Digital Commons Network^™

Aerosol-Assisted Synthesis Of Monodisperse Single-Crystalline Α-Cristobalite Nanospheres, Xingmao Jiang, Lihong Bao, Yung-Sung Cheng, Darren R. Dunphy, Xiaodong Li, C. Jeffrey Brinker

Faculty Publications

Monodisperse single-crystalline α-cristobalite nanospheres have been synthesized by hydrocarbon-pyrolysis-induced carbon deposition on amorphous silica aerosol nanoparticles, devitrification of the coated silica at high temperature, and subsequent carbon removal by oxidation. The nanosphere size can be well controlled by tuning the size of the colloidal silica precursor. Uniform, high-purity nanocrystalline α-cristobalite is important for catalysis, nanocomposites, advanced polishing, and understanding silica nanotoxicology.

Effects Of Prenatal Food And Micronutrient Supplementation On Child Growth From Birth To 54 Months Of Age: A Randomized Trial In Bangladesh, Ashraful Islam Khan, Iqbal Kabir, Eva-Charlotte Ekström, Kajsa Åsling-Monemi, Dewan Shamsul Alam, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Md Yunus, Shams Arifeen, Lars-Åke Persson

Faculty Publications

Background: There is a lack of information on the optimal timing of food supplementation to malnourished pregnant women and possible combined effects of food and multiple micronutrient supplementations (MMS) on their offspring's growth. We evaluated the effects of prenatal food and micronutrient interventions on postnatal child growth. The hypothesis was that prenatal MMS and early invitation to food supplementation would increase physical growth in the offspring during 0-54 months and a combination of these interventions would further improve these outcomes.

Methods: In the large, randomized MINIMat trial (Maternal and Infant Nutrition Interventions in Matlab), Bangladesh, 4436 pregnant women were enrolled …

December 7, 2011 Faculty Senate Minutes, University Of South Carolina

Faculty Senate

No abstract provided.

Long-Term Effects Of Changes In Cardiorespiratory Fitness And Body Mass Index On All-Cause And Cardiovascular Disease Mortality In Men: The Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study, Duck-Chul Lee, Xuemei Sui, Enrique G. Artero, I-Min Lee, Timothy S. Church, Paul A. Mcauley, Fatima C. Stanford, Harold W. Kohl Iii, Steven N. Blair

Faculty Publications

Background - The combined associations of changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index (BMI) with mortality remain controversial and uncertain.

Methods and Results - We examined the independent and combined associations of changes in fitness and BMI with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in 14,345 men (mean age 44 years) with at least 2 medical examinations. Fitness, in metabolic equivalents (METs), was estimated from a maximal treadmill test. BMI was calculated using measured weight and height. Changes in fitness and BMI between the baseline and last examinations over 6.3 years were classified into loss, stable, or gain groups. …

College Student Reactions To Health Warning Labels: Sociodemographic And Psychosocial Factors Related To Perceived Effectiveness Of Different Approaches, Carla J. Berg, James F. Thrasher, J. Lee Westmaas, Taneisha Buchanan, Erika A. Pinsker, Jasjit S. Ahluwalia

Faculty Publications

Objective. To examine factors associated with perceiving different types of pictorial cigarette health warning labels as most effective in motivating smokers to quit or preventing smoking initiation among college students.

Method. We administered an online survey to 24,055 students attending six Southeast colleges in Fall, 2010. We obtained complete data for the current analysis from 2600.

Results. Current smoking prevalence was 23.5%. The largest majority (78.6%) consistently rated gruesome images as most effective, 19.5% rated testimonial images as most effective, and only a small proportion rated either standard (1.6%) or human suffering images (0.3%) as most effective. Subsequent analyses focused …

Relationship Between Vancomycin Trough Concentrations And Nephrotoxicity: A Prospective Multicenter Trial, John A. Bosso, Jean Nappi, Celeste Rudisill, Marlea Wellein, P Brandon Bookstaver, Jenna Swindler, Patrick D. Mauldin

