Digital Commons Network^™

Inter-Turn Fault Diagnosis In Induction Motors Using The Pendulous Oscillation Phenomenon, Behrooz Mirafzal, Richard J. Povinelli, Nabeel Demerdash

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

A robust interturn fault diagnostic approach based on the concept of magnetic field pendulous oscillation, which occurs in induction motors under faulty conditions, is introduced in this paper. This approach enables one to distinguish and classify an unbalanced voltage power supply and machine manufacturing/construction imperfections from an interturn fault. The experimental results for the two case studies of a set of 5-hp and 2-hp induction motors verify the validity of the proposed approach. Moreover, it can be concluded from the experimental results that if the circulating current level in the shorted loop increases beyond the phase current level, an interturn …

Marquette Interchange Installation Report, Marquette University, Transportation Research Center

Transportation Research Center: Marquette Interchange Instrumentation

Task three of the Perpetual Pavement Instrumentation Plan for the Marquette Interchange Project called for the installation of the various pavement sensors, data acquisition system, and various other components of the system outlined in the project proposal. The MU-TRC research team has successfully completed the installation of these various components of the system. This report fulfills the requirement of the installation report from task three in the project plan. This report is organized to describe in detail each specific component of the system. Most, but not all, of these details are written in the order they were completed.

Not every …

Distensibility Differs Between Sall Arteries And Veins In The Newborn Piglet Lung, John B. Gordon, Steven Thomas Haworth, Robert C. Molthen, Gary S. Krenz, Anne V. Clough

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

BACKGROUND: We previously used micro-CT techniques to measure pulmonary artery distensibility in 3 week old piglets. Pressure/diameter relationships were measured for each artery and the slope (a) was then plotted against its diameter intercept at 0 pressure (Do). The resultant diameter independent distensibility parameter, a, was estimated by linear regression to be 1.6% per mmHg for arteries between 0.2 and 3.0 mm Do.

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to determine whether; 1) distensibility of smaller arteries was similar to that of arteries with Do> 0.2 mm; and 2) whether small vein and artery distensibility was similar.

DESIGN/METHODS: Lower lobes were isolated …

Rapid Bridge Replacement: Processes, Techniques, And Needs For Improvements, Yong Bai, William R. Burkett

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

The terrorist attack on September 11, 2001 and subsequent potential threats to the United States transportation systems have presented an urgent need to develop emergency response plans in order to quickly react to the possible consequences of an extreme event. Highway bridges, as critical components of the nation’s transportation network, have received increased attention. To respond to the potential threats on highway bridges, a research project was conducted to identify rapid bridge replacement processes, techniques, and needs for improvements. To achieve the research objectives, the research team studied three cases of previous bridge replacements following extreme events. By studying these …

Study Of Viscoelastic Effect On The Frequency Shift Of Microcantilever Chemical Sensors (Journal Article), Uttara Sampath, Stephen M. Heinrich, Fabien Josse, Frederic Lochon, Isabelle Dufour, Dominique Rebiere

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Microcantilevers coated with a chemically sensitive layer are increasingly being used in chemical detection systems. The sensitive coating, often a polymer, absorbs specific molecules, which can be detected by monitoring the shift in the mechanical resonant frequency. Usually. the frequency shift resulting from molecular absorption is interpreted as a mass loading effect. However, mass loading is not the only effect that has an impact on the frequency shift; the viscoelastic properties of the sensitive coating also are affected by the sorption process. Sorption-induced modulus changes are typically difficult to characterize. However, it is known that the sorption of analyte molecules …

One-Class-At-A-Time Removal Sequence Planning Method For Multiclass Classification Problems, Chieh-Neng Young, Chen-Wen Yen, Yi-Hua Pao, Mark L. Nagurka

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Using dynamic programming, this work develops a one-class-at-a-time removal sequence planning method to decompose a multiclass classification problem into a series of two-class problems. Compared with previous decomposition methods, the approach has the following distinct features. First, under the one-class-at-a-time framework, the approach guarantees the optimality of the decomposition. Second, for a K-class problem, the number of binary classifiers required by the method is only K-1. Third, to achieve higher classification accuracy, the approach can easily be adapted to form a committee machine. A drawback of the approach is that its computational burden increases rapidly with the number of classes. …

Synergistic Use Of Compound Properties And Docking Scores In Neural Network Modeling Of Cyp2d6 Binding: Predicting Affinity And Conformational Sampling, Peter S. Bazeley, Sridevi Prithivi, Craig Struble, Richard J. Povinelli, Daniel S. Sem

