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The Distribution Of Orchids In Iowa, David Niemann

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

08 The Distribution of Orchids

The distribution of the native orchids of Iowa was determined through herbarium and field studies. Twenty-five species have been collected in Iowa: Aplectrum hyemale (Muhl. ex Willd.) Torr., Calopogon tuberosus (L.) BSP., Coeloglossum viride (L.) Harem. var. virescens (Muhl.) Luer, Corallorhiza maculata Raf., Corallorhiza odontorhiza (Willd.) Nutt., Cypripedium calceolus L. var. pubescens (Willd.) Correll, Cypripedium candidum Muhl. ex Willd., Cypripedium reginae Wale., Galearis spectabilis (L.) Raf., Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R. Br., Liparis lilifolia (L.) L. C. Rich., Liparis loeselii (L.) L. C. Rich. , Malaxis unifolia Michx., Platanthera clavellata (Michx.) Luer, Platanthera flava (L.) Lindl. …

Survey Of Some Eastern Iowa Caves For Wintering Bats, Rudy Pruszko, John B. Bowles

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Nineteen caves in the eastern Iowa counties of Dubuque, Jackson, and Jones were surveyed for bat usage during the winter of 1983-84. A total of 1548 hibernating bats of 4 species (Myotis lucifugus, Myotis keenii, Pipistrellus subflavus, and Eptesicus fuscus) were counted in 12 of the caves. Only the previously reported federally endangered Myotis sodalis was not found.

Annotated Bibliography Of Iowa Prairie Literature, Dean M. Roosa, James H. Peck

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

This bibliography contains 335 references by 244 authors on the prairies of Iowa. The references include the taxonomic, floristic, ecologic, physiologic, historical, and wildlife reports on the Iowa prairie. Each reference is annotated to clarify its title and to summarize the contributions or topics discussed.

Bryophytes Of The Loess Hills Of Western Iowa, Judith Van Der Linden, Donald R. Farrar, Steven P. Churchill

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Seventy-nine mosses, 15 liverworts, and one hornwort are reported to occur in the seven Loess Hills counties of Iowa. Barbula acuta is a new state record; 29 species represent new county records. The flora consists primarily of species characteristic of the eastern deciduous forest, but there is also a significant representation of prairie species. Arid climate, absence of extensive bedrock exposures, and absence of non-calcareous soils limit bryophyte diversity in the Loess Hills region.

Flora And Phytogeographical History Of Ledges State Park, Boone County, Iowa, Cindy L. Johnson-Groh, Donald R. Farrar

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The Ledges State Park flora includes 437 species of vascular plants, several of which are unusual for central Iowa. The flora is surprisingly diverse considering its western location. The current distributions and occurrences of plants in the Ledges suggest the influence of historic plant migrations. The Ledges flora is composed of three elements, eastern mesophytic species, southern zerophytic species and northern boreal species. The dissected topography of the Ledges State Park has allowed boreal species, relics of northern forests, to persist in the protected canyon habitats.

Program Abstracts, 97th Session, Iowa Academy Of Science, April 26-27, 1985, Central College

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Ecology Of Iowa Drosophila I. Lowland Forest, Neil J. Jennings, Edward Pilkington, Robert D. Seager

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

We have studied the seasonal abundances of Drosophila species collected from a lowland forest community in northeastern Iowa. Eleven species were collected of which six were collected in appreciable numbers (over 20 individuals). One species, D. affinis, is dominant until early summer when it virtually disappears and a second species, D. tripunctata, becomes dominant. Two other species, D. falleni and D. robusta, also are very common early in the year and collected much less frequently later. It is hypothesized that temperature is a critical factor in determining these seasonal patterns.

Vegetation Communities Of Ledges State Park, Boone County, Iowa, Cindy L. Johnson-Groh

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The vegetation of Ledges State Park was sampled with 54 plots placed in representative plant communities throughout the park. The plots were ordinated by tree species and compared with topography. Seven major vegetation types were defined: Quercus alba type ,Quercus alba-Quercus rubra type, Quercus rubra type, Quercus rubra-Tilia americana type, Tilia americana type,Juglans nigra type, and slump forest type. A vegetation map of the park was constructed using field data and aerial photography. In comparison with eastern Iowa forests, the forests of Ledges State Park are a western extension of the species-rich eastern forests with the addition of xeric …

A Floristic Analysis Of The Attached Diatoms In Selected Areas Of The Upper Mississippi River, Jeffrey B. Vansteenburg, Mark R. Luttenton, Ronald G. Rada