Faculty Publications

Several single-center studies have suggested that higher doses of vancomycin, aimed at producing trough concentrations of >15 mg/liter, are associated with increased risk of nephrotoxicity. We prospectively assessed the relative incidence of nephrotoxicity in relation to trough concentration in patients with documented methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections at seven hospitals throughout South Carolina. Adult patients receiving vancomycin for at least 72 h with at least one vancomycin trough concentration determined under steady-state conditions were prospectively studied. The relationship between vancomycin trough concentrations of >15 mg/ml and the occurrence of nephrotoxicity was assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses, controlling for age, …

Associations Between Physical Activity And Submaximal Cardiorespiratory And Pulmonary Responses In Men, John C. Sieverdes, Xuemei Sui, Steven N. Blair

Faculty Publications

Background: Habitual physical activity (PA) is associated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness values, but additional information is needed on the contributions of specific types and amounts of PA. Therefore the main aim of this study was to analyze the heart and lung function of a large cohort of men and compare these outcomes with various modes and volumes of PA.

Methods: We used data from 30,594 men from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study who were categorized into sedentary, swimmer, walker, and runner groups using self-report PA data collected during 1970-2005. Additional PA categories using MET-minutes/week were used to group men into …

One-Step Infiltration Of Mixed Conducting Electrocatalysts For Reducing Cathode Polarization Of A Commercial Cathode-Supported Sofc, Nansheng Xu, Xue Li, Xuan Zhao, Hailei Zhao, Kevin Huang

Faculty Publications

Infiltrating fine-grained electrocatalyst particles of either ion conducting or mixed electron and ion conducting (MEIC) material into a ceramic porous electrode scaffold has proven a very effective way to improve electrode performance for low to intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). We report here one-step infiltration of MEIC fine particles, La_0.6Sr_0.4CoO_3-δ (LSCo) and SrCo_0.8Fe_0.2O_3-δ (SCF), into a commercial cathode substrate. A comparative study shows that the cathode polarization can be considerably reduced by a factor of 17 to 28 and 28 to 49 from 1000 to 700 ³C by …

Colonoscopy Screening Rates Among Patients Of Colonoscopy-Trained African American Primary Care Physicians, Sudha Xirasagar, Thomas G. Hurley, James B. Burch, Ali Mansaray, James R. Hébert

Faculty Publications

Background - When performed competently, colonoscopy screening can reduce colorectal cancer rates, especially in high-risk groups such as African Americans (AAs). Training primary care physicians (PCPs) to perform colonoscopy may improve screening rates among underserved high-risk populations.

Methods - We compared colonoscopy screening rates and computed adjusted odds ratios for colonoscopy-eligible patients of trained AA PCPs (study group) vs. untrained PCPs (comparison group), before and since initiating colonoscopy training. All colonoscopies were performed at a licensed ambulatory surgery center with specialist standby support. Retrospective chart review was conducted on 200 consecutive, established outpatients aged ≥50 years at each of 12 …

Density Functional Theory Study On The Electronic Structure Of N- And P-Type Doped Srtio3 At Anodic Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Conditions, Suwit Suthirakun, Salai Cheettu Ammal, Guoliang Xiao, Fanglin Chen, Andreas Heyden, Hans-Conrad Zur Loye

Faculty Publications

The electronic conductivity and thermodynamic stability of mixed n-type and p-type doped SrTiO₃ have been investigated at anodic solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) conditions using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In particular, constrained ab initio thermodynamic calculations have been performed to evaluate the phase stability and reducibility of various Nb- and Ga-doped SrTiO₃ at synthesized and anodic SOFC conditions. The density of states (DOS) of these materials was analyzed to study the effects of n- and p-doping on the electronic conductivity. In agreement with experimental observations, we find that the transformation from 20% Nb-doped Sr-deficient SrTiO …

November 2, 2011 Faculty Senate Minutes, University Of South Carolina

Faculty Senate

No abstract provided.

