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Molecularly Targeted Treatments For Urothelial And Renal Cell Carcinomas, Andre R. Jordan
Molecularly Targeted Treatments For Urothelial And Renal Cell Carcinomas, Andre R. Jordan
Open Access Dissertations
Bladder cancer (BCa) is the 4th most common cancer in men, and more often presents as advanced disease in women. Management of BCa is complicated and costly due to high rates of recurrence and progression, multifocality, and heterogeneity of tumors. The hyaluronic acid-HYAL-1 system is a molecular driver of BCa. Tumor cell-derived hyaluronidase, HYAL-1, degrades hyaluronic acid (HA) into angiogenic fragments (AGF: 10-12 disaccharides). AGF support tumor growth and progression. In preclinical models of BCa, we evaluated whether o-sulfated AGF (sHA-F) inhibits HYAL-1 HAase activity and has antitumor activity. At IC50 for HAase activity inhibition (5-20 µg/ml [0.4-1.7 µM]), sHA-F …
Untangling The Complexities Of Patient Navigation Interventions For Engagement In Care Among People Living With Hiv Who Use Drugs Or Alcohol, Sharleen M. Traynor
Untangling The Complexities Of Patient Navigation Interventions For Engagement In Care Among People Living With Hiv Who Use Drugs Or Alcohol, Sharleen M. Traynor
Open Access Dissertations
Engaging and retaining individuals with HIV who also use drugs or alcohol in care is essential to reducing HIV-related morbidity and mortality in the United States. HIV-infected individuals who use substances are less likely to access care, adhere to treatment plans, and achieve viral suppression compared to those who do not report substance use. This leads to uncontrolled infection and contributes to ongoing disease transmission. Multiple factors are associated with poor engagement in HIV care and often include a combination of syndemic psychosocial factors, comorbid conditions, and structural barriers to healthcare utilization. Patient Navigation (PN) is a client-centered intervention designed …
Reimagining Gender Violence: Understanding Community-Based Organizations’ Use Of Restorative And Transformative Justices As Social Change Strategies, Ahjané D. Billingsley
Reimagining Gender Violence: Understanding Community-Based Organizations’ Use Of Restorative And Transformative Justices As Social Change Strategies, Ahjané D. Billingsley
Open Access Dissertations
Currently, the “violence against women” (VAW) frame that informs dominant responses to gender violence has had limited success. This frame often excludes victims who are men, gender diverse, and those of sexual minorities, and the omissions have resulted in collateral harms to victims and communities. Scholars and community psychologists have noted the need for multilevel, ecological, and multidimensional gender violence interventions and preventions. Some community-based organizations are responding to the limitations of the VAW frame by using restorative justice and/or transformative justice/community accountability social change strategies within social settings to understand and address gender violence. This study used interpretive phenomenology …
Non-Sovereign Poetics: Rethinking Nationalism And Independence In Puerto Rico, Martinique, And Guadeloupe, Fély Catan
Non-Sovereign Poetics: Rethinking Nationalism And Independence In Puerto Rico, Martinique, And Guadeloupe, Fély Catan
Open Access Dissertations
This dissertation reconsiders the notion of political sovereignty, independence and nationalism in the non-sovereign Caribbean context. I explore the ways in which writers and artists from Puerto Rico, Martinique, and Guadeloupe envision alternative epistemologies to the Western concepts of sovereignty and the nation-state. By questioning the traditional model of state sovereignty through the linguistic, aesthetic, and thematic components of their texts, plays, and visual, I argue that these artists have expressed other ways to be sovereign. This dissertation analyzes a defiant artistic production that originates in a contemporary crossroads for economic survival in a Caribbean context. I investigate how the …
Informing An Intervention To Address High-Risk Sexual Behavior In Hispanic Men Who Have Sex With Men, Jacob Martinez
Informing An Intervention To Address High-Risk Sexual Behavior In Hispanic Men Who Have Sex With Men, Jacob Martinez
Open Access Dissertations
