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Chapter 9: Biomechanics, Nicholas Stergiou, Daniel Blanke, Sara A. Myers, Ka-Chun Siu

Journal Articles

Biomechanics is a discipline. A discipline deals with understanding, predicting, and explaining phenomena within a content domain, and biomechanics is the study of the human body in motion. By applying

principles from mechanics and engineering, biomechanists are able to study the forces that act on the body and the effects they produce (Bates, 1991). Hay (1973) describes biomechanics as the science that examines forces acting on and within a biological structure and the effects produced by such forces, whereas Alt (1967) describes biomechanics as the science that investigates the effect of internal and external forces on human and animal bodies …

Predicting The Performance Of Queues: A Data Analytic Approach, Kum Khiong Yang, Cayirli Tugba, Mei Wan Low

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Existing models of multi-server queues with system transience and non-standard assumptions are either too complex or restricted in their assumptions to be used broadly in practice. This paper proposes using data analytics, combining computer simulation to generate the data and an advanced non-linear regression technique called the Alternating Conditional Expectation (ACE) to construct a set of easy-to-use equations to predict the performance of queues with a scheduled start and end time. Our results show that the equations can accurately predict the queue performance as a function of the number of servers, mean arrival load, session length and service time variability. …

Simulating The Spread Of The Common Cold, R. Corban Harwood

Faculty Publications - Department of Mathematics

This modeling scenario guides students to simulate and investigate the spread of the common cold in a residence hall. An example floor plan is given, but the reader is encouraged to use a more relevant example. In groups, students run repeated simulations, collect data, derive a differential equation model, solve that equation, estimate parameter values by hand and through regression, visually evaluate the consistency of the model with their data, and present their results to the class.

Modular Total Absorption Spectrometer, M. Karny, K. P. Rykaczewski, A. Fijałkowska, B. C. Rasco, M. Wolińska-Cichocka, R. K. Grzywacz, K. C. Goetz, D. Miller, E. F. Zganjar

Faculty Publications

The design and performance of the Modular Total Absorption Spectrometer built and commissioned at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory is presented. The active volume of the detector is approximately one ton of NaI(Tl), which results in very high full γ energy peak efficiency of 71% at 6 MeV and nearly flat efficiency of around 81.5% for low energy γ-rays between 300 keV and 1 MeV. In addition to the high peak efficiency, the modular construction of the detector permits the use of a γ-coincidence technique in data analysis as well as β-delayed neutron observation.

Exploratory Assessment Of Roadway Infrastructure Adaptation To The Impacts Of Sea-Level Rise, Mostafa Batouli

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Transportation agencies in coastal urban areas face a significant challenge to enhance the long-term resilience of their networks to flooding and storm surge events exacerbated by sea level rise. The problem of sea-level rise adaptation is characterized by deep uncertainty that makes it complex to assess the value of adaptation investments. To enable informed adaptation decisions, the present study created a dynamic stochastic modeling framework based on the theoretical underpinnings of complex adaptive systems that integrates: (i) stochastic simulation of sea-level rise stressors based on the data obtained from downscaled climate studies pertaining to future projections of sea-level and precipitation; …

Optimizing The Telescope Assembly Alignment Simulator For Sofia, Zoe E. Sharp, Alex Quyenvo, Jennifer Briggs, Brian Eney

STAR Program Research Presentations

The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) conducts research on a modified Boeing 747sp aircraft. By using a variety of infrared science instruments mounted on a 2.7 meter telescope, researchers can make discoveries about the galactic center, star formation, and various topics associated with a deeper understanding of our universe. To efficiently collect data through the SOFIA instruments, the instruments must be tested and prepared prior to being placed on the aircraft. Therefore, with the use of the Telescope Assembly Alignment Simulator (TAAS), researchers can design and construct improvements needed for these instruments to efficiently perform while in flight. The …

Replicable Interprofessional Competency Outcomes From High-Volume, Inter-Institutional, Interprofessional Simulation, Deborah Bambini, Matthew Emery, Margaret De Voest, Lisa Meny, Michael J. Shoemaker