Modern Police Practices: Arizona V. Gant's Illusory Restriction Of Vehicle Searches Incident To Arrest, Seth W. Stoughton

Faculty Publications

In 2009, the Supreme Court overturned thirty years of precedent with a decision that purported to dramatically cut back on the ability of law enforcement officers to conduct warrantless vehicle searches incident to the arrest of a vehicle occupant. Scholars and commentators celebrated Arizona v. Gant’s constraint of police, and subsequent scholarship has focused exclusively on peripheral concerns such as alternative justifications for warrantless searches and Gant’s effect on non-vehicle searches. This Note challenges the core assumption that Gant will substantially limit vehicle searches incident to arrest, contending that Gant is far more permissive than it appears. In most cases, …

Presidential Power And Constitutional Responsibility, Thomas P. Crocker

Faculty Publications

Some constitutional theorists defend unbounded executive power to respond to emergencies or expansive discretionary powers to complete statutory directives. Against these anti-Madisonian approaches, this Article examines how the textual assignment of republican virtues helps to constitute and constrain the president's power. The Madisonian solution for constitutional constraint both creates institutions for unenlightened statesmen and relies on virtue to make governing possible. Constitutional responsibility is a consistent textual theme found in the command to "take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed," the responsibility to remain faithful to the office of president, and the obligation to preserve the Constitution itself. Although …

Social And Clinical Predictors Of Prostate Cancer Treatment Decisions Among Men In South Carolina, Sara E. Wagner, Bettina F. Drake, Keith Elder, James R. Hébert

Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE:

To assess social and clinical influences of prostate cancer treatment decisions among white and black men in the Midlands of South Carolina.

METHODS:

We linked data collected on treatment decision making in men diagnosed with prostate cancer from 1996 through 2002 with clinical and sociodemographic factors collected routinely by the South Carolina Central Cancer Registry (SCCCR). Unconditional logistic regression was used to assess social and clinical influences on treatment decision.

RESULTS:

A total of 435 men were evaluated. Men of both races who chose surgery (versus radiation) were more likely to be influenced by their physician and by family/friends. …

Mechanisms Of The Contextual Interference Effect In Individuals Poststroke, Nicolas Schweughofer, Jeong-Yoon Lee, Hui-Ting Goh, Youggeun Choi, Sung Shin Kim, Jill Campbell Stewart Pt,Phd, Rebecca Lewthwaite, Carolee J. Winstein

Faculty Publications

Although intermixing different motor learning tasks via random schedules enhances long-term retention compared with “blocked” schedules, the mechanism underlying this contextual interference effect has been unclear. Furthermore, previous studies have reported inconclusive results in individuals poststroke. We instructed participants to learn to produce three grip force patterns in either random or blocked schedules and measured the contextual interference effect by long-term forgetting: the change in performance between immediate and 24-h posttests. Nondisabled participants exhibited the contextual interference effect: no forgetting in the random condition but forgetting in the blocked condition. Participants at least 3 mo poststroke exhibited no forgetting in …

A Randomized Trial Of A Diet And Exercise Intervention For Overweight And Obese Women From Economically Disadvantaged Neighborhoods: Sisters Taking Action For Real Success (Stars), Sarah Wilcox, Patricia A. Sharpe, Deborah Parra-Medina, Michelle L. Granner, Brent E. Hutto

Faculty Publications

Background - Lower socioeconomic status at both the individual and neighborhood level is associated with increased health risks. Weight loss can reduce this risk, but few high quality weight loss studies target this population.

Objectives - STARS tests a culturally-appropriate, group-based behavioral and social support intervention on body weight and waist circumference in women from financially disadvantaged neighborhoods.

Design - A stratified (by BMI) randomized trial. Randomization to group was generated by a random numbers table with allocation concealment by opaque envelopes.

Methods - Participants 25-50 years who had a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m² and a waist circumference ≥ …

Giant Magnetostriction In Annealed Co1-XFeX Thin-Films, Dwight Hunter, Will Osborn, Ke Wang, Nataliya Kazantseva, Jason R. Hattrick-Simpers, Richard Suchoski, Ryota Takahashi, Marcus L. Young, Apurva Mehta, Leonid A. Bendersky, Same E. Lofland, Manfred Wuttig, Ichiro Takeuchi