Hispanic men who have sex with men (MSM) continue to be disproportionately affected by HIV infection. However, few interventions have been shown to be effective in decreasing high-risk sexual behaviors among Hispanic MSM. The purpose of this dissertation study was to explore factors that may contribute to Hispanic MSM engagement in interventions to decrease high-risk sexual behaviors and to add relevant data to inform a culturally appropriate intervention. A qualitative descriptive research design was utilized to conduct in-depth, semi-structured interviews with a sample of 21 Hispanic MSM from various collaborator community sites in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Data were analyzed using …
The Effect Of A High Intensity Interval Exercise Bout On Addictive Behaviors In Overweight/Obese Adults, Sarah Zaldivar
The Effect Of A High Intensity Interval Exercise Bout On Addictive Behaviors In Overweight/Obese Adults, Sarah Zaldivar
Open Access Dissertations
Addictive snacking can contribute to excessive caloric intake having an adverse effect on body weight and the obesity pandemic. Studies have reported that moderate intensity exercise decreases chocolate consumption. However, the effect of high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on addictive snacking is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a brief HIIE bout on cravings, affect (affective valence and affective activation), and attentional bias to chocolate. Twelve regular chocolate eaters (10 premenopausal females; 2 males; mean age: 30.5 ± 7.37 years, mean BMI: 28.67 ± 4.5 kg/m2) abstained from chocolate consumption for 24 h prior to evaluation. Participants …
Leveraging Admixture In United States Minority Populations To Elucidate The Genetic Underpinnings Of Multiple Sclerosis, Ashley Harris Beecham
Leveraging Admixture In United States Minority Populations To Elucidate The Genetic Underpinnings Of Multiple Sclerosis, Ashley Harris Beecham
Open Access Dissertations
Notable progress has been made towards unraveling the genetic architecture of multiple sclerosis (MS) within ancestral European populations; with 200 confirmed variants outside of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) explaining ~19% of the genetic predisposition to MS, and the MHC alone explaining ~20%. However, the genetics of MS in Hispanics and African Americans remains largely understudied. I proposed to examine the role of the previously confirmed non-MHC MS risk loci in United States patient populations of Hispanics and African Americans and to identify novel loci. In Hispanics, I proposed to extend these analyses; both to characterize the MHC and to …
Cervical Cancer Prevention And Control In Haitian Women Living In South Florida And The Central Plateau Of Haiti, Rhoda K. Moise
Cervical Cancer Prevention And Control In Haitian Women Living In South Florida And The Central Plateau Of Haiti, Rhoda K. Moise
Open Access Dissertations
The cervical cancer burden in Haiti is among the highest in the world, despite being a largely preventable disease through primary (i.e., vaccination against Human papillomavirus (HPV), the principal cause of cervical cancer), and secondary (i.e., routine cervical cancer screening) prevention strategies. Haitian women likely face multiple barriers to disease prevention though knowledge of these barriers remains limited, particularly from a multilevel, transnational orientation. This dissertation aims to fill this gap. Guided by the PEN-3 model and the tenets of Community Engaged Research, the three associated papers rely on mixed methodologies to articulate the complex interplay between socio-cultural, environmental, political, …
Food Insecurity: Deconstructing Its Predictors And Relationship To Hiv Medication Adherence, Lacey Critchley
Food Insecurity: Deconstructing Its Predictors And Relationship To Hiv Medication Adherence, Lacey Critchley
Open Access Dissertations
In recent years, increasing attention and research has been placed on how to better engage people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) in the HIV care continuum, as treatment for HIV/AIDS is now extremely effective. However, several marginalized populations continue to be disproportionately affected by the virus, hampering efforts to end the epidemic. Substance users remain one of the most difficult groups to engage and retain in HIV care and often have unsuppressed poorly controlled HIV infection as a result of inadequate antiretroviral (ART) adherence. Research shows substance users are also more likely to have multiple co-occurring social syndemics and engage in …
Pancreatic Islets Communicate With The Brain Via Vagal Sensory Neurons, Madina Makhmutova
Pancreatic Islets Communicate With The Brain Via Vagal Sensory Neurons, Madina Makhmutova
Open Access Dissertations
