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The Potential For Moral Hazard Behavior In Irrigation Decisions Under Crop Insurance, Paloch Suchato

Paloch Suchato

Tb205: Cost Of Supplemental Irrigation For Potato Production In Maine, David Silver, Ermias Afeworki, George Criner

George K. Criner

This report presents estimated irrigation costs for potato production in Maine. The variability of the weather in Maine (particularly precipitation) has a large influence on crop yields and overall farm profitability. The use of supplemental irrigation on high-value agricultural crops can improve the economic situation of farmers who use this equipment efficiently. Costs considered in this report include capital costs (equipment, interest, water development (pond construction, permitting, engineering), and operating and maintenance costs (labor, power, repair).

Gardening With Less Water -- Access To Literature, David A. Bainbridge

David A Bainbridge

Super efficient irrigation systems can reduce water use and weeding dramatically. In many cases the savings are from 50-90% These systems have also been shown to increase plant health, hasten maturity and increase yields.

Gwlw Suppliers, Videos And More, David A. Bainbridge

David A Bainbridge

Super efficient irrigation systems can be made with simple materials. These can cut water use and weeding 50-90% and improve plant health, speed maturity and increase yield.

Mitigation Site Soil Characteristics And The Effects Of Inoculation, Nursery Fertilizer Practices And Irrigation On Survival And Growth Of Mesquite (Prosopis Glandulosa) In The Coachella Valley, California, David A. Bainbridge, Marcelle M. Darby

David A Bainbridge

Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (mesquite, honey mesquite) is a small to medium sized leguminous tree that was once common in the low desert of California. Widespread destruction of mesquite woodlands in the Coachella Valley of southern California for fuel wood, agricultural and urban development, and urbanization has reduced once vast stands to isolated remnants. The rerouting and widening of Highway 86 in the Coachella Valley was a typical example of ongoing mesquite woodland removal. Despite the recognized need for mitigation, relatively little information on mesquite establishment in California is available. This research explored mesquite establishment by replanting on an abandoned …

Recreating Mesquite Mounds (Nebkas) In The Colorado Desert, David A. Bainbridge

David A Bainbridge

Accretion dunes or mounds (also known as nebkas or nebkhas) are formed when plants capture and then are partially buried in wind-blown sand. In the San Felipe drainage in the western Colorado Desert, mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torrey var. torreyana (L. D. Benson) M. C. Johnston)) forms dunes up to 5 m high. These are ecologically important for both ecosystem structure (primarily habitat) and function (soil accumulation, moisture retention and nutrient cycling). The widening of California state highway 86 damaged and removed several mesquite mounds and the California Department of Transportation asked us to explore techniques for recreating them to reduce …

Drilling In The Drought: The Industrial Organization Of Groundwater, Ujjayant N. Chakravorty, E. Somanathan

Ujjayant Chakravorty

China and India together produce about half the world's rice and a third of the world's wheat, but production in both countries is heavily dependent on depleting groundwater resources. A large proportion of farmers buy and sell groundwater - the trading facilitated by small farm sizes and fragments land holdings. The economics of groundwater, when farm sizes are small, is little understood. This paper develops a simple, spatial model of the industrial organization of groundwater markets appropriate for smallholder agriculture. We show that if water is abundant, then equilibrium with free entry results in Bertrand competition, with water sellers charging …

Deep Pipe Irrigation, David A. Bainbridge

David A Bainbridge

Deep pipe irrigation uses a vertically placed section of pipe to deliver water to the roots of plants. This reduces evaporation and increases water use efficiency. Deep pipes can be filled by hand, drip or rainwater catchment.

Fan Shengzhi Ancient Agronomist, David A. Bainbridge

David A Bainbridge

Fan Shengzhi wrote the first scientific monograph about Chinese high yield agriculture about 20BC. His book of 18 chapters covered planting, sowing, seed selection and coatings, irrigation, drainage, water harvesting and preserving foods.

