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Articles 1 - 24 of 24
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Targeted Reinnervation, Yonatan Levi Moshayev
Targeted Reinnervation, Yonatan Levi Moshayev
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
The following is an excerpt from the introduction of this paper: Imagine living a life where even the simplest of tasks such as eating a grape or holding an egg required intense concentration and months of training. Until recently, this was the harsh reality for people with upper limb prostheses. Currently, the most common upper limb prosthetic technology being used is body powered. These devices capture remaining shoulder movements with a harness and transfer this movement through a cable to operate the hand, wrist, or elbow. With this control method, only one joint can be operated at a time. When …
Modified-Release Drugs, Chedva Farkas
Modified-Release Drugs, Chedva Farkas
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
The following is an excerpt from the introduction to this article: Ever since the discovery of bacteria and their role in the disease process in the mid-1800s, scientists have been heavily involved in the discovery and development of drug therapies and their mechanism of action in the human body. Shortly after the initial discovery came the era of drug discovery of the late 1800s-early 1900s, also known as the “drug revolution” (Dash and Cudworth 1998). Although the drug revolution led to the rapid discovery of many new drugs, pharmacological factors such as dosage forms, drug delivery systems, plasma drug levels, …
Molecular Mechanism Of Xy Gonadal Dysgenesis, Griendy Indig-Weingarten
Molecular Mechanism Of Xy Gonadal Dysgenesis, Griendy Indig-Weingarten
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
One of the fundamentals of human sociology is the characterization of the people around us based on gender. We tend to think of gender as a strict binary system where the option is clear: boy or girl. Although society usually honors this dichotomy, biology allows more flexibility to the definition of male versus female. Estimates state that one in every 2000 births is one with a disorder of sex development (The Intersex Society of North America 2006). Some of the disorders are visually obvious while others are only discovered later on in life. Regardless of when the disease first becomes …
Treatment Options For Parkinson’S Disease, Sara Russ
Treatment Options For Parkinson’S Disease, Sara Russ
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
The following is an excerpt from this article: Parkinson’s disease was first described and named Paralysis Agitans in 1817 by British physician James Parkinson (Lieberman 2004). Later on, it took on its current name after Dr. Parkinson. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurological disorder for which the cause is yet to be discovered. Like many other diseases, PD has numerous facets. Throughout all of its different stages, it presents with motor, as well as nonmotor, symptoms (Simuni et al. 2009). Though estimates of people affected by PD are constantly being made, it is difficult to determine a precise and accurate …
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: How Can It Be Told Apart From Neurodegenerative Diseases Of The Elderly?, Raphael C. Zohn
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: How Can It Be Told Apart From Neurodegenerative Diseases Of The Elderly?, Raphael C. Zohn
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) affects more of the older population than people recognize. The underestimation of this neurological condition is due in most part to the overlap of its symptoms to other forms of dementia as well as many other geriatric conditions. The objective of this paper was to research and contrast various methods of differentiation in the diagnosis of normal pressure hydrocephalus as well as find pretreatment indicators of successful surgery. Methods included reviewing of articles and studies done to evaluate which symptoms are most commonly presented in normal pressure hydrocephalus and their subtle differences from the symptoms of …
Anorexia Nervosa: Current Research From A Biological Perspective, Udy Tropp
Anorexia Nervosa: Current Research From A Biological Perspective, Udy Tropp
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Eating disorders are viewed as serious mental illnesses, carrying significant, life-threatening medical and psychiatric implications, including morbidity and mortality. According to the Academy of Eating Disorders, anorexia nervosa has the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disorder. The American Psychiatric Association (2004) claims that approximately three percent of the United States female population has a clinically relevant eating disorder. Risk of premature death is 6-12 times higher in women with anorexia as compared to the general population, and it has become the third most common form of chronic illness among adolescent women aged 15 to 19 years. Although the prevalence …
Benefits Versus Costs Of Statin Drugs, Sara Shilcrat
Benefits Versus Costs Of Statin Drugs, Sara Shilcrat
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Statins have been prescribed to the masses as primary and secondary prevention for coronary disease caused by hypercholesterolemia after their initial discovery in the late 1980s. Their actions in reducing low-density lipoproteins and increasing high-density lipoproteins are well documented; however, many negative effects have been reported related to muscle pathology and kidney function. The goal of this study is to investigate whether the benefits of this class of drugs outweigh the costs. Intense review of the literature was conducted using scholarly articles with original research findings that were located via electronic databases such as Medline, Science Direct, Proquest Medical Library, …
Is Laughter The Best Medicine? An Evaluation Of The Physiological Effects Of Laughter, Annette Dalezman
Is Laughter The Best Medicine? An Evaluation Of The Physiological Effects Of Laughter, Annette Dalezman
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Laughter directly affects one’s physiology. Laughter causes various muscle contractions which, in turn, affect body systems. Specifically, the cardiovascular, immune, and respiratory systems are impacted by laughter. Stress levels and pain tolerance thresholds are also directly impacted by laughter. Research has been done on the effects of laughter in patients with cancer, dementia, and atopic dermatitis. Based on the review of multiple experiments, a direct correlation between laughter and multiple body systems and diseases seems to exist.
