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Articles 1 - 30 of 31
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Police Reform, Civil Society And Everyday Legitimacy: A Lesson From Northern Ireland, Branka Marijan, Dejan Guzina
Police Reform, Civil Society And Everyday Legitimacy: A Lesson From Northern Ireland, Branka Marijan, Dejan Guzina
Political Science Faculty Publications
In post-conflict zones, there is a need to better understand the role of civil society in building the legitimacy of reformed police institutions. Northern Ireland provides an instructive case in this regard, as community involvement and civilian oversight of policing structures were prominent in the reform process. While much has been achieved since the 1999 Independent Commission on Policing, the question of police legitimation is still largely unresolved. In order for police reform to be fully realized, and to ensure that everyday legitimacy is established, more attention must be paid to building relationships between the police and local communities.
A University Campus Gone Glocal: From The Global Exchange To The Experiences Of The Local, Linda Stevenson, Marcos Campillo-Fenoll
A University Campus Gone Glocal: From The Global Exchange To The Experiences Of The Local, Linda Stevenson, Marcos Campillo-Fenoll
Political Science Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
An Analysis Of Political And Legal Debates Concerning Medicaid Expansion In Virginia, Rick Mayes, Benjamin Paul
An Analysis Of Political And Legal Debates Concerning Medicaid Expansion In Virginia, Rick Mayes, Benjamin Paul
Political Science Faculty Publications
The Supreme Court’s historic June 2012 ruling regarding the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius set the stage for a massive federalism battle over Medicaid expansion in the United States. The original language of the Act was intended to nationalize Medicaid by having every state expand their program’s eligibility to all individuals up to 138% of the federal poverty level. This would have significantly reshaped Medicaid, a joint federal-state health insurance program, into a universal entitlement for all low-income citizens. Currently, Medicaid eligibility varies dramatically from state to state. The Court held that the …
The Problem Of State Intervention In Post-Abolition Slavery: A Critique Of Consensus, Anthony Talbott, David Watkins
The Problem Of State Intervention In Post-Abolition Slavery: A Critique Of Consensus, Anthony Talbott, David Watkins
Political Science Faculty Publications
Slavery is now illegal by all states and under international law. Contrary to the hopes of abolitionists, this state of affairs has transformed rather than eradicated slavery as an institution. Furthermore, responses by states to post-abolition forms of slavery have often been less than ideal. This paper begins by comparing two state responses to slavery in the early 20th century: the federal peonage trials in Montgomery, Alabama from 1903-1905, and the federal response to an alleged epidemic of “white slavery” from 1909-1910, culminating in the passage of the White Slave-Traffic Act. Taken together, these responses engender pessimism about the state …
La Guerra Como Una Labor Política: Cómo Usar Las Ciencias Sociales Para Lograr El Éxito Estratégico, Matthew J. Schmidt
La Guerra Como Una Labor Política: Cómo Usar Las Ciencias Sociales Para Lograr El Éxito Estratégico, Matthew J. Schmidt
Political Science Faculty Publications
En las ciencias sociales contemporáneas, se estudian los fenómenos sociales en términos de variables interdependientes —en lugar de dependientes. Aún para los científicos sociales acostumbrados a ese tipo de investigación, resulta frustrante establecer claras teorías de causa-efecto para los fenómenos que constan de variables interdependientes —fenómenos tales como la guerra. De hecho, los variables interdependientes hacen imposibles las predicciones tipo ciencias duras. Sin embargo, esto no significa que los planteamientos cualitativos deben ser descartados. Más bien, una comprensión del valor y limitaciones de los métodos cualitativos es crucial para una profesión que tiene la tarea de usar la fuerza para …
Political Obligation, Richard Dagger, David Lefkowitz
Political Obligation, Richard Dagger, David Lefkowitz
Political Science Faculty Publications
This essay begins, therefore, with a brief history of the problem of political obligation. It then turns, in Part II, to the conceptual questions raised by political obligation, such as what it means for an obligation to be political. In Part III the focus is on the skeptics, with particular attention to the self-proclaimed philosophical anarchists, who deny that political obligations exist yet do not want to abolish the state. Part IV surveys the leading contenders among the various theories of political obligation now on offer, and Part V concludes the essay with a brief consideration of recent proposals for …