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is used to develop an approach for predicting affinity and relevant binding conformation(s) for highly flexible binding sites. The approach combines the use of docking scores and compound properties as attributes in building a neural network (NN) model. It begins by identifying segments of CYP2D6 that are important for binding specificity, based on structural variability among diverse CYP enzymes. A family of distinct, low-energy conformations of CYP2D6 are generated using simulated annealing (SA) and a collection of 82 compounds with known CYP2D6 affinities are docked. Interestingly, docking poses are observed on the backside of the heme …

Modulation Of Stretch Reflexes Of The Finger Flexors By Sensory Feedback From The Proximal Upper Limb Poststroke, Gilles Hoffmann, Derek G. Kamper, Jennifer H. Kahn, William Zev Rymer, Brian D. Schmit

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Neural coupling of proximal and distal upper limb segments may have functional implications in the recovery of hemiparesis after stroke. The goal of the present study was to investigate whether the stretch reflex response magnitude of spastic finger flexor muscles poststroke is influenced by sensory input from the shoulder and the elbow and whether reflex coupling of muscles throughout the upper limb is altered in spastic stroke survivors. Through imposed extension of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints, stretch of the relaxed finger flexors of the four fingers was imposed in 10 relaxed stroke subjects under different conditions of proximal sensory input, …

Pre- And Post-Alpha Motoneuronal Control Of The Soleus H-Reflex During Sinusoidal Hip Movements In Human Spinal Cord Injury, Maria Knikou, Debjani Chaudhuri, Elizabeth Kay, Brian D. Schmit

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

The aim of this study was to establish the contribution of hip-mediated sensory feedback to spinal interneuronal circuits during dynamic conditions in people with incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI). Specifically, we investigated the effects of synergistic and antagonistic group I afferents on the soleus H-reflex during imposed sinusoidal hip movements. The soleus H-reflex was conditioned by stimulating the common peroneal nerve (CPN) at short (2, 3, and 4 ms) and long (80, 100, and 120 ms) conditioning test (C-T) intervals to assess the reciprocal and pre-synaptic inhibition of the soleus H-reflex, respectively. The soleus H-reflex was also conditioned by medial …

99mTc-Labeled C2a Domain Of Synaptotagmin I As A Target-Specific Molecular Probe For Noninvasive Imaging Of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Ming Zhao, Xiaoguang Zhu, Shundong Ji, Jundong Zhou, Kutlan S. Ozker, Wei Fang, Robert C. Molthen, Robert S. Hellman

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Abstract: The exposure of phosphatidylserine (PtdS) is a common molecular marker for both apoptosis and necrosis and enables the simultaneous detection of these distinct modes of cell death. Our aim was to develop a radiotracer based on the PtdS-binding activity of the C2A domain of synaptotagmin I and assess ^99mTc-C2A-GST (GST is glutathione S-transferase) using a reperfused acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rat model. Methods: The binding of C2A-GST toward apoptosis and necrosis was validated in vitro. After labeling with ^99mTc via 2-iminothiolane thiolation, radiochemical purity and radiostability were tested. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution were studied in healthy rats. …

Generalized Perceptual Linear Prediction (Gplp) Features For Animal Vocalization Analysis, Patrick J. Clemins, Michael T. Johnson

Dr. Dolittle Project: A Framework for Classification and Understanding of Animal Vocalizations

A new feature extraction model, generalized perceptual linear prediction (gPLP), is developed to calculate a set of perceptually relevant features for digital signal analysis of animalvocalizations. The gPLP model is a generalized adaptation of the perceptual linear prediction model, popular in human speech processing, which incorporates perceptual information such as frequency warping and equal loudness normalization into the feature extraction process. Since such perceptual information is available for a number of animal species, this new approach integrates that information into a generalized model to extract perceptually relevant features for a particular species. To illustrate, qualitative and quantitative comparisons are made …

Sub-Banded Reconstructed Phase Spaces For Speech Recognition, Kevin M Indrebo, Richard J. Povinelli, Michael T. Johnson