Peer Reviewed Articles

There are significant limitations among the few prior studies that have examined the development and implementation of interprofessional education (IPE) experiences to accommodate a high volume of students from several disciplines and from different institutions. The present study addressed these gaps by seeking to determine the extent to which a single, large, inter-institutional, and IPE simulation event improves student perceptions of the importance and relevance of IPE and simulation as a learning modality, whether there is a difference in students’ perceptions among disciplines, and whether the results are reproducible. A total of 290 medical, nursing, pharmacy, and physical therapy students …

Positive Influence Of A Dental Anaesthesia Simulation Model On The Perception Of Learning By Mexican Dental Students, C. López-Cabrera, E. J. Hernández-Rivas, Takashi Komabayashi, E. L. Galindo-Reyes, D. Tallabs-López, Bernardino Isaac Cerda-Cristerna

Dental Medicine Faculty Publications

Introduction: This study evaluated the influence of 3-repetition training with a dental anesthesia simulation model (DASM) on the perception of learning by dental students. Materials and methods: Dental students who had never used a dental anesthesia technique were randomly divided into 2 groups that were taught the anterior superior alveolar nerve infiltrative anesthesia technique. Group 1 (G1, N=10) followed a 3-stage learning method: 1^st) theoretical lecture, 2^nd) clinical demonstration, and 3^rd) DASM training, including 3 repetitions of the anesthesia technique. Group 2 (G2, N=10) followed only the 1^st and 2^nd stages. The …

Order, Disorder And Stability In Be Intermetallics For Fusion Applications, Robin Grimes, Matthew Jackson, Patrick Burr, Simon Middleburgh

Nonstoichiometric Compounds VI

Be intermetallics are a promising family of materials for the first wall and neutron multiplying applications in future nuclear fusion reactors, owing to their low atomic number, still high beryllium content but improved thermo-mechanical properties over pure beryllium. Due to the difficulties of working with Be, however, they are often poorly characterized. Thus, the crystallography, elastic and magnetic properties, thermodynamical stability, deviation from stoichiometry and order/disorder transformations of intermetallics, which are relevant to Be alloys have been investigated using computer simulation [1,2,3]. These include Be-Fe-Al ternary phases as well as a series of Be-transition metal binaries. Throughout the density functional …

Comparing Performance Of Methods To Deal With Differential Attrition In Lottery Based Evaluations, Gema Zamarro, Kaitlin Anderson, Jennifer L. Steele, Trey Miller

Education Reform Faculty and Graduate Students Publications

In randomized controlled trials, it is common for attrition rates to differ by lottery status, jeopardizing the identification of causal effects. Inverse probability weighting methods (Hirano et al, 2003; Busso et al., 2014) and estimation of informative bounds for the treatment effects (e.g. Lee, 2009; Angrist et al., 2006) have been used frequently to deal with differential attrition bias. This paper studies the performance of various methods by comparing the results using two datasets: a district-sourced dataset subject to considerable differential attrition, and an expanded state-sourced dataset with much less attrition, differential and overall. We compared the performance of different …

Managing Emergency Department Crowding Through Improved Triaging And Resource Allocation, Kum Khiong Yang, Sean Shao Wei Lam, Joyce M. W. Low, Marcus Eng Hock Ong

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Long waiting times in emergency departments (EDs) not only reduce patients’ perceived quality of care, but also increase crowding which can adversely affect patients’ outcomes. Waiting time has been found to affect patients’ outcomes and is closely associated with delays in the provision of ancillary services to ED patients by the diagnostic/treatment laboratories. The focus of this study is to improve the flow of ED patients by testing alternative triage processes and capacity of physicians, triage nurses and laboratories. Three alternative triage processes are examined for managing the flow of ED patients through shared and dedicated laboratories across different utilization …

Nursing Student Perceptions Regarding Simulation Experience Sequencing, Aimee A. Woda, Theresa Gruenke Schnable, Penny Alt-Gehrman, Jamie Hansen

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

BACKGROUND:

The use of simulated learning experiences (SLEs) have increased within nursing curricula with positive learning outcomes for nursing students. The purpose of this study is to explore nursing students' perceptions of their clinical decision making (CDM) related to the block sequencing of different patient care experiences, SLEs versus hospital-based learning experiences (HLEs).