Faculty Publications

Chemical and structural heterogeneity and the resulting interaction of coexisting phases can lead to extraordinary behaviours in oxides, as observed in piezoelectric materials at morphotropic phase boundaries and relaxor ferroelectrics. However, such phenomena are rare in metallic alloys. Here we show that, by tuning the presence of structural heterogeneity in textured Co_1−xFe_x thin films, effective magnetostriction λeff as large as 260 p.p.m. can be achieved at low-saturation field of ~10 mT. Assuming λ100 is the dominant component, this number translates to an upper limit of magnetostriction ofλ100≈5λeff >1,000 p.p.m. Microstructural analyses …

The Association Between The Type, Context, And Levels Of Physical Activity Amongst Adolescents, Harriet Koorts, Calum Mattocks, Andy R. Ness, Kevin Deere, Steven N. Blair, Russell R. Pate, Chris Riddoch

Faculty Publications

Background: Little is known about how the type and context of physical activity behaviors varies among adolescents with differing activity levels. The aim of this study was to assess differences in the type and context of physical activity behaviors in adolescents by level of objectively measured physical activity. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 2728 adolescents (1299 males, 1429 females) participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). The mean (SD) age was 13.8 (+0.1) years. Physical activity was measured using an Actigraph over 7 days. Adolescents were categorized into tertiles of activity (less, moderately, highly active) using counts/min …

Adipose Tissue Endocannabinoid System Gene Expression: Depot Differences And Effects Of Diet And Exercise, Tongjian You, Beth L. Disanzo, Xuewen Wang, Rongze Yang, Dawei Gong

Faculty Publications

Background: Alterations of endocannabinoid system in adipose tissue play an important role in lipid regulation and metabolic dysfunction associated with obesity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether gene expression levels of cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) are different in subcutaneous abdominal and gluteal adipose tissue, and whether hypocaloric diet and aerobic exercise influence subcutaneous adipose tissue CB1 and FAAH gene expression in obese women.

Methods: Thirty overweight or obese, middle-aged women (BMI = 34.3 ± 0.8 kg/m², age = 59 ± 1 years) underwent one of three 20-week weight …

A Draft Genome Of Yersinia Pestis From Victims Of The Black Death, Kirsten I. Bos, Verena J. Schuenemann, G. Brian Golding, Hernán A. Burbano, Nicholas Waglechner, Brian K. Coombes, Joseph B. Mcphee, Sharon Dewitte, Matthias Meyer, Sarah Schmedes, James Wood, David J. D. Earn, D. Ann Herring, Peter Bauer, Hendrik N. Poinar, Johannes Krause

Faculty Publications

Technological advances in DNA recovery and sequencing have drastically expanded the scope of genetic analyses of ancient specimens to the extent that full genomic investigations are now feasible and are quickly becoming standard1. This trend has important implications for infectious disease research because genomic data from ancient microbes may help to elucidate mechanisms of pathogen evolution and adaptation for emerging and re-emerging infections. Here we report a reconstructed ancient genome of Yersinia pestis at 30-fold average coverage from Black Death victims securely dated to episodes of pestilence-associated mortality in London, England, 1348–1350. Genetic architecture and phylogenetic analysis indicate …

Prescribing Exercise In Primary Care: Ten Practical Steps On How To Do It, Karim M. Khan, Richard Weller, Steven N. Blair

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A Novel Solid Oxide Redox Flow Battery For Grid Energy Storage, Nansheng Xu, Xue Li, Xuan Zhao, John B. Goodenough, Kevin Huang

Faculty Publications

In this work we report proof-of-concept of a novel redox flow battery consisting of a solid oxide electrochemical cell (SOEC) integrated with a redox-cycle unit. The charge/discharge characteristics were explicitly observed by operating between fuel cell and electrolysis modes of the SOEC along with “in-battery” generation and storage of H₂ realized by an in situ closed-loop reversible steam-metal reaction in the redox-cycle unit. With Fe/FeO as the redox materials, the new storage battery can produce an energy capacity of 348 Wh/kg-Fe and round-trip efficiency of 91.5% over twenty stable charge/discharge cycles. This excellent performance combined with robustness, environmental friendliness …