Sensory denervation affects pancreatic islet function, glucose metabolism and diabetes onset, but how islet endocrine cells interact with sensory neurons has not been studied. In this thesis work we attempted to anatomically and physiologically characterize vagal islet-brain pathway in search of the sensory modality that islet is transmitting to the brain. Here we show that the pancreatic islets are innervated by vagal sensory axons expressing substance P, calcitonin-gene related peptide, and serotonin receptor 5HT3R. Vagal neurons projecting to the pancreas terminate in the commissural nucleus of the solitary tract. These neurons respond to chemical but not mechanical stimulation of the …
Externalizing Problems And Hispanic/Latinx Adolescents: A Bioecological Approach, Evan Thomas Stanforth
Externalizing Problems And Hispanic/Latinx Adolescents: A Bioecological Approach, Evan Thomas Stanforth
Open Access Dissertations
Externalizing problems often develop during adolescence and cause harm to the individuals with these problems and to others in society. Hispanic/Latinx adolescents develop externalizing problems at relatively higher rates and in ways that involve systemic influences. The present study aimed to enhance clarity in this area by examining externalizing problems as a dimension of psychopathology and applying constructs of Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory (2005). This was attempted by examining: a) externalizing problems as a continuous spectrum, b1) relations the problems have with proximal processes of adolescent-caregiver relations, b2) and exploring differences across contexts specified as three immigration-based groups (1st generation immigrant, …
Social Determinants Of Hiv Treatment Engagement Among Postpartum Black Women Living With Hiv (Wlwh), Emmanuela Nneamaka Ojukwu
Social Determinants Of Hiv Treatment Engagement Among Postpartum Black Women Living With Hiv (Wlwh), Emmanuela Nneamaka Ojukwu
Open Access Dissertations
Engagement in postpartum Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment is critical to decreasing maternal morbidity and mortality, and poor infant health outcomes. HIV-related maternal morbidity is one of the leading causes of death among women of reproductive age, with as many as 8,500 HIV-infected women giving birth annually in the US. The risk of HIV-related maternal morbidity is greater for Black women who are disproportionately affected by the disease with an infection rate of 59% compared to 20% for Whites, and 21% for other minorities. Black women also have the highest rates of unintended pregnancies, HIV-related mortality, and being lost to …
African American Women's Experiences Of Race-Based Traumatic Stress, Amina Y. Simmons
African American Women's Experiences Of Race-Based Traumatic Stress, Amina Y. Simmons
Open Access Dissertations
Assessments of racism are linked to increased risk of anxiety (Soto, Dawson- Andoh, & BeLue, 2011), depression (Lee & Turney, 2012), and increased symptoms of PTSD (Polanco-Roman, Danies, & Anglin, 2016), leading scholars to infer racism may be a type of traumatic stress (Carter, 2007; Helms, Nicolas, & Green, 2010). African American men and women report similar frequency and levels of racism-related stress (Jackson, Shestov, & Saadatmand, 2017; Kwate & Goodman, 2015) however, the impacts appear significant for Black women (Chyu and Upchurch, 2011; Jackson, Shestov, & Saadatmand, 2017). This exploratory study sought greater understanding of Black women’s experiences with …
Mexicanidad Reloaded: Multiple Histories And Narratives In Contemporary Novels And Film From 1989 To 2002, Ariana Heydi Magdaleno-Yntema
Mexicanidad Reloaded: Multiple Histories And Narratives In Contemporary Novels And Film From 1989 To 2002, Ariana Heydi Magdaleno-Yntema
Open Access Dissertations
This dissertation examines Brianda Domecq’s new historical novel La insólita historia de la Santa de Cabora (1990), Carmen Boullosa’s origin novel Duerme (1994), and Carlos Reygadas’s auteur film Japón (2002), and studies the way these texts rearticulate Mexican history and Mexicanidad. These works reload Mexico’s history and understanding of what is to be Mexican by intersecting fiction with the historical and literary archive and by positioning marginal figures in leading roles. I define the term reload as an intentional postmodern objective in which historical constructions of the past are continually updated; to reload does not mean to deconstruct or …
Impacts Of Demographics, Symptom Presentation, And Clinical Factors On Tf-Cbt Service Utilization, Lucia M. Walsh
