An Examination Of Individual And Organizational Factors Related To Emotional Labor, Robin Hughes Gosserand Jan 2003

An Examination Of Individual And Organizational Factors Related To Emotional Labor, Robin Hughes Gosserand

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Managing emotions in the workplace, termed emotional labor (Hochschild, 1983), is becoming increasingly important as the economy continues to become more service-oriented. Grandey (2000) defines emotional labor as the process of regulating feelings and expressions of emotions in order to achieve organizational goals. The regulation of observable expressions of emotions is known as surface acting, and the regulation of felt emotions is called deep acting. The current study tested a model of emotional labor including factors hypothesized to be related to surface acting and deep acting. Proposed antecedents include perceived display rule demands, commitment to display rules, positive and negative …


An Empirical Investigation Of Tax Policy In G-7 Countries, Kerim Peren Arin Jan 2003

An Empirical Investigation Of Tax Policy In G-7 Countries, Kerim Peren Arin

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation consists of three essays on the effects of fiscal policy on the economic activity. The first and second chapters investigate the response of major macroeconomic variables to four different types of tax policy innovations within a VAR framework using contemporaneous restrictions and long-run restrictions, respectively. Although G-7 countries seem to react differently to tax policy innovations, we do not find any evidence for the existence of negative corporate tax multipliers (for output) or positive income tax multipliers (for output) with both identification schemes. The cross-country variation in the signs of indirect tax is considerably higher. The effects of …