Synthesis, Structural, Optical And Mechanical Characterization Of Srb2O4 Nanorods, Rui Li, Lihong Bao, Xiaodong Li

Faculty Publications

Single crystalline strontium borate (SrB₂O₄) nanorods were synthesized for the first time via a facile sol–gel route at low temperature. The SrB₂O₄ nanorods have a good crystalline nature with the growth direction along the [511] orientation and they are transparent from the ultraviolet to the visible regimes. Nanoscale three-point bending tests were performed directly on individual nanorods to probe their mechanical properties using an atomic force microscope. The elastic modulus of SrB₂O₄ nanorods was measured to be 158.2 ± 2.8 GPa, exhibiting a significant increase compared with other borate nanostructures …

October 5, 2011 Faculty Senate Minutes, University Of South Carolina

Faculty Senate

No abstract provided.

Engaging The Legal Academy In Disaster Response, Susan Kuo, Davida Finger, Laila Hlass, Anne Hornsby, Rachel Van Cleave

Faculty Publications

This article discusses three models of law school engagement that have been used to respond to natural disasters. The three models discussed are a disaster law clinic, a course on disaster law, and a student-led initiative featuring non-credit, pro bono placements. Each model offers a conceptual approach for integrating community-based, justice-oriented initiatives into academic and clinical teaching. Taken as templates for a more permanent model of engagement in the area of post-disaster law and social justice, these models demonstrate that the legal academy can meet its service obligation to the community while training lawyers to better appreciate the central tenets …

The Case For Tradable Tax Credits, Clint Wallace

Faculty Publications

This note argues that tradable tax credits offer advantages as compared to other mechanisms the federal government can use to affect social and economic policy. Policymakers should consider the tradable tax credit as a potentially desirable form of tax incentive, rather than a necessity of political compromise as was the case in the enactment of existing tradable credits. First, the note establishes that tradable tax credits can be the economic equivalent of direct spending programs and of refundable tax credits. Next, the note examines a limited but significant set of circumstances in which the tradable tax credit can offer efficiency …

From Gunboat To Garbage Can: The Conservation Of A Cannonball Part 3, Ashley Deming

Faculty & Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

The Rice Miniature Inverted Repeat Transposable Element Mping Is An Effective Insertional Mutagen In Soybean, C. Nathan Hancock, Feng Zhang, Kristen Floyd, Aaron O. Richardson, Peter Lafayette, Donna Tucker, Susan R. Wessler, Wayne A. Parrott

Faculty Publications

Insertional mutagenesis of legume genomes such as soybean (Glycine max) should aid in identifying genes responsible for key traits such as nitrogen fixation and seed quality. The relatively low throughput of soybean transformation necessitates the use of a transposon-tagging strategy where a single transformation event will produce many mutations over a number of generations. However, existing transposon-tagging tools being used in legumes are of limited utility because of restricted transposition (Ac/Ds: soybean) or the requirement for tissue culture activation (Tnt1: Medicago truncatula). A recently discovered transposable element from rice (Oryza …

Thomas Cooper Society Newsletter - Fall 2011, University Libraries--University Of South Carolina

Thomas Cooper Society Newsletter

Contents:

The Robert B. Ariail Collection of Historical Astronomy: A ‘Collection of Astonishing Proportions’..... p.1
A Very Rare Book Indeed: Researching the John Bevis Atlas..... p.2
Sudduth is New Director of Irvin Department..... p.3
Current and Upcoming Exhibits..... p.3
Special Events Held in Conjunction with English Bible Exhibit..... p.4
Department Hosts Hemingway Symposium and Exhibit..... p.4
An American Composer Explores the Work of Robert Burns..... p.5
Irvin Department of Rare Books and Special Collections Notable Gifts and Acquisitions for 2009-2011..... p.6
Rare Items Go on the Road to Teach and Inspire..... p.6
Irvin Department Contributes Companion Exhibit at the Columbia …

Making Artifacts Talk...Archaeology And Education At The Johannes Kolb Site - 2011, South Carolina Institute Of Archaeology And Anthropology--University Of South Carolina

Archaeology Month Posters

This poster was released in conjunction with South Carolina Archaeology Month, October 2011.