Developments In Transnational Research Linkages: Evidence From U.S. Higher-Education Activity, Peter Koehn
Developments In Transnational Research Linkages: Evidence From U.S. Higher-Education Activity, Peter Koehn
Political Science Faculty Publications
In our knowledge-driven era, multiple and mutual benefits accrue from transnational research linkages. The article identifies important directions in transnational research collaborations involving U.S. universities revealed by key dimensions of 369 projects profiled on a U.S. higher-education association’s database. Project initiators, principal research fields, regional and country distributions, and the sources and amounts of funding for different types of transnational research activity are selected for analysis. The balanced total portfolio of reported current research projects by region suggests that U.S. university principal investigators increasingly recognize the value of collaborative knowledge generation in the Global South as well as in other …
Making The Machine Work: Technocratic Engineering Of Rights For Domestic Workers At The International Labour Organization, Leila Kawar
Political Science Faculty Publications
In September 2013, the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention concerning decent work for domestic workers entered into force, thereby bringing domestic workers into the mainstream of labor law. This article explores how the interests of the ILO’s constituents were shaken up and reconfigured to build support for new labor protections amidst the shifting global context of deregulation. I argue that technocratic devices—charts, questionnaires, and paragraph formatting—wielded by ILO insiders contributed to this development by creating epistemic space for this new category of employees to be recognized and for consensus to be secured on appropriate labor standards for this group. I …
Critical Junctures, Catalysts, And Democratic Consolidation In Turkey, Ramazan Kilinc
Critical Junctures, Catalysts, And Democratic Consolidation In Turkey, Ramazan Kilinc
Political Science Faculty Publications
IN FEBRUARY 1997, THE TURKISH MILITARY INTERVENED in politics to protect secularism from the "rising Islamist threat." This inter- vention resulted in the toppling of the coalition government led by the Islamic-oriented Welfare Party (RP, Refah Partisi ). Many civil and political restrictions followed this intervention, including the closure of the RP by the Constitutional Court. Two years later, the Chief of Staff, Hüseyin Kivnkoģlu, stated that "the 28 February process," by which he meant the military-sanctioned political configuration, would continue for one thou- sand years if necessary.1 However, by 2012, only 15 years after the inter- vention, the military's …
Nation-State Crises In The Absence And Presence Of Segment States: The Case Of Nicaragua, Caroline A. Hartzell
Nation-State Crises In The Absence And Presence Of Segment States: The Case Of Nicaragua, Caroline A. Hartzell
Political Science Faculty Publications
This study provides a critical examination of the relationship between segment states and nationalist crises through a consideration of Nicaragua's recent history. Nicaragua experienced a nationalist crisis from 1981 to the mid-1980s. That crisis ended with the creation of two autonomous regions on the Atlantic Coast. Although relations between the common state and the new segment state proved difficult over the next few years, the new arrangement held for two decades. Roughly around 2007, however, a new nation-state crisis emerged in Nicaragua. Taking advantage of the fact that Nicaragua provides an opportunity to compare two nation-state crises across time, this …
Overcoming Postcommunist Labour Weakness: Attritional And Enabling Effects Of Mncs In Central And Eastern Europe, Aleksandra Sznajder Lee, Vera Trappmann
Overcoming Postcommunist Labour Weakness: Attritional And Enabling Effects Of Mncs In Central And Eastern Europe, Aleksandra Sznajder Lee, Vera Trappmann
Political Science Faculty Publications
Based on micro-level analysis of the developments in the steel sector in Poland, Romania and Slovakia, this paper examines the effects of multinational corporations (MNCs) on labour unions in Central and Eastern Europe. It makes a three-fold argument. First, it shows that union weakness can be attributed to unions’ strategies during the restructuring and privatization processes of postcommunist transition. Consequently, tactics used for union regeneration in the West are less applicable to CEE. Rather, the overcoming of postcommunist legacy is linked to the power of transnational capital. Through attritional and enabling effects, ownership by MNCs forces the unions to focus …
Slavery In Europe: Part 2, Testing A Predictive Model, Monti Narayan Datta, Kevin Bales
Slavery In Europe: Part 2, Testing A Predictive Model, Monti Narayan Datta, Kevin Bales
Political Science Faculty Publications