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Attached diatom communities were studied along the border of the main channel of Navigation Pools 5 and 9 of the Upper Mississippi River. A total of 296 diatom taxa representing 42 genera were observed in the study. Approximately 52% of the taxa were common to both pools. The number of taxa was greatest in both study areas during the spring and fall and lowest during the summer. Coccones placentula var. euglypta (Ehr) Cl. usually accounted for ca 50% of the diatom density during the summer in Pool 5, whereas Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta and Navicula tripuntata var. schizonemoides (V …

Iowa's Mammal Fauna: An Era Of Decline, John B. Bowles

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Of the 70 species of mammals reported from Iowa since European settlement, 39 (55%) are extirpated, rare, or declining. Twenty-nine (42%) are not appreciably declining and 2 (3%) are increasing in number and distribution. Continued pressure to clear and row-crop as much land as possible is placing an increasing stress on the mammals of Iowa.

Studies On Silica-Scaled Chrysophytes From Iowa. Ii. Common Synura Species, James L. Wee

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Synura (Synuraceae, Chrysophyceae) includes some of the more common and conspicuous planktonic algal forms in lowa. This genus, with its covering of characteristic overlapping siliceous scales is representative of the Synuraceae. Since 1955 published identifications of species in this family by specialists have not been considered accurate unless they are based on electron microscopy of scales. However, little effort has been made to correlate light microscopy with electron microscopy. In this paper scales are illustrated with transmssion and scanning electron micrographs as well as light micrographs. Four of the most common Synura species are discussed. Three of them, S. uvella …

Studies On Silica-Scaled Chrysophytes From Iowa, James L. Wee, John D. Dodd, Daniele Wujek

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

References in the literature to the silica-scaled chrysophytes of Iowa are few and, since the advent of the electron microscope, identifications of taxa in this group are no longer considered valid without accompanying electron micrographs. Using scanning electron microscopy for critical identifications, eight taxa genera of the Synuraceae are reported here including the first known report of the genus Paraphysomonas from Iowa. From the other two genera, Mallomonas and Synura, only one of the taxa in this paper, Mallomonas pseudocoronata, has been reported from Iowa previously. Mallomonas acaroides var. striatula, M. tonsurata, M. tonsurata var. alpina, M. teilingii, M. pseudocorcnata, …

The Pteridophyte Flora Of Iowa, James H. Peck

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

A floristic study of Iowa pteridophytes is presented based upon extensive herbarium and field work. Historical notes are included on the principal collectors, along with a summary of the accumulation of floristic records. Taxonomic notes are presented on seven taxa new to the state and on six excluded taxa. A flora of 57 species and 3 hybrids is recognized. Floristic notes are presented on the status of the state flora and county floras. The addition of 402 new county records increases the total of county occurrences by 47%. Statements of habitat and distribution are presented with dot maps for the …

The History Of Plant Ecology In Iowa As Reflected In The Proceedings Of The Iowa Academy Of Science, A. G. Van Der Valk

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

All plant ecology papers published in the Proceedings from 1887 to 1973 were identified. On the average only 1.4 papers were published per year. An examination of the number of papers published in successive five-year intervals indicates that there were three distinct periods in the history of plant ecology in Iowa with three individuals dominating each period: 1887-1931 - L. H. Pammel, B. Shimek, and Ada Hayden; 1932-1951 - H. S. Conard, J. M. Aikman, and Ada Hayden; 1952-1971 - J. M. Aikman, R. F. Thorne, and R. Q. Landers. There have been very few active plant ecologists in Iowa, …

Fern Reproduction At Woodman Hollow, Central Iowa: Preliminary Observations And A Consideration Of The Feasibility Of Studying Fern Reproductive Biology In Nature, Donald R. Farrar, Robert D. Gooch

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Field observations of spore availability, gametophyte establishment and survival, and sporophyte production were made over a one-year period. Maximum spore release for most species occurred shortly after spore maturation in mid to late summer, but some spores remained on sporophyte fronds through the winter and were available for germination the following spring. Gametophytes of Cystopteris fragilis, Woodsia obtusa and Adiantum pedatum became established in late summer and fall. Production of sporophytes occurred both in fall and in the following spring. Both gametophytes and juvenile sporophytes survived the winter in relatively unchanged condition. Results indicate that it is feasible and important …

Population Fluctuations Of Some Plant Parasitic Nematodes In The Kalsow Prairie, Iowa, D. P. Schmitt

