Digital Commons Network^™

"All Hail The Real Queens Of The Universe”: The Impact And Lived Experience Of Social Media On Body Dissatisfaction And Mood., Rosemary Porter, Katie Lingmai

Linfield University Student Symposium: A Celebration of Scholarship and Creative Achievement

Limited research has evaluated comments' effects on social media posts. Prior investigations have narrowly focused on negative body image measures after viewing idealized bodies. We extended this work to examine the impact of non-ideal images among 557 cis-gender women and 49 gender-diverse individuals (MAge=23.49). Participants were randomly assigned to one of eight conditions in the 2 (time:pre/post) X 2 (image: deal/non-ideal) X 4 (comment:no comment, reinforcing, challenging, reinforcing+challenging comment) mixed-model design. After completing pre-test measures, participants viewed 13 Instagram-like images standardized in a pilot study to be similar in age, attractiveness, and photo quality, but differing in body shape/size. Comments …

Online Or In-Person: What Mode Of Conversation Makes People Feel The Most Socially Connected?, Nathan P. Gheorghita, Cynthia D. Mohr, Maryann Samson, Sheila Mccabe, Julia Lynch

Student Research Symposium

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, people have been spending significantly more time online. Today, people spend an average of 6 hours and 58 minutes online every day, and much of this time is spent socializing via various platforms. Many studies have examined the benefits and risks of socializing online, but few studies have examined online conversations specifically. In this study I aim to uncover the differences in perceived social connection based on the medium of conversation. To do this, I will administer the Connectedness During Conversations Scale (CDCS) to a sample of Portland State University students (N=80). The …

Adverse Childhood Experiences And Their Correlation To College Major, Rachel Ling Xiu Held

Helm's School of Government Conference - 2021-2024

The term adverse childhood experiences or ACEs for short, is well known in many fields of study including criminal justice, psychology, social work, and education. There are a multitude of studies that compare ACEs with other risk factors, use ACEs as a comparison tool with other behavioral issues, as well as linking ACEs to criminality, mental health disorders, and physical health. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been identified as a key risk factor for a range of negative life outcomes, including a strong correlation in juvenile delinquency and crime. Despite many works regarding adverse childhood experiences and the ACE test, …

Associations Between Temperamental Negative Affectivity And Parental Anxiety Across Childhood, Jessica M. Templeton, Tess A. Simpson, Wallace E. Dixon Jr, Chelsea Robertson, Diana Morelen

Appalachian Student Research Forum

Extant research suggests a link between child temperamental negativity and parental anxiety and depression. However, most studies focus on temperamental negativity generally, and over fairly short longitudinal time spans. The present study extended the time span well beyond immediate postnatal infancy and explored associations between specific child temperament dimensions, both positive and negative, and parental psychopathology. We expected positive relationships between temperamental negative affectivity and parental mental health problems, but an inverse relation involving temperamental effortful control. Data were collected on child temperament, and parental anxiety and depression, using a cross-sectional design and anonymous survey methodology across five child age …

Testing Assumptions About Laboratory Protocol Fidelity, Tess A. Simpson, Wallace E. Dixon Jr., Albany Guyer

Appalachian Student Research Forum

A recent focus of our Program for the Study of Infancy is the extent to which lab assistants retain fidelity when implementing experimental protocols. Dixon et al. showed that experimenters’ implementations of some aspects of standardized protocols can be influenced by infants’ temperaments. Ellefson and Oppenheimer further found that procedural deviations reduce effect sizes and lead to heterogeneity of findings. In this project, we evaluated archival videos involving experimenters’ implementations of two elicited imitation tasks, “Feed Bear” and “Make a Rattle.” In both tasks, experimenters were assumed to adhere to a narrative script and procedure, which included familiarizing infants with …

Reproductive Justice: Sacred Activism In Two Dimensions, Kathleen Dodge

Thinking Matters Symposium

This project explains the value of the Black feminist intersectional theoretical framework that the Reproductive Justice movement utilizes, and places this in conversation with Jungian depth psychology, which offers a powerful and complementary symbolic language with which to understand the deeper potentialities of this movement’s response to reproductive bio-politics of control. Research included a close reading of texts in intersectional theory, reproductive justice, and feminist and racially conscious revisions of the analytical psychology of Carl G. Jung. I contend that the Reproductive Justice Movement, organizing from intersectional locations of the most marginalized, are aiding in Jung’s Individuation Process in the …

The Negative Relationship Between Religiosity And Substance Use, Meredith A. Jordan, Lauren Ledford, Mary Jo Oliver, Andrea D. Clements