METHOD:

A qualitative descriptive design used open-ended survey questions to generate information about the block sequencing of SLEs and its impact on nursing students' perceived CDM.

RESULTS:

Three themes emerged from the data: Preexperience Anxiety, Real-Time Decision Making, and Increased Patient Care Experiences.

CONCLUSION:

Nursing students identified …

On Some Test Statistics For Testing The Population Skewness And Kurtosis: An Empirical Study, Yawen Guo

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this thesis is to propose some test statistics for testing the skewness and kurtosis parameters of a distribution, not limited to a normal distribution. Since a theoretical comparison is not possible, a simulation study has been conducted to compare the performance of the test statistics. We have compared both parametric methods (classical method with normality assumption) and non-parametric methods (bootstrap in Bias Corrected Standard Method, Efron’s Percentile Method, Hall’s Percentile Method and Bias Corrected Percentile Method). Our simulation results for testing the skewness parameter indicate that the power of the tests differs significantly across sample sizes, the …

Experimental Investigation Of The Use Of Equivalent Sources Model In Room Acoustics Simulations, Yangfan Liu, J Stuart Bolton

Publications of the Ray W. Herrick Laboratories

As an alternative to models based on geometrical acoustics and the computationally intensive Finite Element or Boundary Element methods, the Equivalent Sources Model (ESM) has recently been modified and extended from its original application in acoustical holography to room acoustics simulations. Previous numerical simulation results have demonstrated the advantages of room acoustics ESM’s (especially when higher order sources are used as its equivalent sources) as a flexible reduced order modeling procedure in room acoustics. In the present work, an experimental investigation of the room acoustics ESM was conducted in which the sound field generated by a loudspeaker in a small …

Simulations Of The Angular Dependence Of The Dipole-Dipole Interaction Among Rydberg Atoms, Jacob L. Bigelow, Jacob T. Paul, Matan Peleg, Veronica L. Sanford, Thomas J. Carroll, Michael W. Noel

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

The dipole-dipole interaction between two Rydberg atoms depends on the relative orientation of the atoms and on the change in the magnetic quantum number. We simulate the effect of this anisotropy on the energy transport in an amorphous many atom system subject to a homogeneous applied electric field. We consider two experimentally feasible geometries and find that the effects should be measurable in current generation imaging experiments. In both geometries atoms of p character are localized to a small region of space which is immersed in a larger region that is filled with atoms of s character. Energy transfer due …

Cognitive Aid Use Improves Transition Of Care By Graduating Medical Students During A Simulated Crisis, Brooke Bauer, Annette Rebel, Amy Dilorenzo, Randall M. Schell, Jeremy S. Dority, Faith Lukens, Paul A. Sloan

Anesthesiology Faculty Publications

Background: Residents are expected to have transition of care (ToC) skills upon entering graduate medical education. It is unclear whether experience and training during medical school is adequate.

Objective: The aim of the project was to assess: 1) graduating medical students' ability to perform ToC in a crisis situation, and 2) whether using a cognitive aid improves the ToC quality.

Methods: The authors developed simulation scenarios for rapid response teams and a cognitive aid to assist in the ToC during crisis situations. Graduating medical students were enrolled and randomly divided into teams of three students, randomly assigned into one …

Optimal Disposition Decisions For A Remanufacturing System Considering Time Value Of Products, Mostafa Pazoki, Walid Abdul-Kader

Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering Publications

This paper studies disposition decisions of cores where the value of returns deteriorates over time. Mainly in disposition decisions, a remanufacturer is interested to determine how many units to remanufacture and to salvage. To address this research problem along with value deterioration of returns, a rough-cut mathematical model is developed by considering various parameters of interest such as selling price, salvage value and remanufacturing rate with the aim to maximize total profit. Due to uncertainty limitations, the model can provide decision-makers with relevant insights about disposition decisions. Simulation modeling techniques are used to validate the proposed model. Numerical examples are …