Impacts Of Demographics, Symptom Presentation, And Clinical Factors On Tf-Cbt Service Utilization, Lucia M. Walsh
Open Access Dissertations
Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a common trauma, but up to half of youth who demonstrate associated symptoms do not obtain treatment in a timely manner. Demographic variables have been examined to better understand service utilization patterns in CSA youth, but more complex factors (e.g., symptom profiles) remain relatively ignored. This study sought to understand the relationship between symptoms, commonly examined demographics, and service utilization in a large sample of CSA youth. Youth were ethnically and linguistically diverse, predominantly low-income, and referred for evaluation and treatment at a Child Advocacy Center. Latent profile analysis was used to create profiles of …
The Moderating Role Of Race/Ethnicity And Cultural Factors On The Relationship Between Internalized Stigma, Discrimination And Help-Seeking Attitudes, Ana Martinez De Andino
The Moderating Role Of Race/Ethnicity And Cultural Factors On The Relationship Between Internalized Stigma, Discrimination And Help-Seeking Attitudes, Ana Martinez De Andino
Open Access Dissertations
Research indicates grave underutilization of mental health services among racial/ethnic minorities (REM) as compared to their Caucasian counterparts (SAMHSA, 2012; U.S Department of Health and Human Services, 2001). The current study is aimed at examining reasons that might explain why REMs are less likely to seek mental health services when in need. Some research indicates that internalized mental health stigma and greater experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination may decrease the likelihood that REMs seek professional psychological help. However, little attention has been paid to the study of help-seeking in multicultural individuals, or those who, from birth, belong to more than one …
Chronic Condition Patterns In The Us Population And Their Associations With Health Outcomes, Dandan Diane Zheng
Chronic Condition Patterns In The Us Population And Their Associations With Health Outcomes, Dandan Diane Zheng
Open Access Dissertations
Advances in modern medicine have substantially increased life expectancy and improved the outcomes of previously fatal diseases. As a result, more and more people are living into old age and developing chronic conditions. Persons with multiple chronic conditions are more likely to be hospitalized, have poor daily functioning, and elevated risk of death. A disproportionate share of health expenditures is incurred by individuals with multiple chronic conditions. Visual impairment (VI) is among the most disabling conditions. VI and visual disorders often co-occur with other disabling chronic conditions. The health effects of living with multiple chronic conditions in the presence of …
Defying The Stereotypes - Factors That Influence The Persistence Of Black Males In The Community College, Carol Anne Clinton
Defying The Stereotypes - Factors That Influence The Persistence Of Black Males In The Community College, Carol Anne Clinton
Open Access Dissertations
Research on the success of Black male students in higher education at four-year institutions came to the forefront in the 1990s, but largely ignored Black males attending community colleges. In spite of their high rate of attendance at these two-year institutions, Black males were not persisting in numbers commensurate with their enrollment. Black males attending community colleges are often less academically, socially, and culturally prepared than their counterparts at four-year institutions. Yet, some do persist in spite of the barriers. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the factors that influence the persistence of this population. The setting …
Observing Self-Regulation In Context In Head Start Classrooms And Dual Language Learners’ School Readiness, Elizabeth M. Frechette
Observing Self-Regulation In Context In Head Start Classrooms And Dual Language Learners’ School Readiness, Elizabeth M. Frechette
Open Access Dissertations
The purpose of this study is to examine the association between the self-regulation skills, classroom context, and academic achievement in a sample of Spanish-English speaking Dual Language Learners (DLLs) from low-income homes. Considering the national focus on improving early education for DLL children enrolled in early childhood programs, it is important to examine the measurement of developmental skills, like self-regulation, that contribute to later success. The current study (1) examined the association between a direct assessment and an ecobehavioral observation of self-regulation skills, (2) examined which contexts of the preschool classroom were associated with children's use of self-regulated behaviors, and …