Buried Clay Pipe Irrigation, David A. Bainbridge

David A Bainbridge

The buried clay pipe method of irrigation is one of the most efficient systems known and is ideal for gardeners and small farmers. Buried clay pipe irrigation uses a buried, unglazed clay pipe filled with water to provide controlled irrigation to plants as the water seeps out through the clay wall at a rate that is influenced by the plant's water use. It has been used for more than one hundred years.This auto-regulation leads to very high efficiency--considerably better than drip irrigation and many times better than conventional surface irrigation. This also reduces weeds, increases yields, and can speed maturity …

Sprinklers, Crop Water Use, And Irrigation Time: Beaver County, Robert Hill, Mark Nelson

Associate Professor Mark Nelson

No abstract provided.

Fish, Farms, And The Clash Of Cultures In The Klamath Basin, Holly Doremus, A. Dan Tarlock

Holly Doremus

No abstract provided.

G90-993 Basic Cultural Practices For Commercial Production Of Green (Snap) Beans, Laurie Hodges

Laurie Hodges

This NebGuide discusses cultivar selection, production, pest management and packing of commercial green beans. Cultivars Selection of cultivars depends on intended use or market. "Processor" cultivars are low in fiber and are best for home garden and roadside markets as well as processing. These include the various Bush Blue Lake selections (BBL 47, BBL 92, BBL 274) and others such as Early Gallatin, Eagle, Slenderwhite, Labrador, Flo, and Peak. The "fresh market" or "shipping" beans have high fiber to maintain quality during long distance shipping. These include Strike, Podsquad, Blazer, Triumph, Atlantic, Gatorgreen, Greencrop, Sprite, and many others. Cultivars with …

Ec81-1240 Vegetable Gardening In Nebraska, Dale T. Lindgren, Laurie Hodges, Don Steinegger, Ralph E. Neild

Laurie Hodges

Nebraskans are increasing their consumption of fresh vegetables — as appetizers, salads, side dishes, and snacks. Fresh vegetables are an integral part of a healthy, well-balanced diet. Although Nebraska's climate and soil are well-suited for many vegetables, most are supplied from out of the state, even during summer. Growing fresh vegetables can provide higher nutrition and flavor at less expense than buying fresh produce at the grocery store. A garden also can be a source of personal enjoyment and satisfaction. This extension circular helps the gardener decide when, where, and how to plant and maintain a vegetable garden.

G92-1084 Culture Of Cole Crops, Laurie Hodges, R.E. Neild

Laurie Hodges

How to grow successfully broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, and kohlrabi. Cole crops, which include broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, and kohlrabi, can be successfully grown on most soils if drainage is good and the crop is supplied with adequate water and nutrients, particularly nitrogen. Light-textured soils usually produce earlier crops but heavier soils hold more moisture and tend to produce crops that hold quality longer at maturity. Cole crops have shallow root systems. Inadequate moisture may cause small cauliflower heads to form prematurely. Rainfall or irrigation following a prolonged dry spell may cause splitting of cabbage and kohlrabi. Supplemental …

A Day In History: Glimpsing The Land As Primary Source, James Armstrong, Peter Lutze, Laura Woodworth-Ney

James Armstrong

For nine years, three Idaho professors have researched the early culture of the irrigated settlement communities along the Snake and Boise Rivers in southern Idaho. Massive federal projects in the early 1900s transformed southern Idaho from desert into arable land, thereby creating the foundation for Idaho as it is today. Through historical photographs and writings, the work of historians, and first hand visits to historical sites, we have tried to understand this brief, pivotal period in Idaho history. We have presented our findings through in poetry and videos, what Richardson (1994) calls “evocative representations” of research data. A host of …

Wick Irrigation, David A. Bainbridge

David A Bainbridge

Wick irrigation offers the potential for very low cost, robust microirrigation in difficult environments. Wick irrigation was first used in India in combination with buried clay pot irrigation. It has proven itself in the most severe desert conditions.