Appalachian Student Research Forum

The negative association between religiosity and substance abuse is well established in previous literature. Scholarly research continues to find support for both intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity functioning as protective factors against substance abuse with intrinsic religiosity’s negative correlation with substance use being more established in literature than extrinsic religiosity. This study focuses on the relationship between college student intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity, measured by the Intrinsic/Extrinsic Religiosity Scale and substance use, measured by the Texas Christian University Drug Screen-5 (TCUDS-5). The Intrinsic/Extrinsic Religiosity Scale and the TCUDS-5 are well established instruments with historically high internal consistency. We hypothesized that there …

Risk And Protective Factors For Depression And Anxiety In Pcos, Baylee Armstrong, Taylor Phillips, Natalie Wilson, Kelsey Braun, Stacey Williams Ph.D

Appalachian Student Research Forum

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, PCOS, is an endocrine condition among individuals born with ovaries. Though the condition name refers to the underdeveloped follicles as multiple cysts on the ovary, individuals living with PCOS frequently encounter menstrual irregularity, hirsutism (male-patterned body/facial hair), acne, and obesity. Prior research has noted that PCOS also is associated with psychological outcomes, most notably increased risk for depression and anxiety. However, relative to large amount of medical research on PCOS, few studies have examined these psychological outcomes and their etiology. Work is needed that uncovers the connection between the risks (e. g., stigma, weight bias, and quality …

Tactics & Tenacity: The Effects Of A Fantasy-Based Tabletop Role-Playing Game On The Decision-Making Skills Of Young Adults, Alberta P. Lirio, Jacquelyn D. Cabatay, Chelsea Dominique O. Pongan, Ashley Yvone S. Tsang

DLSU Senior High School Research Congress

Decision-making is an essential factor for role-playing games (RPGs), especially in tabletop role-playing games (T.T.R.P.G.) like Dungeons & Dragons (D&D). The utilization of RPGs in the past was for studies performed on the rational decision-making processes involving land reformation. D&D aided in examining the player’s experiences when exploring oneself. Backed by previous studies, the research focused on the Rational Choice Theory (R.T.C.) and the Rational Choice Model (R.C.M.) to examine and calculate the benefits derived from the decisions made by the experienced and inexperienced players within a D&D campaign. The research team used R.C.M. to assess whether or not the …

What Is An Adult?: A Prototype Analysis Of Attributes Of Adulthood, Katie Russell, Allie Walter, Paris Green

Linfield University Student Symposium: A Celebration of Scholarship and Creative Achievement

Emerging adulthood is described by Arnett (2000) as a recent developmental period, between the stages of adolescence and young adulthood. To understand the transition into adulthood, it is necessary to understand the definition of what an adult is, from the perspective of the general public. In the current study, a bottom-up approach is used to understand people’s perceptions of adulthood through a prototype analysis, a procedure modeled from Kearns and Fincham (2004). 122 participants were recruited through snowball sampling on social media sites and classroom advertisements. Participants ranged from 18-62 years old. They completed an online questionnaire asking: “What is …

Deconstructing La Femme Rompue By Simone De Beauvoir Using Psychological Theories Of The Feminine., Emma Lockyer

COLA Research and Creativity Conference

Per gender roles and society norms, women are sensitive and become attached. This view is supported by psychological theories to understand the behavior of women in stressful situations. In Simone de Beauvoir's La femme rompue , published in 1967, the protagonist, Monique, learns that her husband has been cheating on her for eight years. Instead of leaving him, she comes to terms with the new reality of her husband’s double life by attempting not to be bothered by the rejection she is facing. As her husband becomes more involved with his mistress, Monique finds it harder to hide her true …

Pop Culture Characters As Role Models And Their Effects On Self-Esteem, Casey Watson

COLA Research and Creativity Conference

This study will look at the self-esteem of college students due pop culture “role models” that they had growing up. The most popular characters to this generation of are superheroes and the Disney princesses. The study looks at how the characters’ masculinity, femininity, and the gender had effects on the self-esteem of these developing adults. The importance of this study is to see how pop culture effects the self-esteem of their audiences. Pop culture is a huge part of today’s culture and if something is going to be a big part of life, we should look at how it effects …

Fathers Are Helping, Mothers Are Hovering: Differential Effects Of Helicopter Parenting In College First-Year Students, Livy Zienty, Dr. Jamie Nordling

Celebration of Learning

Self-Determination Theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1991) states that humans have three critical needs – autonomy, competence, and relatedness – that are necessary for optimal development. The current study posits that helicopter parenting (i.e., excessive parental involvement and attention) may interfere with the development of these needs; previous research has found links among helicopter parenting, greater mental health symptomatology, and decreased autonomy (Schiffrin et al., 2014). The current study focused on first-year college students who were experiencing significant changes in social and academic domains. It was hypothesized that first-year students with helicopter parents would be more likely to experience negative …