Since the passage of the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act and the United Nations Palermo Protocols of 2000, there has been an increased focus on the magnitude and complexity of modern day slavery. Yet, surprisingly, little empirical work exists. A comprehensive review of the literature by Elzbieta Gozdziak and Micah Bump in 2008 found that quantitative methodologies were noticeably scarce and that the dominant anti-trafficking discourse was not evidence based. One reason for this scarcity has been the difficulty in obtaining reliable representative data. In this paper, we utilize a novel measure of contemporary slavery in Europe that …
Policy Change And Venue Choices: Field Burning In Idaho And Washington, Aaron J. Ley, Edward P. Weber
Policy Change And Venue Choices: Field Burning In Idaho And Washington, Aaron J. Ley, Edward P. Weber
Political Science Faculty Publications
Grass seed farmers have burned their fields in Idaho and Washington State for decades. Field burning, however, creates small particulate matter air pollution, thus engendering a growing public backlash by the 1990s that manifested itself in new clean air advocacy groups. The new groups’ push for policy change eventually met with significant success in both cases. How did each set of advocates approach the challenge of policy change? More specifically, what kinds of policy venues did each group choose and why? This research uses the cases to explore and explain each clean air group's choices vis-à-vis hypotheses of venue choice. …
Mixed Motives? Explaining The Decision To Integrate Militaries At Civil War's End, Caroline A. Hartzell
Mixed Motives? Explaining The Decision To Integrate Militaries At Civil War's End, Caroline A. Hartzell
Political Science Faculty Publications
Book Summary: Negotiating a peaceful end to civil wars, which often includes an attempt to bring together former rival military or insurgent factions into a new national army, has been a frequent goal of conflict resolution practitioners since the Cold War. In practice, however, very little is known about what works, and what doesn't work, in bringing together former opponents to build a lasting peace.
Contributors to this volume assess why some civil wars result in successful military integration while others dissolve into further strife, factionalism, and even renewed civil war. Eleven cases are studied in detail—Sudan, Zimbabwe, Lebanon, Rwanda, …
Commanding Legality: The Juridification Of Immigration Policymaking In France, Leila Kawar
Commanding Legality: The Juridification Of Immigration Policymaking In France, Leila Kawar
Political Science Faculty Publications
The emergence of constitutional review in France has attracted substantial attention from scholars of public law. Yet little has been written about the political implications of the expansion of rights-based review on the part of France's highest administrative jurisdiction, the Conseil d'Etat. The argument is made in this paper that repeat litigation by French lawyers defending the cause of immigrants is an important site for observing the symbolic power of legal forms. The analysis focuses on cases challenging immigration-related administrative regulations and shows how the process of repeatedly adjudicating these issues has focused attention away from litigants and their claims …
Applying Community-Based Learning In Teaching And Researching Contemporary Slavery, Monti Narayan Datta
Applying Community-Based Learning In Teaching And Researching Contemporary Slavery, Monti Narayan Datta
Political Science Faculty Publications
Over the past several years, student demand for courses, research opportunities, and internships in the realm of human rights and modern-day slavery has reached a tipping point, for several reasons. First, social media have made contemporary slavery a familiar issue. MTV’s Exit Campaign (http://mtvexit.org), for instance, has informed at least 20 million people about the subject since the campaign’s launch in 2004. Second, Hollywood has taken notice. With films like 2009’s Taken, starring Liam Neeson as a father who single-handedly (even if unrealistically) rescues his daughter from the clutches of sex traffickers in Europe, students know trafficking is a moral …
The Adaptive Venue Shopping Framework: How Emergent Groups Choose Environmental Policymaking Venues, Aaron J. Ley, Edward P. Weber
The Adaptive Venue Shopping Framework: How Emergent Groups Choose Environmental Policymaking Venues, Aaron J. Ley, Edward P. Weber
Political Science Faculty Publications
Scholars have succeeded in producing several explanations for why groups choose to pursue their policymaking goals in different venues. A synthetic framework that explains the choices these groups make is developed through two case studies describing a conflict over the environmental problem of agricultural field burning. Emergent, boundedly rational, groups with a mission to clear the air of the pollutants associated with field burning, are found to be choosing venues by strategically assessing the institutional context. The particular institutional context that matters involves three primary elements: the group’s mix of resources, opponents’ resource strengths, and the degree of venue accessibility. …