Super Efficient Irrigation With Buried Clay Pots, David A. Bainbridge

David A Bainbridge

Buried clay pot irrigation was first described in an agricultural extension bulletin in China more than 2000 years ago. The clay pot provides demand responsive irrigation at very high efficiency. Clay pot irrigation can be 5-10 times more efficient than conventional irrigation. It is being used more widely in Asia, Africa, Latin American and the US.

Postjudgment “Water Interest”: Lifting The Headgate To Let Appropriate Compensation Flow For Unlawful Diversions, Jeffrey T. Matson

Jeffrey T Matson

Irrigators overdraw many Western streams to the detriment of tribal and environmental uses; these conflicting interests regularly battle in state and federal court over water allocation. This article profiles United States v. Bell (Bell) —the latest such skirmish among warring parties in the Truckee and Carson River basins of northern Nevada. In Bell, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit faced persistent excessive irrigation diversions by the Truckee Carson Irrigation District (TCID) in violation of applicable federal court decrees, administrative Operating Criteria and Procedures (OCAPs), and the Congressional Settlement Act of 1990. The Court discussed an unprecedented …

Improving Practice Through Research: The Case Of Heparin Vs. Saline For Peripheral Intermittent Infusion Devices, C. Goode, Charmaine Kleiber, M. Titler, S. Small, Barbara Rakel, Victoria Steelman, J. Walker, Kathleen Buckwalter

Barbara A. Rakel

Peripheral intermittent infusion devices are commonly used to administer periodic doses of medications to adults and children. Research findings provide a strong base for changing practice to using saline instead of heparin to flush these devices in children over 28 days old and in adults. This research-based change in practice will enhance the quality of care that patients receive and decrease the costs of their care.

Aqua Science Through The Ages. An Illustrated History Of Water, Fathi Habashi

Fathi Habashi

Water a component of the Four Elements considered by the ancient philosophers as essential for survival, played, and is still playing an essential role in society. Great civilizations in ancient times developed along great rivers. The ancient peoples knew how to manage water supplies by digging canals, controlling floods, and using water for irrigation. They designed equipment that used water to measure the time, to determine the density of solids, to fight fires, and to create vacuum. Modern engineers exploited water flow to design and construct huge hydroelectric power stations. Waterways and navigation systems were also an essential element for …

Application Of Remote Sensing And Gis Techniques In Mapping Fadama Farming Areas, Olarewaju Oluseyi Ifatimehin, Sunday Ishaya

Olarewaju Oluseyi Ifatimehin

The importance and scarcity of fadama land as well as the needs for their sustainable development and management, mapping of potentials areas is likely to be the reliable step towards effective and efficient way in securing the food needs of the populace and as well as developing the rural areas in Nigeria. This study used Remote Sensing and GIS techniques to identify potential land use areas for fadama farming and then produce map. Four steps were followed in mapping these areas: (i) topographic map of the study area was scanned and imported into the ILWIS GIS software, which was then …

Efficacy Of Different Techniques Of Sinonasal Irrigation After Modified Lothrop Procedure., A Beule, T Athanasiadis, E Athanasiadis, J Field, Peter-John Wormald

Peter-John Wormald

Background: Post-operative irrigation after endoscopic sinus surgery and endoscopic Lothrop procedure is used to remove nasal crusts and to improve wound healing. To evaluate the optimal application protocol for irrigation of the frontal sinus, a prospective cadaver study was performed. Methods: An endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure and complete sphenoethmoidectomy were performed in 19 heads. Each was irrigated with a 1.5% solution of water and different colours using nasal spray and a squeeze bottle filles with 50, 100 and 200 mL. Intensity of local staining and percentage of area were documented using standardized videoendoscopy after irrigation in 'bending over the sink' …

