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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
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Abuse Histories Among Female Inmates, Magann Jordan
Abuse Histories Among Female Inmates, Magann Jordan
UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations
The current study explores the extent and the consequences of one's prior history of physical and sexual abuse on criminal behavior of female offenders. Using a sample of incarcerated women, it will first investigate the prevalence of prior abuse (sexual and physical) among female offenders. Survey responses will then be analyzed to assess psychological problems and possible criminal patterns that are related to abuse history. Specifically, the study examines whether prior abuses are risk factors for committing particular types of criminal offenses. The results of this study are then discussed in terms of their implication for criminological theory and public …
Specialization In The Criminal Careers Of Sex Offenders, Jodi K Olson
Specialization In The Criminal Careers Of Sex Offenders, Jodi K Olson
UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations
Recent public policy has been implemented with the assumption that sex offenders are highly motivated and tend to exhibit specialization and compulsivity in their offending patterns. Past research has not been able to confirm or invalidate this assumption, and has reflected many inconsistencies when drawing conclusions about sex offender profiles and career trajectories; Drawing upon a national sample of offenders, the current study examines the degree of specialization in the criminal careers of sex offenders and other groups of offenders. Results from the adjacent specialization analyses of the general offense categories indicated that sex offenders are among the least specialized …
Metricizing' Non-Metric Craniofacial Traits: Application Of Three Dimensional Geometric Morphometric Analysis To Ancestral Identification, Summer Joy Decker
Metricizing' Non-Metric Craniofacial Traits: Application Of Three Dimensional Geometric Morphometric Analysis To Ancestral Identification, Summer Joy Decker
UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations
Non-metric traits are commonly used by anthropologists to distinguish between groups for such things as age, sex, and even ancestry. However, many non-metric traits cannot be measured with traditional osteological tools. While these traditional methods are useful, they do not take individual variation into account. This thesis uses geometric morphometric coordinate data to 'metricize' such traits and to evaluate their accuracy of correctly assigning unknown individuals to statistically defined groups; A 3-D digitizer was used to collect data from 39 craniofacial landmarks to capture the form of several phenotypic facial characteristics. The sample consisted of individuals from four different geographic …
Culture Clash: Making The Case For A New Paradigm In Police Cultural Training, Hal S Edwards
Culture Clash: Making The Case For A New Paradigm In Police Cultural Training, Hal S Edwards
UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations
Hiring standards in most police agencies result in most officer candidates having little, if any, meaningful exposure to the "oppositional" culture of the urban, minority poor. Given the current popularity of the Community Oriented Policing paradigm---with its emphasis on positive police/community relations---current police hiring and training practices handicap police agencies in their efforts to gain the trust of urban, minority communities. A content analysis of United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division investigations under the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (42 U.S.C. 14141) was found to support the hypothesis that the interface between the police …
Consideration Of Race/Ethnicity In Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment Outcome Studies, Marilyn J Strada
Consideration Of Race/Ethnicity In Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment Outcome Studies, Marilyn J Strada
UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations
Substance use among youth continues to be a major concern in the United States. Several treatments have been developed for youth, but their external validity racially/ethnically diverse populations have not been evaluated for use in ethnic populations. The purpose of this paper was to examine the extent to which adolescent substance use treatment outcome studies have considered race/ethnicity-related factors in the design, implementation, and evaluation of treatments to determine degree of generalizability in racially/ethnically diverse populations. The findings underscored (1) discrepancies between treatment needs of racially/ethnically diverse youth and substances targeted in treatment, (2) the urgent need to focus on …
Pathological Gambling And Substance Abuse In The Las Vegas Arrestee Population, Jeffrey Michael Groebner
Pathological Gambling And Substance Abuse In The Las Vegas Arrestee Population, Jeffrey Michael Groebner
UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations
There has been extensive literature on the nature of pathological gambling and substance abuse on criminal offending; however, most of what is known about these disorders stem from clinical populations and the general population. Both of these populations differ from arrestee populations; therefore, our understanding about the disorders remains limited. This is a study among the arrestee population utilizing data collected in Las Vegas detention centers during a federally funded research project that monitors the extent and nature of drug abuse. In addition to the program, a Gambling Addendum was administered to all willing participants; Findings support a greater prevalence …