Peacebuilding After Civil War, Caroline A. Hartzell
Peacebuilding After Civil War, Caroline A. Hartzell
Political Science Faculty Publications
Book Summary: This comprehensive new Handbook explores the significance and nature of armed intrastate conflict and civil war in the modern world. Civil wars and intrastate conflict represent the principal form of organised violence since the end of World War II, and certainly in the contemporary era. These conflicts have a huge impact and drive major political change within the societies in which they occur, as well as on an international scale. The global importance of recent intrastate and regional conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, Somalia, Nepal, Cote d'Ivoire, Syria and Libya – amongst others – has served to refocus …
The Costs And Benefits Of American Policymaking Venues, Aaron J. Ley
The Costs And Benefits Of American Policymaking Venues, Aaron J. Ley
Political Science Faculty Publications
Many law and policy scholars consider judges inimical to good public policymaking, and the criticisms they level on the judiciary implicitly reflect some of the concerns raised by Alexander Bickel and other critics. Despite the charge by critics that judges are institutionally ill equipped to participate in the policy-making process and that legal processes are costly, there are reasons to believe otherwise. This article uses field interviews and three case studies of an environmental dispute in the Pacific Northwest to show that the judiciary can be an institutional venue that enhances public input, can be more inclusive than other venues, …
Snapshots From The Margins: Transgressive Cosmopolitanisms In Europe, Feyzi Baban, Kim Rygiel
Snapshots From The Margins: Transgressive Cosmopolitanisms In Europe, Feyzi Baban, Kim Rygiel
Political Science Faculty Publications
Right-wing parties and governments in Europe have recently expressed greater hostility towards cultural pluralism, at times officially denunciating multiculturalism, and calling for the closure of borders and denial of rights to non-European nationals. Within this context, this article argues for rethinking Europe through radically transgressive and transnational understandings of cosmopolitanism as articulated by growing transnational populations within Europe such as immigrants, refugees, and irregular migrants. Transgressive forms of cosmopolitanism disrupt European notions of borders and identities in ways that challenge both liberal multiculturalism and assimilationist positions. This article explores the limits of traditional cosmopolitan thinking while offering a vision of …
Cedaw And Gender Violence: An Empirical Assessment, Neil A. Englehart
Cedaw And Gender Violence: An Empirical Assessment, Neil A. Englehart
Political Science Faculty Publications
Does the Convention for the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) reduce violence against women? CEDAW has the distinction of being an unusually effective human rights treaty: promoting women’s political rights in particular, having a modest effect on women’s social rights, but showing little or no effect on economic rights.1 However, unlike these other rights, the CEDAW Treaty does not explicitly mention violence. The CEDAW Committee interpreted the Treaty as covering gender violence after the fact. It issued General Recommendations in 1989 and 1992 mandating states to collect information and take action on the issue, respectively.2 The …
Using Big Data And Quantitative Methods To Estimate And Fight Modern Day Slavery, Monti Narayan Datta
Using Big Data And Quantitative Methods To Estimate And Fight Modern Day Slavery, Monti Narayan Datta
Political Science Faculty Publications
Given the hidden, criminal nature of contemporary slavery, empirically estimating the proportion of the population enslaved at the national and global level is a challenge. At the same time, little is understood about what happens to the lives of the survivors of slavery once they are free. I discuss some data collection methods from two nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) I have worked with that shed light on these issues. The first NGO, the Walk Free Foundation, estimates that there are about 30 million enslaved in the world today. The second NGO, Free the Slaves, employs a longitudinal analysis to chronicle the …
Aiming For Certainty: The Kanun, Blood Feuds And The Ascertainment Of Customary Law, Sandra F. Joireman
Aiming For Certainty: The Kanun, Blood Feuds And The Ascertainment Of Customary Law, Sandra F. Joireman
Political Science Faculty Publications