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The Kalsow Prairie is a 160 acre native tract located in the Clarion-Nicollet-Webster soil association in Pocahontas County, Iowa. It is composed of clay-loam to silty-clay-loam soil that ranged from pH 5.5 to 6.7, except for a soil drift that was 7.6, among the 15 test sites. The organic matter content was 8.5 to 12.9%. Population density changes of selected plant parasitic nematodes were investigated at four bimonthly intervals beginning in February 1968. The dominant nematodes in potholes were Helicotylenchus hydrophilus, Xiphinema chambersi, Tetylenchus;octus, and an undescribed Tylenchorhynchus species. The common nematodes in the drier sites were Tylenchorhynchus maximus, T. …

Responses Of Species In Kalsow Prairie, Iowa, To An April Fire, Mary S. Richards, R. Q. Landers

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Selected prairie species were observed during the first growing season following a prescribed burn on Kalsow Prairie, a mesic tall grass prairie in central Iowa. Changes in dry weight, vegetative cover, and flowering response were measured on burned, unburned and mowed areas. Significant changes were recorded for many species following the burn ranging from a flowering response of prairie dropseed (Sporobolus heterolepis) on burned areas 30 times that on unburned areas to a slight reduction in flowering of bluegrass (Poa pratensis) on burned areas.

Some Diatoms In Lacustrine Sediments Of Pillsbury And Sylvan Lake Beds In Northwest Iowa, James J. Hungerford

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Diatom populations in two cores of lake sediments from Northwest Iowa have been analyzed as part of an investigation into the history of postglacial sediments in this region. The three member strata sequence of sediments indicate lacustrine diatoms were deposited in the upper two members. Diatoms and macroscopic organisms are scarce to non-existent in the deepest member. Evidence indicates that the level where diatom populations were first established represents the original bottom of the lake. Pollens, particularly spruce pollen, found immediately below the upper two members were possibly blown in and mixed with sediments from the receding glacier.

Summer Range And Habitat Preferences Of Bobwhite Quail On A Southern Iowa State Game Area, Lloyd A. Crim, William K. Seitz

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

In June through Aug. 1971, 13 bobwhite quail (9 cocks, 4 hens) were tracked by using radio telemetry techniques to determine summer range and habitat preferences. Of the 13 birds tracked on and near the Mt. Ayr Game Management Area, 7 provided movement data for a period of greater than 4 days. Five of the 7 also provided useful information on habitat preferences. Average lineal daily movement was 442 yards. Average daily range dimensions were 248 (length of range) x 78 (width) yards, and average total range dimensions were 805 x 518 yards. Grassy upland areas were the most prominent …

Growth Of The Fathead Minnow (Pimephales Promelas) In Tertiary Treatment Ponds, John L. Konefes, Roger W. Bachmann

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

A series of experimental ponds, utilizing treated sewage effluent as a water source, have been constructed at the Ames Water Pollution Control Plant. Fathead minnow fry were introduced into the ponds in the summer of 1969 and observations were made on their growth rates, reproduction, and food habits during the summer months. Growth was comparable to that previously reported for hatchery ponds. The fish matured by mid-summer and successfully produced a second crop of fry. The use of tertiary ponds for fish production seems to be a useful approach to the conservation of natural resources.

Planktonic Diatoms From The Coralville Reservoir, Donald J. Schmidt, Everett Fee

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

A list of sixty-two planktonic diatom species is presented. These diatoms were collected from the Coralville Reservoir, a variable level flood control reservoir, located in east central Iowa. The collections were made during a sixteen-month, ecological study conducted during 1965 and 1966.

Helminth Parasites Of Rails And Host-Parasite Relationships Of The Trematode Protechinostoma Mucronisertulatum, Bryce C. Redington, Martin J. Ulmer

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

In a survey of 15 soras (Porzana carolina) and 31 Virginia rails (Rallus limicola) collected in Iowa during May-September 1963, Protechinostoma mucronisertulatum was the most frequently encountered trematode of the sora. It does not occur in the Virginia rail. Experimentally-developed metacercariae and adults were obtained and host-parasite relationships studied with special reference to annual incidence of infection in snails. Additional helminths of the sora and the Virginia rail include several representing new host records.