Imatinib Resistance In Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, Rivky Kops
Imatinib Resistance In Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, Rivky Kops
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a disorder of blood stem cells in bone marrow, which leads to a rapid production of white blood cells. Of the patients diagnosed with CML, 95% have the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome, which means that chromosome 22 is smaller than regular (22 q-). Historically, the median survival time for chronic phase CML patients was four to five years, while the accelerated and blast (profusion of immature red blood cells in circulation) phases had a much shorter survival time. Recently, due to the revolutionary new drug imatinib, CML patients diagnosed early have a higher survival rate. Nevertheless, …
Quest For Vaccines To Treat Addiction, Rachel Florence
Quest For Vaccines To Treat Addiction, Rachel Florence
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Drug addiction is a prime example of biochemical psychology. When people use drugs such as nicotine, they trigger dopamine receptors in the brain, causing a pleasurable sensation. People want to repeat the feeling and thus get addicted to the drug. With the development of a vaccine to treat addiction, researchers attempt to prevent drugs from crossing over the bloodbrain barrier and triggering the dopamine receptors. Experiments and clinical trials prove the efficacy of the nicotine vaccine. However, Phase III trials and additional research are necessary before the vaccine can be launched for public use.
Do Photoperiodic Changes In Melatonin Secretion Detrimentally Affect The Female Reproductive Cycle?, Riki Szlafrok
Do Photoperiodic Changes In Melatonin Secretion Detrimentally Affect The Female Reproductive Cycle?, Riki Szlafrok
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Melatonin, better known as "the hormone of darkness," is secreted by the pineal gland during the night and helps us fall asleep. Because its internal regulation depends on light, melatonin is part of chronobiology, the study of biological mechanisms and their adaptations to lunar and solar related rhythms (Klein et al. 1991). Therefore, photoperiod changes greatly impact melatonin concentration, influencing changes in neuronal and hormonal mechanisms of the photo neuro-endocrine systems, namely reproduction. Research has shown that a disruption in the circadian rhythm of melatonin due to photoperiod changes detrimentally affects the rhythmic function of the female reproductive cycle. Research …
Cd4+Cd25+Regulatory T Cells And Their Role In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Sara Shilcrat
Cd4+Cd25+Regulatory T Cells And Their Role In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Sara Shilcrat
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
The following is an excerpt from the introduction of this paper: Systemic lupus erythematosus, or SLE, is an autoimmune disease that currently has no known cause or cure (Postal et al. 2012; Okamoto et al. 2011). According to the Lupus Foundation of America, 1.5 million Americans are thought to be suffering from SLE. It is found in females ages 15-44 but may also been seen in men, teens, and children (Lupus Foundation of America 2012). It is characterized by the loss of the immune system’s ability to discern between “self” and foreign antigens. This leads to autoantibody production, abundant production …
How Biological And Non-Biological Disease Modifying Drugs Are Used In The Treatment Of Rheumatoid Arthritis, Esther Mantel
How Biological And Non-Biological Disease Modifying Drugs Are Used In The Treatment Of Rheumatoid Arthritis, Esther Mantel
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
The following is an excerpt from the introduction to this article: Rheumatoid arthritis is a long-term disease that leads to chronic inflammation of the joints and the surrounding tissue. Effects of the inflammation are pain and destruction of the bone and cartilage, which leads to severe disability and, possibly, shorter life expectancy. That is why early diagnosis and aggressive treatment is a fundamental strategy to stop the progression of the disease and suppress the inflammation before the damage is irreversible.
Delayed Versus Early Umbilical Cord Clamping, Bracha Yaffa Sachs
Delayed Versus Early Umbilical Cord Clamping, Bracha Yaffa Sachs
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Immediate cord clamping is a part of the active management of the third stage of labor. Active management is standard birth protocol because it significantly reduces the risk of maternal postpartum hemorrhaging. However, since recent evidence advocates delayed cord clamping, various medical practitioners and health organizations would like to incorporate delayed cord clamping in place of immediate cord clamping as a part of standard birth protocol. Proposed benefits include a serious decline in the prevalence of anemia, especially, in countries where anemia is endemic, as well as a decrease in the risk of intraventricular hemorrhage and late onset sepsis. Although …
Biological Engineering: Advances And Methods, Joel Schwartz
Biological Engineering: Advances And Methods, Joel Schwartz
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
The last few decades have seen a tremendous growth in the field of bioengineering. As the need for further treatment and innovation for tissue repair, partial to full organ replication, and gene therapy continues to increase, the field of bioengineering will be tasked with curing and preventing disease and traumatic injuries. The two primary fields currently being focused on in the lab are the way cells interact and communicate to build tissues, and the nature and materials utilized in scaffolding to allow differentiation and migration when cells are seeded. Within those two fields are subsets of different methods, materials that …
Genetically Modified T-Cells Expressing Chimeric Antigen Receptors In The Treatment Of Cancer, Efrat Bruck
Genetically Modified T-Cells Expressing Chimeric Antigen Receptors In The Treatment Of Cancer, Efrat Bruck
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Dr. Carl June and his colleagues at the University of Pennsylvania have succeeded in treating patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia using gene therapy. Two of the three patients treated sustained a complete remission and one a partial remission. The procedure involved transducing the patients’ T cells to express chimeric antigen receptors which target a particular protein found on both healthy and cancerous B cells. Following infusion of the newly transduced T cells, each patient developed clinical symptoms associated with an intense immune response. Shortly thereafter, tumors were completely eliminated in two of the patients and partially eliminated in the third. …
Full Issue: Volume 5, Issue 2
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
No abstract provided.