Customary law is an alternative legal framework to statute or public law. In the past the existence of customary law was viewed as problematic due to the uncertainty which accompanies legal pluralism. Increasingly, scholars are recognizing legal pluralism as simply a reality to be negotiated, rather than a problem. One frequently proposed solution to the difficulties posed by the existence of customary law is to write it down, or ascertain it, in order to provide for legal certainty. This article addresses this goal in three parts. The first part describes customary law and how it functions in its uncodified form …
Strategies For Health Care Cost Containment (1980s-Present), Rick Mayes
Strategies For Health Care Cost Containment (1980s-Present), Rick Mayes
Political Science Faculty Publications
The U.S. health care system during the past three decades has been over two interrelated questions: first, who will control the manner in which medical care is paid for, and, second, how much will it cost? Many health care experts believe that Medicare's efforts at cost control, primarily in the form of the program's seminal transition to and continual modification of prospective payment of health care providers, has both triggered and repeatedly intensified the economic restructuring of the U.S. health care system. Medicare is an almost $600 billion public health insurance program for individuals sixty-five years of age and older; …
Yemen Between Revolution And Counter-Terrorism, Sheila Carapico
Yemen Between Revolution And Counter-Terrorism, Sheila Carapico
Political Science Faculty Publications
This chapter juxtaposes these seemingly two quite different storylines - one about Yemeni aspirations for social justice and better governance and the other about American and Saudi operations undertaken in the name of combating terrorism. The so-called GCC Initiative, and in particular the National Dialogue Conference process playing out as this book goes to press, provides the link between them. From the perspective of domestic politics, the Dialogue can be read as the outcome of agitation by the new generation of 'peaceful youth', as well as an outgrowth of Yemen's tradition of dialogue - an historic effort to resolve crisis …
Rebuilding Communities After Violent Conflict: Informal Justice Systems And Resource Access, Sandra F. Joireman
Rebuilding Communities After Violent Conflict: Informal Justice Systems And Resource Access, Sandra F. Joireman
Political Science Faculty Publications
A community recovering from war or ethnic conflict has to find ways of reweaving the fabric of economic and social life with new patterns of interaction and changed demographics.2 In post-‐‑conflict settings customary law has a particular attraction because of the moral authority it brings to the establishment of order. Customary law is familiar, tied to the identity and history of a community, and operates independently of outside resources. Although the term evokes images of a universal acceptance and ancient origin, customary law has always been dynamic, defined by those in power, and subject to political interests.3 Informal …
Environmental Regulation, Michelle C. Pautz
Environmental Regulation, Michelle C. Pautz
Political Science Faculty Publications
The terms environment and regulation are commonplace in political and policy debates about the natural environment, the role of science, and the behavior of government. Indeed, these terms reference a very contentious area of public policy and are emblematic of the growing tensions between science and politics. This chapter overviews the definition, types, and history of environmental regulation before turning to the intersection of science and politics in environmental policy and considering current and future challenges for this aspect of governmental activity.
South Korea’S National Energy Plan Six Years On, John S. Duffield
South Korea’S National Energy Plan Six Years On, John S. Duffield
Political Science Faculty Publications
In 2008, South Korea adopted ambitious targets for reducing its dependence on energy imports and its carbon emissions simultaneously. The first National Energy Plan called for cutting energy intensity by nearly half and reducing the country’s dependence on imported fossil fuels by more than one quarter by 2030. Fossil fuels would be replaced by nuclear power and renewable sources of energy, which together would meet nearly 40 percent of South Korea’s energy needs. The achievement of these targets has been impeded by a number of obstacles, however. In response, the government has adjusted its goals, most recently with the adoption …
Article I, Section 4, Clause 1, Anthony A. Peacock
Article I, Section 4, Clause 1, Anthony A. Peacock
Political Science Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
War As Political Work: Using Social Science For Strategic Success, Matthew J. Schmidt
War As Political Work: Using Social Science For Strategic Success, Matthew J. Schmidt
Political Science Faculty Publications
Army culture favors a quantitative/predictive approach to analyze problems. The author argues, however, that strategic thinking requires the relative subjectivity of a qualitative approach to problem solving.