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The Influence Of Bureaucratic Factors On Welfare Policy Implementation, Gerard S. Gryski, Charles L. Usher

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The authors argue that previous welfare policy research has suffered from its neglect of bureaucratic factors, as well as a tendency to exclude policy-making arenas above and below the state level. Using several measures of organizational structure, administrative professionalism, and within-state need, they attempt to relate these variables to within-state variations in welfare policy implementation. While certain socio-economic conditions were found to be significant determinants of this variation, of greater importance are characteristics of state welfare bureaucracies such as the degree of administrative centralization and the level of professionalism of administrative staff. Their research suggests the need for further refinement …

The Political Economy Of Unemployment, Howard J. Stanback

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Unemployment, as defined by the U.S. Government. is the number of people seeking work who cannot find it during the period of study, usually a month. This definition reflects a neoclassical economic theory which links total employment with aggregate demand. In other words the higher the Gross National Product (ONP) the higher the employment. According to the theory the actual number of people working is the result interaction of this aggregate demand and the number of people willing to work at the going wage rates, i.e., the supply of labor. "Willing to work" is translated in the government definition as …

Multiple Constituencies, Differential Power, And The Question Of Effectiveness In Human Service Organizations, Patricia Yancey Martin

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

A multiple constituencies model of human service organizations identifies twelve interest groups which must be considered when effectiveness questions are raised. The differential power of the interest groups suggests that some groups' preferences are likely to be emphasized over others. The relationship between power inside the organization and that on the outside is analyzed. Recent trends in the growth andmiiitancy of professional associations and employee groups suggest that internal control by senior administrators is increasingly challenged and variable. Future studies of effectiveness in the human services are encouraged to remain sensitive to the effects of constituency interests and power on …

Factors Influencing Senate Voting Patterns On Social Work Related Legislation, Joyce Littell Smith, Gail Marie Sullivan

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This study analyzes several influences on Senate voting patterns on key legislation selected by NASW. Party affiliation, region, ratio of NASW registered social workers to state population, liberal and conservative ideology, and judgment of social work were found to be significantly associated with voting patterns. Results of a questionnaire distributed to each Senator indicate a favorable perception of the field of social work.

Toward A Meaning Of Work, Michael I. Borrero, Hector A. Rivera

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Contemporary observers of the occupation and social fabric contend that individuals as members of families need to assert their rights over their lives and their destinies. That the family and the workplace can be analyzed independently of each other's existence or the dichotomy between the intrinsic value of work and the importance of non-work time for individuals and firms are both notions that are being considered contemporarily and complementary. This paper reviews the history and societal factors that affect the notion of-work and its utility as a focus for social policy students.

Helping The Unemployment Client, Katherine Hooper Briar

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This paper analyzes ways in which the social work profession can reaffirm its professional service responsibilities to unemployed clients. It is suggested that social work practice should address not just the effects of unemployment but also the jobless condition itself. The human costs of unemployment and their implications for changes in social work assessment and intervention are cited.

Values Classification Through Science Fiction, Phyllis J. Day

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The paper discusses the use of science fiction in social work education as a mechanism for values clarification for the student social worker. Both personal opinions and values, and those stereotypes to which we have all been socialized, can be brought to awareness as reality separate from fact or knowledge by discussion of the alternate futures and societies oriented in the analogical reality of science fiction. A partial bibliography along with suggestions for use are given, and an informal study of student levels of values, clarified by LeGuin's story "Those Who Walk Away from Omelas," is reported.

A Comparison Of Social Psychological Views Among Youthful And Aged Persons: An Empirical Assessment Or Marginally Differentiated Attitude Measures, Dennis L. Peck, David L. Klemmack

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Four related but marginally differentiated sociological and psychological attitude measures are evaluated through analysis of survey data. Generated from a statewide random sample (N=322), four measures of maladjustment/well-being -- the anomie, alienation, fatalism, and powerlessness scales -- are evaluated as being similar in nature. The moderately high correlations between the scale items comprising the four distinctive conceptual world-views suggest that the scales overlap considerably. The results of an oblique solution factor analysis, however, suggest that the scales being considered may be at least marginally differentiated. Comparisons between distinctive age groups of the sample of adults age 18 to 84 using …

Journal Of Sociology & Social Welfare Vol. 7, No. 6 (November 1980)

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Table of Contents

• Values Classification through Science Fiction - Phyllis J. Day
• Multiple Constituencies, Differential Power, and the Question of Effectiveness in Human Service Organizations - Patricia Yancey Martin
• The Influence of Bureaucratic Factors on Welfare Policy Implementation - Gerard S. Gryski, Charles L. Usher
• Human Service Needs in Rapidly Growing Western Communities: The Wyoming House Services Project - One Response - Julie M. Uhlmann, John W. Hanks,
• A Comparison of Social Psychological Views among Youthful and Aged Persons: An Empirical Assessment or Marginally Differentiated Attitude Measures - Dennis L. Peck, David L. Klemmack
• Factors Influencing Senate Voting Patterns on …

Human Service Needs In Rapidly Growing Western Communities: The Wyoming House Services Project-One Response, Julie M. Uhlmann, John W. Hanks

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Human service needs in rural, western communities currently experiencing energy related growth are abundant. This paper describes and critiques a service delivery project designed to address these needs.