Sociocultural Variables That Predict Attrition From A Culturally Informed Group Therapy For Patients With Schizophrenia And Their Family Members, Jessica Maura
Open Access Dissertations
Individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders appear to be at high risk for dropout from treatment. Despite these findings, few studies have examined the potential impact that sociocultural variables may play in treatment dropout within this vulnerable population. Moreover, very little work has examined the function of these variables in group therapy (an approach that has increased in popularity and may be less susceptible to attrition) and even less work has examined how these variables function among racial/ethnic minorities, who appear to be at higher risk for treatment dropout than Whites. The current study aimed to expand upon the literature by …
A Case Study: Programs For Black Males At Predominantly White Institutions, Liana C. Mentor
A Case Study: Programs For Black Males At Predominantly White Institutions, Liana C. Mentor
Open Access Dissertations
Despite prevailing evidence of black males under performing in comparison to their peers, there are programs that illuminate potential pathways PWIs have utilized to support success of Black males on college campuses. A multiple-case study approach was utilized to describe and examine three existing programs for Black males at PWIs that are designed to support their undergraduate academic and social experiences. This study describes how best practices and curricula of programs for black males at PWIs play an instrumental role in developing interpersonal relationships which may benefit the academic achievement and overall well-being of black males in addition to enhancing …
Provider Autonomy Support Across Adolescence: Impacts On Health Outcomes Among Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes, Christina J. Nicolais
Provider Autonomy Support Across Adolescence: Impacts On Health Outcomes Among Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes, Christina J. Nicolais
Open Access Dissertations
More than 200,000 youth in the United States have type 1 diabetes (T1D; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017), with approximately 17,900 newly diagnosed cases between 2011 and 2012. Treatments are complex, including multiple daily insulin injections or insulin pump use, monitoring of blood glucose levels and carbohydrate intake, and exercise (Wysocki, Buckloh, & Pierce, 2017). Only 21% of adolescents in the United States meet American Diabetes Association recommended goals for glycemic control (Wood et al., 2013). Multiple factors influence adherence in adolescence and subsequent health outcomes, including normative developmental tasks, parental involvement, and transition readiness. Research suggests that …
Conditional Roc Curves For A Paired Case-Control Design, Yalda Zarnegarnia
Conditional Roc Curves For A Paired Case-Control Design, Yalda Zarnegarnia
Open Access Dissertations
Many areas of research involve the analysis of correlated biomarker data. Correlated biomarker data arise from study designs including subjects that contain shared genetic or environmental factors. In a familial-matched design, the information about correlation might help to identify family members at increased risk of disease development and may lead to initiating treatment to slow or stop disease progression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves have been widely used in medical research to illustrate the performance of a biomarker in correctly distinguishing between diseased and non-diseased groups. Approaches appropriate to a familial-matched case-control design should accommodate inherent correlation in correctly estimating …
Teachers’ Experiences In Serving Late-Entering Central American Refugees With Limited Or Interrupted Formal Education, Kristin W. Kibler
Teachers’ Experiences In Serving Late-Entering Central American Refugees With Limited Or Interrupted Formal Education, Kristin W. Kibler
Open Access Dissertations