A System-Of-Systems Framework For Assessment Of Resilience In Complex Construction Projects, Jin Zhu

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Uncertainty is a major reason of low efficiency in construction projects. Traditional approaches in dealing with uncertainty in projects focus on risk identification, mitigation, and transfer. These risk-based approaches may protect projects from identified risks. However, they cannot ensure the success of projects in environments with deep uncertainty. Hence, there is a need for a paradigm shift from risk-based to resilience-based approaches. A resilience-based approach focuses on enhancing project resilience as a capability to cope with known and unknown uncertainty. The objective of this research is to fill the knowledge gap and create the theory of resilience in the context …

Fractional Transport Models For Shale Gas In Tight Porous Media, Nadeem A. Malik, Iftikhar Ali

Sixth International Conference on Porous Media and Its Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry

Modelling the flow of fluid through tight porous media, such as unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs, is very challenging and it is a growing sector and must be addressed. Shale gas is found in such tight porous rocks which are characterized by nano-scale size porous networks with ultra-low permeability [1,2].

Please download the full abstract below.

Flow Of Shale Gas In Tight Rocks Using A Non-Linear Transport Model With Pressure Dependent Model Parameters, Nadeem A. Malik, Iftikhar Ali, Bilal Chanane, Ryad A. Ghanam

Sixth International Conference on Porous Media and Its Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry

A new source of energy has recently been discovered from unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs, such as shale gas deposits. Shale gas is found in tight porous rocks which are characterised by nano-scale size porous networks with ultra-low permeability [1,2]. The modelling of transport through such tight porous media is very challenging because it is a relatively new discipline and not much is known but transport processes in them, and little data is available; but it is a growing sector and must be addressed. Here, we apply a recently developed non-linear gas transport model [3], to reservoir simulations of single-phase gas through …

Chemically Accurate Simulation Of A Polyatomic Molecule-Metal Surface Reaction, Francesco Nattino, Davide Migliorini, Geert-Jan Kroes, Eric Dombrowski, Eric A. High High, Daniel Killelea, Arthur Utz

Chemistry: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Although important to heterogeneous catalysis, the ability to accurately model reactions of polyatomic molecules with metal surfaces has not kept pace with developments in gas phase dynamics. Partnering the specific reaction parameter (SRP) approach to density functional theory with ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) extends our ability to model reactions with metals with quantitative accuracy from only the lightest reactant, H2, to essentially all molecules. This is demonstrated with AIMD calculations on CHD3 + Ni(111) in which the SRP functional is fitted to supersonic beam experiments, and validated by showing that AIMD with the resulting functional reproduces initial-state selected sticking …

Bunch Splitting Simulations For The Jleic Ion Collider Ring, R. Gamage, T. Satogata

Physics Faculty Publications

We describe the bunch splitting strategies for the proposed JLEIC ion collider ring at Jefferson Lab. This complex requires an unprecedented 9:6832 bunch splitting, performed in several stages. We outline the problem and current results, optimized with ESME including general parameterization of 1:2 bunch splitting for JLEIC parameters.

Development Of A Transition Between An Energy-Absorbing Concrete Barrier And A Rigid Concrete Buttress, Tyler Schmidt

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

From 2010 to 2015, MwRSF researchers developed the RESTORE barrier, which is a restorable MASH TL-4 median barrier with a steel and concrete rail supported by elastomer posts and steel skids. The research effort reported herein describes the initial development of a transition from the RESTORE barrier to a rigid TL-4 concrete buttress.

The previously-developed RESTORE barrier LS-DYNA model was validated against three full-scale vehicle crash tests. Several design concepts were generated through a series of brainstorming efforts. The primary transition concept consisted of a pin and loop connection between the RESTORE barrier and rigid concrete buttress, which was designed …

A Percentile-Based Power Method In Sas: Simulating Multivariate Non-Normal Continuous Distributions, Jennifer Koran, Todd C. Headrick

Publications

The conventional power method transformation is a moment-matching technique that simulates non-normal distributions with controlled measures of skew and kurtosis. The percentile-based power method is an alternative that uses the percentiles of a distribution in lieu of moments. This article presents a SAS/IML macro that implements the percentile-based power method.