The Impact Of Unemployment On Young, Middle-Aged And Aged Workers, Katharine Hooper Briar, Decky Fiedler, Carol Sheean, Patricia Kamps

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This paper presents findings from research on the effects of unemployment on young, middle-aged and aged workers. The therapeutic benefits of work indicated by the elimination and reduction of problems attributed to joblessness by young and aged workers is examined as well. The implications of such findings for human service professions are explored.

Psychological And Emotional Impact Of Unemployment, Michael Borrero

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Having seen the discussion of the meaning of work and the important role it plays in our lives, as developed by Borrero and Rivera, we now need to address what happens to people when they want to work but are unable to because of economic recessions, depressions and economic policies. The focus of the following paper is to review the literature concerning the psychological and emotional stresses that are brought about as a result of unemployment.

Read It With Meaning: Aloud, Gary A. Negin, Judith L. Rios

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Between 1910 and 1925 the emphasis in reading instruction in elementary and secondary schools switched dramatically from oral reading to silent reading. Emphasis on oral reading was almost totally neglected. Educators of the 1920s believed that silent reading was more efficient than oral reading in the areas of rate, comprehension, and convenience. As McCluskey (1942) explained, "a theory was put forth that the faster one read, the more one understood. Speed, therefore, became thoroughly entrenched and oral reading with its slower ways was politely placed in solitary confinement" (p. 15).

Factors Associated With Teacher Knowledge Of Reading At The Secondary Level, Harbans Lal Narang

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Though widespread use is made of non print media to enrich and supplement teaching, most academic learning takes place through the study of printed materials. The secondary school relies heavily on textbooks for its daily work in the classroom. Secondary teachers are, therefore, expected to teach reading skills in their particular content areas. Most colleges and universities offer one or more classes in reading instruction for teachers in training. Bader (1975) indicates that more and more institutions in the United States are requiring prospective secondary teachers to take at least one course in reading as a part of their certification …

How Preservice Teachers Perceive Traditional And Competency-Based Reading Education, Richard T. Vacca, John L. Johns

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

The study, we should emphasize, was exploratory in nature. Its purpose was to generate tentative insights into the effects of traditional and competency-based reading education so that relationships between the two instructional approaches could be better understood and lead to further hypothesis making and empirical verification.

Guest Editorial: The Elderly Reader Of The Future--Need We Be Concerned?, Richard D. Robinson, Anne Marie Bernazza Haase

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Letter from the editor.

The Effect Of Interest On The Reading Comprehension Of Gifted Readers, Kathleen C. Stevens

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

All too often, little attention in our classrooms goes into "getting the most out of' superior students. This is particularly true in the field of reading. As long as their reading performance is consistently above average, superior students are often considered to be doing "well" in reading. However, this overlooks the fact that such readers may still be performing far below their potential. That is, gifted students should exhibit extremely superior reading ability-yet teachers are often content with less-than-minimum performance from these individuals.

Reading Skills In A Paperback Classroom, Lynne G. Rehder

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Humanities teachers have been reluctant, with justification, to trust mathematical measurements of literary experience. They know that the learning in which students participate in the classroom cannot be put on a bubble sheet with a number two pencil, but the threat of accountability and standardized testing is forcing them into a defensive position. Those teachers who have enjoyed the satisfactions of working with relevant material in the past few years are now threatened by basics. The good teachers, of course, never stopped teaching the basics but found that relevancy could be used as a motivational tool. The best of the …

What Is Being Done For Black Children In Reading?, Sandra F. Guillory, Charles S. Gifford

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

That there are concerns for reading problems in general is evident by the profusion of studies that have been, are being, and will be reported. However, the history of research reports regarding the reading ability of speakers of Black English is rather brief. Only in recent years have there been published reports on the high frequency of failures of Black children in reading (Smith, 1975), the urgent situation of language differences of Blacks (Knapp, 1975), and the disparity between the reading achievement levels of Black children and White children (Rupley and Robeck, 1978). This report is intended to review the …

Diagnosis Of Teacher's Reading Instruction As Well As The Pupil's Reading Program, Timothy R. Blair, William H. Rupley