Cultivation Of Fear Of Blacks In Las Vegas Television News Media, Mark Leigh Curry
Cultivation Of Fear Of Blacks In Las Vegas Television News Media, Mark Leigh Curry
UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations
This study was a content analysis of Las Vegas television news ( N = 1,145) and was designed to determine whether the potential exists for media consumers in the Las Vegas market to become fearful due to the overrepresentation of crime committed by Black offenders. One research question and two hypotheses were generated for this study. Research question one asked if there was an inverse relationship existing between media reports of index crimes and actual data offered by the State of Nevada Department of Motor Vehicles and Public Safety, and was supported. There was partial support for hypothesis one. Results …
Positively Identifying Children As Citizens: A Call For Parallel Due Process Rights, Margot Elizabeth Rudy
Positively Identifying Children As Citizens: A Call For Parallel Due Process Rights, Margot Elizabeth Rudy
UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations
This work addresses the need for parallel due process rights for children by investigating the nature of juvenile welfare policies that affect abused and neglected children by focusing on the Adoption Safe Families Act. Upon the settlement of the U.S., common law from England, known as parens patriae, has governed the juvenile justice system. This common law has recognized children are indeed a State interest and that a child is a different type of citizen than an adult. Because children are dependant on their parents and not seen as full-fledged citizens, the State has assumed the responsibility of ensuring that …
Children With Disabilities In The Juvenile Justice System, Renetta M Stevens
Children With Disabilities In The Juvenile Justice System, Renetta M Stevens
UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations
Children and youth with disabilities are over represented in the juvenile justice system. Studies show that a lack of compliance, monitoring and enforcement of the mandates of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) exists. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship, if any, of the over representation of children and youth in the juvenile justice system and a deficiency in providing special education supports and services as mandated by the IDEA. The files of children and youth presently involved in the juvenile justice system were reviewed for this study and the available educational records, of those …
Community Notification Laws And Sex Offender Recidivism: A Study Of State Laws In Pre And Post Time Periods, Rachel Katherine Abrams
Community Notification Laws And Sex Offender Recidivism: A Study Of State Laws In Pre And Post Time Periods, Rachel Katherine Abrams
UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations
In response to public concern, all states currently have some form of a sex offender community notification law. The enactment of these sex offender laws has sparked many debates regarding their implications and overall effectiveness. Sex offender community notification laws differ in their restrictiveness between states, which, in turn, may affect the overall effectiveness of these laws. The current study examines secondary data on released sex offenders before and after implementation of community notification laws. Three different states with available pre and post notification data on their released offenders in 1994 were used for analysis; Upon examination of these state …
Belief In A Just World Among Undergraduates, Graduate Students, And Law Students, Joseph F Boetcher
Belief In A Just World Among Undergraduates, Graduate Students, And Law Students, Joseph F Boetcher
UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations
Participants were 135 undergraduates, graduate students, and law students. They were compared on the strength of their belief in a just world. In addition, half the participants were primed with a word task that threatened their belief in a just world. It was hypothesized that the law students would exhibit a stronger belief in a just world than the other two educational groups, and that the primed participants would score higher in just world belief than the non-primed participants. Results failed to support the research hypotheses. Possible interpretations of the results are discussed, and recommendations for future research are offered.
Determining Capable Guardians In Rape Incidents, Alicia A Boots
Determining Capable Guardians In Rape Incidents, Alicia A Boots
UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations
Crime prevention is crucial to safeguard individual freedom and maintain social order. This is especially true in rape incidents as consequences may have long-lasting physical and mental effects on individual victims and great social costs. This study employs the routine activities theory to examine whether and how capable guardians (e.g., the presence of bystanders, the use of physical resistance, forceful verbal resistance or non-forceful verbal resistance) are likely to affect rape outcomes; A sample of 638 females who were the victim of a single offender male perpetrated rape incident was drawn from the National Crime Victimization Survey, ranging from 1992 …