Advances In Repurposing And Recycling Of Post-Vehicle-Application Lithium-Ion Batteries, Charles R. Standridge, Lindsay Corneal, Nicholas Baine

Mineta Transportation Institute

Increased electrification of vehicles has increased the use of lithium-ion batteries for energy storage, and raised the issue of what to do with post-vehicle-application batteries. Three possibilities have been identified: 1) remanufacturing for intended reuse in vehicles; 2) repurposing for non-vehicle, stationary storage applications; and 3) recycling, extracting the precious metals, chemicals and other byproducts. Advances in repurposing and recycling are presented, along with a mathematical model that forecasts the manufacturing capacity needed for remanufacturing, repurposing, and recycling. Results obtained by simulating the model show that up to a 25% reduction in the need for new batteries can be achieved …

Stability Of Norwalk Virus Capsid Protein Interfaces Evaluated By In Silico Nanoindentation, Prakhar Bansal

University Scholar Projects

Studying the mechanical properties of viral capsids can give several insights into not only the lifecycle of the virus, but also into potential drug targets to thwart the progression of viral infection. Nanoindentation using an atomic force microscope is a useful technique for determining structural properties of small molecules and particles, and is commonly used to study viral capsids. This technique utilizes the probe of the microscope to push down on the capsid and record the forces along the indentation path. We ran this experiment in silico where we simulated the nanoindentation of Norwalk virus capsids using molecular dynamics. Running …

The Role Of Mathematical Modeling In Designing And Evaluating Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs, Lester Caudill, Joanna R. Wares

Department of Math & Statistics Faculty Publications

Antimicrobial agent effectiveness continues to be threatened by the rise and spread of pathogen strains that exhibit drug resistance. This challenge is most acute in healthcare facilities where the well-established connection between resistance and sub-optimal antimicrobial use has prompted the creation of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs). Mathematical models offer tremendous potential for serving as an alternative to controlled human experimentation for assessing the effectiveness of ASPs. Models can simulate controlled randomized experiments between groups of virtual patients, some treated with the ASP measure under investigation, and some without. By removing the limitations inherent in human experimentation, including health risks, study …

Multicollinearity In Regression Analyses Conducted In Epidemiologic Studies, Kristina Vatcheva, Minjae Lee, Joseph B. Mccormick, Mohammad H. Rahbar

School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

The adverse impact of ignoring multicollinearity on findings and data interpretation in regression analysis is very well documented in the statistical literature. The failure to identify and report multicollinearity could result in misleading interpretations of the results. A review of epidemiological literature in PubMed from January 2004 to December 2013, illustrated the need for a greater attention to identifying and minimizing the effect of multicollinearity in analysis of data from epidemiologic studies. We used simulated datasets and real life data from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort to demonstrate the adverse effects of multicollinearity in the regression analysis and encourage researchers …

Simulation And Application Of Binary Logic Regression Models, Jobany J. Heredia Rico

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Logic regression (LR) is a methodology to identify logic combinations of binary predictors in the form of intersections (and), unions (or) and negations (not) that are linearly associated with an outcome variable. Logic regression uses the predictors as inputs and enables us to identify important logic combinations of independent variables using a computationally efficient tree-based stochastic search algorithm, unlike the classical regression models, which only consider pre-determined conventional interactions (the “and” rules). In the thesis, we focused on LR with a binary outcome in a logistic regression framework. Simulation studies were conducted to examine the performance of LR under the …

The Parallelization And Optimization Of The N-Body Problem Using Openmp And Openmpi, Nicholas J. Carugati

Student Publications

The focus of this research is exploring the efficient ways we can implement the NBody problem. The N-Body problem, in the field of physics, is a problem in which predicts or simulates the movements of planets and how they interact with each other gravitationally. For this research, we are viewing if the simulation can execute efficiently by delegating the heavy computational work through different cores of a CPU. The approach that is being used to figure this out is by integrating the parallelization API OpenMP and the message-passing library OpenMPI into the code. Rather than all the code executing on …