Epigenetics: A Possible Mechanism Of Memory, Aliza Grossman Rubenstein
Epigenetics: A Possible Mechanism Of Memory, Aliza Grossman Rubenstein
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
The following is an excerpt from the introduction to this article: The mind-body connection has fascinated philosophers and scientists for centuries. How is it possible that consciousness arises from a lump of matter known as the brain? How does neurons’ firing affect choice and beliefs? How do the electrochemical properties of the brain allow for the memory of events long after they’ve occurred? One of the most studied of these areas is that of memory. Researchers seek to understand the biological basis behind memory and how that biology is affected in individuals suffering from memory disorders.
Functional Electrical Stimulation In Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, Meir Hildeshaim
Functional Electrical Stimulation In Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, Meir Hildeshaim
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
The following is an excerpt from the introduction to this article: Spinal cord injury is defined as a “disconnection syndrome” that results in a loss of ability of the spinal cord to communicate ascending and/or descending impulses (Hamid and Hayak 2008). Due to its role as the primary conduit of motor and sensory impulses, spinal cord injury is widely regarded as one of the most catastrophic, survivable injuries a person can suffer. Depending on the severity and placement of the injury, the patient can experience a wide range of disability or death. A mild injury may result in the patient …
Melatonin And Its Effect On Learning And Memory, Nechama Leah Bauman (Cahn)
Melatonin And Its Effect On Learning And Memory, Nechama Leah Bauman (Cahn)
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Melatonin is a neurohormone produced by the pineal gland and secreted into the body in a circadian rhythm. Melatonin is known to be involved in many vital body functions, including sleep, reproduction, and immune response. Exogenous melatonin, sold as over the counter natural supplements in drugstores, is commonly taken by many people to help cure various ailments. Melatonin also plays a role in the hippocampus. This paper investigates the effects of melatonin on long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Long-term potentiation, described as a long-lasting strengthening of synapses between nerve cells, is thought to be responsible for long-term memory retention. It …
Full Issue: Volume 6, Number 1
Full Issue: Volume 6, Number 1
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
No abstract provided.
Noise-Induced Hearing Loss As A Growing Threat To Society, Rachela Greenman
Noise-Induced Hearing Loss As A Growing Threat To Society, Rachela Greenman
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
The purpose of this paper is to determine the exact dangers of leisure music to society, as peoples’ hearing can be negatively impacted by excessive exposure to music, in terms of both duration and sound (dB) level. Two types of studies are analyzed. One study analyzes the effects of concert and disco style music on musicians and party guests, primarily through experiments which test pure-tone audiometry, distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE), and general sound levels of people and places before, during, and after exposure. Another study analyzes the effects of personal listening devices (PLDs) on the population, mainly through studies, …
Artificial Devices As A Viable Alternative To The Conventional Heart Transplant, Hadassah Radzik
Artificial Devices As A Viable Alternative To The Conventional Heart Transplant, Hadassah Radzik
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
The human heart is one of the most vital organs in the body. It distributes blood throughout the body, providing the body with oxygen and nutrition, and contributes to metabolism. When the heart fails, blood flow is impaired, thereby limiting the exchange of oxygen within the cardiopulmonary system as well as diminishing oxygenation and nutrition to the other major organs and periphery. The only current proven treatment for advanced heart failure is cardiac transplant. Given the heart’s importance and the scarcity of donated organs, modern medicine has experimented with the creation of an artificial heart. Because the heart is primarily …
Current Theories On The Human Sex Ratio, Yisroel Cofsky
Current Theories On The Human Sex Ratio, Yisroel Cofsky
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
The human sex ratio is skewed toward males, and this is the subject of much research. A review of some of the theories currently available was conducted, searching and analyzing the current scientific literature. Suggestions to explain the ratio include unequal proportions of X and Y sperm, the effect of maternal diet, maternal testosterone levels, and the natural fluctuations in the consistency of the cervical mucus. Although the difference in X/Y sperm proportions does not adequately explain all the data, the other theories do seem to explain the greater percentage of male births. However, there is still not enough information …