Crop Coefficients And Water Use For Cowpea In The San Joaquin Valley Of California, William R. Detar

William R DeTar

To improve irrigation planning and management, a modified soil water balance method was used to determine the crop coefficients and water use for cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) in an area with a semi-arid climate. A sandy 0.8-ha field was irrigated with a subsurface drip irrigation system, and the soil moisture was closely monitored for two full seasons. The procedure used was one developed for cotton by DeTar [DeTar, W.R., 2004. Using a subsurface drip irrigation system to measure crop water use. Irrig. Sci. 23, 111–122]. Using a test and validate procedure, we first developed a double sigmoidal model to …

Water Markets As A Tragedy Of The Anticommons, Stephen N. Bretsen, Peter J. Hill

Stephen N. Bretsen

In much of the American West water shortages are becoming an important concern. With increasing demands for water for municipal, industrial, and environmental uses, transfers of water from the currently predominant agricultural uses to these other uses should produce economic gains. Even though most commodity markets respond rapidly to price differentials and reduce those differentials over time, water transfers out of agriculture into higher value uses are not occurring very rapidly. The existence of multiple rights of exclusion unbundled from the rights of use under the prior appropriation doctrine in the American West creates an anticommons that has impeded water …

Application Of Remote Sensing And Gis Techniques In Mapping Areas Favourable For Fadama Farming In Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeira, Olarewaju Oluseyi Ifatimehin

Olarewaju Oluseyi Ifatimehin

Because of the important and scarcity of fadama land as well as needs for sustainable development, mapping of areas favourable for fadama farming is likely to be reliable step towards effective fadama farming and rural development in Gwagwalada area. In this study Remote Sensing and GIS techniques were utilized to map out areas that can be favourable for fadama farming. Four steps were followed in mapping areas that are favourable for fadama farming (i) the vector maps were first scanned into Microsoft word software from where it was transferred into the ILWIS GIS software and were digitized on-screen to generate …

Airborn Remote Sensing To Detect Plant Water Stress In Full Canopy Cotton, William R. Detar, J. V. Penner, H. A. Funk

William R DeTar

ABSTRACT. The potential for monitoring plant water stress in full-canopy cotton using airborne remote sensing was examined in this study. Remote sensing data, using hyperspectral (HSI), multispectral (MSI), and thermal infrared (TIR) sensors, were collected over two seasons on two varieties of Acala cotton and two experimental fields, with a total of nine flights, all with 100% canopy cover. The spatial resolution of the remote sensing data used in the study was near 1.0 m. The TIR camera was used to detect the elevated canopy temperature that occurs when the plants are water stressed. The degree of stress, as measured …

Rodents As Receptor Species At A Tritium, Angel Kelsey-Wall, John C. Seaman, Charles H. Jegoe, Cham E. Dallas, Karen F. Gaines

Karen F. Gaines

New methods are being employed on the Department of Energy’s Savannah River Site to deal with the disposal of tritium, including the irrigation of a hardwood/pine forest with tritiated water from an intercepted contaminant plume to reduce concentrations of tritium outcropping into Fourmile Branch, a tributary of the Savannah River. The use of this system has proven to be an effective means of tritium disposal. To evaluate the impact of this activity on terrestrial biota, rodent species were captured on the tritium disposal site and a control site during two trapping seasons in order to assess tritium exposure resulting from …

Self Reliant Agriculture For Arid Lands, David A. Bainbridge

David A Bainbridge

More than a billion people face the challenge of supporting themselves in the world's arid lands. Much can be improved by refining and adopting the best traditional practices and crops from around the world. The lessons learned can also help develop new and improved agronomic practices and crops.

Revegetating Desert Plant Communities, David A. Bainbridge

David A Bainbridge

Desert revegetation is possible but not easy. Careful attention to plant production (root:shoot), site prep, planting, irrigation and aftercare can lead to good survival even under extreme desert conditions. Cost per survivor is a critical consideration.