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

A novel method combining filter banks and reconstructed phase spaces is proposed for the modeling and classification of speech. Reconstructed phase spaces, which are based on dynamical systems theory, have advantages over spectral-based analysis methods in that they can capture nonlinear or higher-order statistics. Recent work has shown that the natural measure of a reconstructed phase space can be used for modeling and classification of phonemes. In this work, sub-banding of speech, which has been examined for recognition of noise-corrupted speech, is studied in combination with phase space reconstruction. This sub-banding, which is motivated by empirical psychoacoustical studies, is shown …

Soft-Started Induction Motor Modeling And Heating Issues For Different Starting Profiles Using A Flux Linkage Abc Frame Of Reference, M. G. Solveson, Behrooz Mirafzal, Nabeel Demerdash

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

In order to mitigate the adverse effects of starting torque transients and high inrush currents in induction motors, a popular method is to use electronically controlled soft-starting voltages utilizing series-connected silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCRs). Investigation of semioptimum soft-starting voltage profiles was implemented using a flux linkage ABC frame of reference model of a soft-started three-phase induction motor. A state-space model of the soft-starter thyristor switching sequence for the motor and load was developed and implemented in a time-domain simulation to examine winding heating and shaft stress issues for different starting profiles. Simulation results of line starts and soft starts were compared …

Alterations In Regional Vascular Geometry Produced By Theoretical Stent Implantation Influence Distributions Of Wall Shear Stress: Analysis Of A Curved Coronary Artery Using 3d Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling, John F. Ladisa, Lars E. Olson, Douglas Anthony Hettrick, David C. Warltier, Judy R. Kersten, Paul S. Pagel

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Background

The success of stent implantation in the restoration of blood flow through areas of vascular narrowing is limited by restenosis. Several recent studies have suggested that the local geometric environment created by a deployed stent may influence regional blood flow characteristics and alter distributions of wall shear stress (WSS) after implantation, thereby rendering specific areas of the vessel wall more susceptible to neointimal hyperplasia and restenosis. Stents are most frequently implanted in curved vessels such as the coronary arteries, but most computational studies examining blood flow patterns through stented vessels conducted to date use linear, cylindrical geometric models. It …

Statistical Models Of Reconstructed Phase Spaces For Signal Classification, Richard J. Povinelli, Michael T. Johnson, Andrew C. Lindgren, Felice M. Roberts, Jinjin Ye

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

This paper introduces a novel approach to the analysis and classification of time series signals using statistical models of reconstructed phase spaces. With sufficient dimension, such reconstructed phase spaces are, with probability one, guaranteed to be topologically equivalent to the state dynamics of the generating system, and, therefore, may contain information that is absent in analysis and classification methods rooted in linear assumptions. Parametric and nonparametric distributions are introduced as statistical representations over the multidimensional reconstructed phase space, with classification accomplished through methods such as Bayes maximum likelihood and artificial neural networks (ANNs). The technique is demonstrated on heart arrhythmia …

Cost Effective Concrete Pavement Cross Sections - Final Report, James Crovetti

Transportation Reports with the Wisconsin Department of Transportation

This report presents the findings of a study of alternate pavement designs targeted at reducing the initial construction costs of concrete pavements without compromising pavement performance. Test sections were constructed with alternate dowel materials, reduced dowel placements, variable thickness concrete slabs and alternate surface and subsurface drainage details. Performance data was collected out to 5 and 7 years after construction.

The study results indicate that FRP composite dowels may not be a practical alternative to conventional epoxy coated steel dowels due to their reduced rigidity, which results in lower deflection load transfer capacities at transverse joints. Ride quality measures also …

Explant Analysis Of Total Disc Replacement, Paul A. Anderson, Steven M. Kurtz, Jeffrey M. Toth

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Explant analysis of human disc prostheses allow early evaluation of the host response to the prosthesis and the response of the prosthesis from the host. Furthermore, early predictions of failure and wear can be obtained. Thus far, about 2-3% of disc prostheses have been removed. Observed wear patterns are similar to that of appendicular prostheses including abrasions/scratching, burnishing, surface deformation, fatigue, and embedded debris. Chemically the polymeric components have shown little degradation in short-term implantation. In metal on metal prostheses the histologic responses consist of large numbers of metallic particles with occasional macrophages and giant cells. Only rare cases of …

A Prototype Table-Top Inverse-Geometry Volumetric Ct System, Taly Gilat Schmidt, Josh Star-Lack, N. Robert Bennett, Samuel R. Mazin, Edward G. Solomon, Rebecca Fahrig, Norbert J. Pelc