Life History And Ecology Of Western Blacknose Dace, Boone County, Iowa, 1963-1964, Richard L. Noble

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

A life history and ecology study of the western blacknose dace, Rhinichthys atratulus meleagris (Agassiz), was made on Elkhorn and Pease creeks, Boone County, Iowa. Total length equals 1.23 standard length; live length equals 1.03 preserved length; and live weight equals 0.90 preserved weight. Dace reached maturity at age II. Spawning occurred from early May through July over gravel. Number of eggs increased with length of females. Scale formation proceeded forward from the caudal peduncle at 16-20 mm standard length. Scale growth was not directly proportional to body growth. Annuli formed between March and May. Fish which lacked scales until …

Preliminary Survey Of The Algae Of Lake Ahquabi, Donald G. Delisle, Dennis H. Takahashi, Steve W. Weeber

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Forty-one genera of algae are reported from Lake Ahquabi, Warren County, Iowa. The most commonly occurring genera are Cladophora, Spirogyra, Hydrodictyon, Microcystis, Oscillatoria and Aphanizomenon. The latter three contribute to extensive blooms on the lake in late summer and fall.

The Postglacial Phytogeography Of The Iowan Lobe, L. J. Eilers

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The Iowan lobe of the Wisconsin glaciation is located in northeastern Iowa. Evidence is summarized which pertains to the migrations of the regional vegetation following the Wisconsin glaciations. The most recent climatic fluctuation to influence the distribution of the present flora was the Hypsithermal interval. The present distributions of several species are discussed in relation to the postglacial history of the flora. Eleven distribution maps of representative species are included. Most of the distribution patterns can be attributed to factors other than continuing postglacial migration. It appears that these plant distributions are primarily a function of the distribution of available …

Distribution Patterns Of Eastern Red-Cedar Juniperus Virginiana L. In Henry County, Iowa, Dolores Irma Graf, Roger Q. Landers, R. William Poulter

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The distribution patterns of Eastern red-cedar were studied in Henry County, Iowa, in a general survey and also in three intensive study areas in Marion, Jackson, and Wayne townships. It was found that the abundant seed sources of red-cedar and the predominantly rolling land in Henry County make extensive establishment of red-cedars possible. In the northern tier of townships red-cedars are restricted to fence lines and roadsides whereas in the hilly southern three tiers of townships they are much more abundant.

Spawning Periodicity Of The River Carpsucker, Carpiodes Carpio, David J. Behmer

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The sex ratio of river carpsuckers collected from the Des Moines River differed significantly from 1:1, females being most abundant. Spawning had already begun in early June and some fish were found ripe as late as August. No carpsuckers younger than age IV were found mature. All ripening carpsucker ovaries contained a group of eggs that seemed to be degenerating. It is not certain if carpsuckers spawn more than once in a season.

An Ecological Analysis Of Silver Lake Fen I. The Aquatic Metazoan Fauna, Lawrence Eickstaedt

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The aquatic metazoan fauna and physicochemical features of the Silver Lake Fen, Dickinson County, Iowa, were investigated. The pools displayed high values of alkalinity, calcium and total hardness, sulfate and dissolved solids; neutral to alkaline conditions; and extreme diurnal variability in dissolved gasses, pH and temperature. Fifty metazoan species have been collected from this unique and rigorous habitat, with nine species being most abundant and widespread. Possible causal factors dealing with population dispersion are discussed.

Food And Growth Of Spottail Shiners And Other Forage Fishes Of Clear Lake, Lowa, Bernard L. Griswold

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Collections of spottail shiners, Notropsis hudsonius, and other forage fishes were made by systematic seining in Clear Lake in 1961. Spottails made up 71.6 per cent of all forage species and were collected most frequently in areas of vegetation. Although most spawning occurred in late May and early June, a few spottails apparently spawned in August. Young spottails grew an average of 0.05 millimeters per day which is slower than in warmer years. No parasites of spottails were observed. Tadpole madtoms, Noturus gyrinus, made up 18.4 per cent of all forage species collected, higher than any previous year. All species …

Age, Growth, And Food Habits Of Johnny, Slenderhead And Blacksided Darters Of Boone County, Lowa, James R. Karr

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Age, growth, and food habit studies were done on 61 johnny darters, Etheostoma nigrum, 25 slenderhead darters, Percina phoxocephala, and 18 blacksided darters, P. maculata, taken from the Des Moines River, Boone County, Iowa, during the summer 1962. The growth rate of blacksided darter is faster than either of the other two species. Coefficients of condition, length-weight relationships, and body-scale relationships are similar for the three species. The food of all species is over 90% insect. Leeches and tapeworms parasitized the darters.