Her Huntington: Helping Women In Need, Alicia Carper, Allysa Hess, Kasey Lobo, Amanda Rider, Rodney Sorrell, Denae Williams

COLA Research and Creativity Conference

Rates of homelessness have lowered by 5.6% in West Virginia since 2016 (U.S. Department of Housing and Development, 2017). However, it remains an issue in Cabell County with an estimated 205 sheltered, and an unknown number of unsheltered, individuals in 2015 (WV Department of Health and Human Resources, 2016). Furthermore, funding for homeless shelters is being cut nationally (Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, 2017). In order to combat homelessness, individuals need a reliable source of income, but in West Virginia the unemployment rate is 5.1%. (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2017). Additionally, individuals facing homelessness encounter difficult barriers when seeking …

Predicting Patients' Trust In Physicians From Personality Variables, Ethnicity, And Gender, Zoreed A. Mukhtar

Digital Repository: Showcase of Undergraduate Research Excellence

No abstract provided.

The 'Nayirah' Effect: The Role Of Target States’ Human Rights Violations And Victims’ Emotive Images In War Support, Joseph Braun, Kiyoung Chang

Biennial Conference: The Social Practice of Human Rights

When a target state violates human rights, how does the identity of the victims and the presence of emotive imagery affect the level of public support for interventionist war? How does the perceived race and gender of victims affect this relationship? We employ a survey experiment to study whether and when information about a target state’s human rights violations affects public attitudes toward the use of force. Specifically, we manipulate a fictional victim’s race (light-skinned vs. dark-skinned) and gender (male vs. female), and explore how these variations affect support for interventionist war. In our experiment, we find that war support …

Give Me Some Space: How Is Nonverbal Behavior Influenced By Gender And Weight?, Kasey Morgan Lobo

COLA Research and Creativity Conference

Weight stigma exists in society and social interactions, as smaller individuals tend to avoid close proximity to larger individuals (Puhl & Brownell, 2001). The current study aimed to investigate if personal distance in public settings was directly influenced by gender and weight. There were two general hypotheses for the present work. First, it was predicted that individuals would stand closer to those who were moderately similar in terms of weight than those who were completely similar in both gender and weight, moderately similar in gender, or completely dissimilar. Second, it was predicted that individuals would stand closer to smaller women, …

How Big Is Your Bubble? Effects Of Race And Gender On Personal Space, Alicia T. Pelfrey

COLA Research and Creativity Conference

When individuals interact in a public setting, non-verbal behavior may demonstrate preferences or biases toward others. For example, research suggests that women only need to flash a smile to appear non-threatening to others in public settings (Hall, 1993). Furthermore, Blacks may experience prejudice through non-verbal behavior in interracial interactions (Dovidio, Kawakani, & Gaertner, 2002). The present research sought to investigate non-verbal behavior in terms of gender and race. Specifically, 120 individuals were observed as they stood in line at various locations in Huntington, West Virginia. The distance between individuals was estimated and recorded. There were two hypotheses for the present …

Marshall Community Trans Clothing Closet, Olivia Barlas, Margaret Clark, Taylor Estes, Tayler Stamey, Ashlee Vandruff, Keith Bell

COLA Research and Creativity Conference

In the United States it is estimated that 1.4 million adults are transgender (Flores, Herman, Gates, & Brown, 2016), and West Virginia leads the country with the largest number of teens, 13-17 years of age, who identify as transgender (1.04%; Herman, Flores, Brown, Williams, & Conron, 2017). Many transgender teens are financially cut off by their families (Lambda Legal, 2017), and transgender Americans are four times more likely than the general population to report a household income of less than $10,000 (Center for American Progress, 2015). This is especially concerning because 87% of transgender individuals report having completed at least …

Non-Binary Living In A Binary World: The Unlabeled Experience, Sawyer D. Piwetz, Katricia D.F. Stewart, Yanna J. Weisberg, Tanya L. Tompkins

Linfield University Student Symposium: A Celebration of Scholarship and Creative Achievement

Both popular media and social science research suggest that gender/sexual identities and roles that have dominated western society are being challenged (Budgeon, 2014). Heteronormative assumptions and the gender binary are rapidly evolving to capture experiences that reflect greater diversity (Diamond, 2005; Nagoshi et al., 2012), including those that extend beyond labels. We surveyed 915 individuals regarding their gender identity, sexual orientation, and numerous psychological measures related to well-being, in order to understand the experience of those who choose to remain unlabeled. The data would suggest that those not ascribing to the gender binary have lower reported satisfaction with life across …