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

A table-top volumetric CT system has been implemented that is able to image a 5-cm-thick volume in one circular scan with no cone-beam artifacts. The prototype inverse-geometry CT (IGCT) scanner consists of a large-area, scanned x-ray source and a detector array that is smaller in the transverse direction. The IGCT geometry provides sufficient volumetric sampling because the source and detector have the same axial, or slice direction, extent. This paper describes the implementation of the table-top IGCT scanner, which is based on the NexRay Scanning-Beam Digital X-ray system (NexRay, Inc., Los Gatos, CA) and an investigation of the system performance. …

Microswitches With Sputtered Au, Aupd,Au-On-Aupt, And Auptcu Alloy Electric Contacts, Ronald A. Coutu Jr., J. R. Reid, R. Cortez, R. E. Strawser, P. E. Kladitis

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

This paper is the first to report on a new analytic model for predicting microcontact resistance and the design, fabrication, and testing of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) metal contact switches with sputtered bimetallic (i.e., gold (Au)-on-Au-platinum (Pt), (Au-on-Au-(6.3at%)Pt)), binary alloy (i.e., Au-palladium (Pd), (Au-(3.7at%)Pd)), and ternary alloy (i.e., Au-Pt-copper (Cu), (Au-(5.0at%)Pt-(0.5at%)Cu)) electric contacts. The microswitches with bimetallic and binary alloy contacts resulted in contact resistance values between 1-2Omega. Preliminary reliability testing indicates a 3times increase in switching lifetime when compared to microswitches with sputtered Au electric contacts. The ternary alloy exhibited approximately a 6times increase in switch lifetime with contact resistance …

Vascular Tortuosity Is Culprit To Abnormal Perfusion In 9l Gliosarcoma Tumor, M. M. Darpolar, Robert C. Molthen, F. C. Wu, Kathleen M. Schmainda

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Rapid Bridge Replacement Under Emergency Situation: Case Study, Yong Bai, William R. Burkett, Phillip T. Nash

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

The terrorist attack on September 11, 2001, and subsequent potential threats to the United States transportation systems have presented an urgent need to elevate the security of the transportation infrastructure and to develop emergency response plans to quickly react to the possible consequences of an extreme event. Highway bridges, as critical components of the nation’s transportation network, have been brought to closer attention by government agencies. A research project was conducted to identify strategies and technologies to restore the use of a damaged bridge quickly. One of the tasks associated with the research was to perform several case studies of …

An Lmi Approach To Discrete-Time Observer Design With Stochastic Resilience, Edwin E. Yaz, Chung Seop Jeong, Yvonne I. Yaz

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Much of the recent work on robust control or observer design has focused on preservation of stability of the controlled system or the convergence of the observer in the presence of parameter perturbations in the plant or the measurement model. The present work addresses the important problem of stochastic resilience or non-fragility of a discrete-time Luenberger observer which is the maintenance of convergence and/or performance when the observer is erroneously implemented possibly due to computational errors i.e. round off errors in digital implementation or sensor errors, etc. A common linear matrix inequality framework is presented to address the stochastic resilient …

Fast Thermal Profiling Of Power Semiconductor Devices Using Fourier Techniques, J. J. Nelson, G. Venkataramanan, Ayman M. El-Refaie

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Accurate prediction of temperature variation of power semiconductor devices in power electronic circuits is important to obtain optimum designs and estimate reliability levels. Temperature estimation of power electronic devices has generally been performed using transient thermal equivalent circuits. In the presence of varying load cycles, it has been typical to resort to a time-domain electrical simulation tool such as P-Spice or SABER to obtain a time series of the temperature profiles. However, for complex and periodic load cycles, time-series simulation is time consuming. In this paper, a fast Fourier analysis-based approach is presented for obtaining temperature profiles for power semiconductors. …

Lung Circulation Modeling: Status And Prospect, Anne V. Clough, Said H. Audi, Robert C. Molthen, Gary S. Krenz

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Mathematical modeling has been used to interpret anatomical and physiological data obtained from metabolic and hemodynamic studies aimed at investigating structure-function relationships in the vasculature of the lung, and how these relationships are affected by lung injury and disease. The indicator dilution method was used to study the activity of redox processes within the lung. A steady-state model of the data was constructed and used to show that pulmonary endothelial cells may play an important role in reducing redox active compounds and that those reduction rates can be altered with oxidative stress induced by exposure to high oxygen environments. In …