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Diagnosis is the heart of effective reading instruction. This educational tenet em bodies the expertise of the teacher to collect relevant data on pupils, to interpret and synthesize the data, and to prescribe appropriate instruction. One assumption underlying the traditional diagnostic-prescriptive model is that the teacher possesses techniques and materials to provide appropriate instruction. The primary focus of such an approach is on the pupil and little attention is given to teachers and their instructional programs. It is our contention that tantamount to diagnosis of the pupil is close scrutiny by teachers of their instructional practices. Teachers should be encouraged …

Reading Attitudes Across A Broad Age Spectrum, Edward J. Dwyer, Flora Joy

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Children with parents who demonstrate a highly positive attitude toward reading and who read to their children generally profit from instruction when they begin learning to read and also enjoy considerable success (Durkin, 1966; McCormack, 1977). On the other hand, a review of current research indicates that there is little information available which demonstrates how school-age children as well as adults say they feel about reading. Further, Zirkel and Greene (1976) suggested that "there is a paucity of verbal self-report instruments in the reading attitude assessment area" (p. 107).

Cross-Age Tutoring--Using The 4 T'S, Lawrence L. Smith

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Cross- age tutoring or peer tutoring can be an effective instructional strategy for remedial reading teachers who are overloaded with students. While the concept is not new, the purpose of this paper is to describe an organizational change in remedial reading classes using a cross-age or peer tutoring paradigm developed by the author.

The Effectiveness Of Intensive Phonics, Gwen Fulwiler, Patrick Groff

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

An examination of the history of reading instruction reveals that there has been a long-standing controversy over the effectiveness of the teaching of phonics. It is readily apparent from such an historical study that the enthusiasm for phonics as an effective methodology by the experts in reading instruction has waxed and waned over the years (Matthews, 1966). Only in relatively recent times, however, have carefully controlled and analytical reviews been made of the total of the respectable research evidence that deals with this issue.

Vocabulary Acquisition During Elementary And Post-Elementary Years: A Preliminary Report, Martha Rapp Haggard

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Variables which contribute to language learning have been the subject of a great deal of research interest and study. Generally, research has concentrated on preschool language acquisition and, until the past decade, has supported the conclusion that language development is very nearly mature by about age six. Growing numbers of researchers, however, are acknowledging the need for research concerning language acquisition beyond the preschool years (C. Chomsky, 1969; Ruddell, 1976; Wardhaugh, 1976). Of specific interest are the developmental processes through which elementary and post-elementary children gain grammatical and lexical control of their language. Embedded in this larger concern are questions …

Professional Concerns, R Baird Shuman, R.W. Reising

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

R. W. Reising, Professor of Communicative Arts and Native American Studies at Pembroke State University in North Carolina, provides a point counterpoint on the question of whether students' dialects interfere with their ability to read. He suggests three specific actions to which educators concerned with reading instruction might turn their efforts in order to enhance the quality of such instruction for students who normally use a dialect other than standard.

Quick Reviews, Nancy Weddle

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

No abstract available.

Reading Horizons Vol. 21, No. 1

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Complete issue of Reading Horizons volume 21, issue 1.

Sowing The Seeds Of Trouble: An Historical Analysis Of Compliance Structures In Child Welfare, Terry Gibson, Mary R. Lewis

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Anitai Etzioni's concept of compliance structures is used as a focus for historical analysis of the organizational structures through which chld welfare services have been offered in the U. S. This article shows how a dual compliance structure arose, both normative and coercive, but with more emphasis on the coercive. The expansion of public child welfare services since 1935, especially foster care and placement services rather than in-home services, has drawn public attention to widespread ineffectiveness. Stress and strain are particularly intense at the service delivery level. Yet the problems and social polices have not been analyzed in terms of …

Social Work And Social Welfare: A Conceptual Matrix, Louis Levitt

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Through a structural-functional analysis, the relationship between the profession of social work and the institution of social welfare is examined. Social welfare Is defined as an institution concerned with those legitimated needs of people which relate to the quality of life which cannot be met in the marketplace. The central mission of the institution of social welfare is seen in three dimensions: social control, humanitarianism and feedback to society of patterns of social hurt which prevent the achievement of humanitarian aspirations and threaten the stability of the social order.

Institution provides one set of coordinates to the grid of social …

Sociological Precedents And Contributions To The Understanding And Facilitation Of Individual Behavioral Change: The Case For Counseling Sociology, Clifford M. Black, Richard Enos

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This article clarifies the distinction between clinical and counseling sociology and provides some direction for the practice of counseling sociology. This is accomplished by a consideration first, of sociological contributions to the understanding and facilitation of individual behavior and its change, and second, of historical precedents in the field.