Reaction Time Differences In Video Game And Non-Video Game Players, Benjamin Richardson

Symposium Of University Research and Creative Expression (SOURCE)

This study represents the first phase of a broader study investigating potential brain processing differences between video gamers and non-gamers. The purpose of the current study was to investigate reaction times to visual stimuli in individuals who regularly play action games versus individuals who do not. Stimuli used were based on the visual oddball paradigm in which participants respond to standard and rare occurring visual targets. Results indicate that the speed of decision-making and reaction are increased for those who regularly play video games, and had started playing video games at a younger age. Findings suggest an interacting effect of …

What Almost Kills You Makes Your Memory Stronger: Cancer Diagnosis Memories, Angeline Modesti, Renato Puga

Undergraduate Research Conference

Affect, rehearsal, and consequentiality were examined as flashbulb memories components of three different types of tentatively life threatening events: receiving a cancer diagnosis (N = 43), experiencing a car accident (N = 74), and childhood injury experienced by the child, or parent who witnessed or heard about the incident (N = 158). Cancer diagnoses yielded significantly higher levels of detail in free recall narratives as wel as probed questions, despite having low vividness.

Volunteer Activities And Self-Esteem, Viviana Vasquez

Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium

While prior studies have found a relationship between volunteerism and self-esteem, results are inconclusive for college students. The current study examined students attending a small, private, Christian liberal arts college to determine whether students who engage in volunteer activities with direct contact with the individuals they are serving would report higher levels of self-esteem. Results indicated that there was no significant difference between the amount of direct contact a participant engaged in at his/her volunteer site and his/her self-esteem. However, results demonstrated that females report higher levels of direct contact at their volunteer sites and are more likely to report …

An Exploration Of Gender Roles And Communication In Emerging Adulthood, Francesca Guglielmi

Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium

What did you say? A common expression uttered by males and females reflects a potential lack of understanding between the sexes. Gender and communication is not a new area, but it is an under researched area within emerging adulthood. Traditionally, development progressed from adolescence to young adulthood, but changes in today’s modern society have altered the typical pattern of "growing up". High school graduates are no longer forced into adult roles—careers and marriage—but are able to spend their late teens through mid-twenties exploring a variety of opportunities (Arnett, 2007). As a relatively new developmental stage, emerging adulthood has not been …

Oregon Psychologists On Prescriptive Authority: Divided Views And Little Knowledge, Jessica C. Lucas, Jenna D. Johnson, Amber N. Hay, Allyna M. Murray, Robyn A. Dolson, Tanya L. Tompkins

Science and Social Sciences

With over half of all states having considered legislating prescriptive authority, an immense amount of time and money has been invested. The literature is limited in terms of understanding if opinions toward prescriptive authority are grounded in knowledge and what implications that has for altering these opinions. Following a veto of a prescriptive authority bill in Oregon, 399 licensed Oregon clinical psychologists were surveyed regarding their attitudes and knowledge. In terms of knowledge, only 6.5% knew which three states/territories currently have prescriptive authority and 70.4% were unfamiliar with any of the prerequisites for postdoctoral training in psychopharmacology. Reflecting division, 43.4% …

“Here I Come To Save The Day!” Does Parental Mediation Moderate Associations Between Superhero Exposure And Behavior In Young Boys?, Helena Frueh, Cynthia Garcia, Jennifer Linder, Sarah Coyne

Science and Social Sciences

Studies have shown that superheroes are very popular among preschool boys, but research on the effect of exposure to superhero media and toys is limited. Superheroes frequently use aggression to defend others, and certain characteristics of superheroes encourage wishful identification among boys. However, it is unknown whether superhero exposure and identification is associated with aggression, prosocial behaviors, or behaviors with the purpose of defending others. Parental active mediation of media (i.e discussions of media content) can reduce the negative effects of aggressive content by modifying children’s perceptions of aggression. This study aimed to examine the associations between superhero exposure/identification and …

A Cross-Cultural Look At Co-Rumination, Self-Disclosure, Friendship, Relational Concerns And Emotional Adjustment, Mengni T. Brown, Tanya L. Tompkins

Science and Social Sciences

Rose (2002) first defined co-rumination as extensive problem-focused talk, and it has been found to be associated with both depression/anxiety and friendship quality. However, our understanding of co-rumination is limited by an exclusive focus on Western samples of mostly children/adolescents. Thus, the primary aim of the current study is to investigate the construct validity of co-rumination in an Asian sample by examining associations among rumination, co-rumination, emotional adjustment, self-disclosure and friendship quality. We predict that Asians will report lower levels of co-rumination, and we expect gender differences in co-rumination to replicate cross-culturally.

224 Asian students (69 men, 153 women) from …