Spatial Admittance Selection Conditions For Frictionless Force-Guided Assembly Of Polyhedral Parts In Single Principal Contact, Shuguang Huang, Joseph M. Schimmels

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

By judiciously selecting the admittance of a manipulator, the forces of contact that occur during assembly can be used to guide the parts to proper positioning. This paper identifies conditions for selecting the appropriate spatial admittance to achieve reliable force-guided assembly of polyhedral parts for cases in which a single feature (vertex, edge, or face) of one part contacts a single feature of the other, i.e., all single principal contact cases. These conditions ensure that the motion that results from frictionless contact always instantaneously reduces part misalignment. We show that, for bounded misalignments, if an admittance satisfies the misalignment-reducing conditions …

Lessons Learned From An Emergency Bridge Replacement Project, Yong Bai, William R. Burkett, Phillip T. Nash

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

The terrorist attack on September 11, 2001, and subsequent potential threats to U.S. transportation systems have presented an urgent need to develop emergency response plans to quickly react to the possible consequences of extreme events. Extreme events include terrorist attack as well as man-made and natural disasters such as explosions, fires, floods, and earthquakes. The objective of this research was to identify strategies and technologies to quickly restore the use of highway bridges, a critical component of the nation’s transportation network, in case they are damaged or destroyed by extreme events. One of the tasks associated with this research was …

Analysis Of Surface Permanent Magnet Machines With Fractional-Slot Concentrated Windings, Ayman M. El-Refaie, Thomas M. Jahns, Donald W. Novotny

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

This paper presents a closed-form analytical technique for analyzing surface PM machines equipped with fractional-slot concentrated windings. Since this class of winding configuration deviates significantly from conventional sinusoidal distributions, classical steady-state phasor or analytical techniques cannot be used to provide accurate results. The presented analytical model provides a fast and reliable method to analyze and compare candidate machine designs. Stator slotting effects are taken into consideration and a wide range of concentrated winding configurations can be analyzed. This technique is capable of analyzing the machine both below (constant-torque) and above (flux-weakening) base speed. Average torque, cogging torque, and ripple torque …

On Innovative Methods Of Induction Motor Interturn And Broken-Bar Fault Diagnostics, Behrooz Mirafzal, Nabeel Demerdash

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

A fault indicator, the so-called swing angle, for broken-bar and interturn faults is investigated in this paper. This fault indicator is based on the rotating magnetic-field pendulous-oscillation concept in faulty squirrel-cage induction motors. Using the "swing-angle indicator," it will be demonstrated here that an interturn fault can be detected even in the presence of machine manufacturing imperfections. Meanwhile, a broken-bar fault can be detected under both direct-line and PWM excitations, even under the more difficult condition of partial-load levels. These two conditions of partial load and motor manufacturing imperfections, which are considered as difficult situations for fault detection, are investigated …

Ischemia Reperfusion Dysfunction Changes Model-Estimated Kinetics Of Myofilament Interaction Due To Inotropic Drugs In Isolated Hearts, Samhita S. Rhodes, Amadou Ks Camara, Kristina M. Ropella, Said H. Audi, Matthias L. Riess, Paul S. Pagel, David F. Stowe

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Background

The phase-space relationship between simultaneously measured myoplasmic [Ca²⁺] and isovolumetric left ventricular pressure (LVP) in guinea pig intact hearts is altered by ischemic and inotropic interventions. Our objective was to mathematically model this phase-space relationship between [Ca²⁺] and LVP with a focus on the changes in cross-bridge kinetics and myofilament Ca²⁺ sensitivity responsible for alterations in Ca²⁺-contraction coupling due to inotropic drugs in the presence and absence of ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury.

Methods

We used a four state computational model to predict LVP using experimentally measured, averaged myoplasmic [Ca²⁺] transients …

Statistical Correlation Of Gain And Buildup Time In Apds And Its Effects On Receiver Performance, Peng Sun, Majeed M. Hayat, Bahaa E.A. Saleh, Malvin Carl Teich

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

This paper reports a novel recurrence theory that enables us to calculate the exact joint probability density function (pdf) of the random gain and the random avalanche buildup time in avalanche photodiodes (APDs) including the effect of dead space. Such calculations reveal a strong statistical correlation between the gain and the buildup time for all widths of the multiplication region. To facilitate the calculation of the photocurrent statistics in the presence of this correlation, the impulse-response function of the APD is approximately modeled by a function of time whose prespecified shape is appropriately parameterized by two random variables: the gain …