The overarching purpose of this study was to fill a gap in the academic literature not only by shedding light on the experiences and perceptions of teachers of late-entering Central American students with limited or interrupted formal education (SLIFE), all of whom teach in segregated, high-poverty, under-resourced, urban high schools, but in looking at what works in those challenging contexts. Therefore, the research questions asked what the teachers’ experiences have been in serving the focal students, what challenges the teachers have faced and how they have addressed them, how they effectively leveraged the focal students’ strengths and languaging practices in …
Social Avoidance Behavior Modulates Automatic Action Tendencies And Neural Activation To Social Conflict, Travis C. Evans
Social Avoidance Behavior Modulates Automatic Action Tendencies And Neural Activation To Social Conflict, Travis C. Evans
Open Access Dissertations
Previous research suggests that social avoidance behavior (SAB) serves as a transdiagnostic mechanism that underlies numerous phenotypes of psychopathology. Dual-process models propose automatic action tendencies and regulatory processes to approach or avoid affective facial expressions contribute in parallel to SAB. However, no research to date has examined the relationship between SAB and automatic action tendencies to affective facial expressions. Additionally, past research has exclusively used stereotypic facial expressions communicating intense social reward (100%Happy) or social threat (100%Angry), which are not ecologically valid or sensitive to individual differences. Instead, social communication is characterized by ambiguous facial expressions that communicate varying degrees …
Prediction Of Gait Kinetics After Acl Reconstruction Using A Depth Sensor-Driven Musculoskeletal Gait Model, Jeonghoon Oh
Prediction Of Gait Kinetics After Acl Reconstruction Using A Depth Sensor-Driven Musculoskeletal Gait Model, Jeonghoon Oh
Open Access Dissertations
Gait impairment is commonly observed following ACL reconstruction. Many individuals experience persistent deficits in lower extremity neuromuscular function and alterations in lower extremity movement patterns after ACL injury. Gait analysis using a laboratory-based motion capture system provides a quantitative assessment of the primary deficiencies during gait in ACL patients; however, due to its high cost, technical difficulty, lack of portability, considerable space requirements, and the protracted setup time, it is not feasible to utilize this technology in clinical settings. According to the literature, measurement of kinetics is vital following ACL reconstruction. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to validate …
Rural Space (Re)Produced: Alternative Representations, Practices And Imagination Of Post-Soviet Rural Women In Estonia, Kerli Kirch Schneider
Rural Space (Re)Produced: Alternative Representations, Practices And Imagination Of Post-Soviet Rural Women In Estonia, Kerli Kirch Schneider
Open Access Dissertations
The dominant discourses of Eastern European rural regions portray them as passive, homogeneous places and “the greatest ‘losers’ of the post-socialist transition” (Saar, 2008, 140). This dissertation explores the (re)production of post-Soviet rural space from the perspective of Estonian rural women. It utilizes a multi-perspectival approach that tackles the production of space from three interrelated angles: representational, material, and symbolic (Lefebvre, 1991; Halfacree, 2007). It asks what kind of (counter)hegemonic versions of post-socialist rurality and rural femininities emerge in connection with the representations, spatial practices and lived experiences of Estonian rural women, and which coherences and contradictions surface from the …
An Investigation Of The Acceptability And Usability Of A Simulated Patient Portal For Saudi Arabian Adults, Bandar Faisal Al Mifgai
An Investigation Of The Acceptability And Usability Of A Simulated Patient Portal For Saudi Arabian Adults, Bandar Faisal Al Mifgai
Open Access Dissertations
Electronic personal health records (PHRs) are interactive online systems that can offer patients numerous benefits related to managing their health. However, in many developing countries they are still uncommon and face potential barriers regarding their dissemination into society. This study examined the ability for a diverse sample of 203 adults within Saudi Arabia to interact with a simulated PHR in order to perform seven common health-management tasks. Results indicated that after controlling for education, perceived health, and perceived comfort using the Internet, both electronic health literacy and health numeracy were significant predictors of task performance, especially for those tasks classified …
The Effects Of Cognitively Guided Instruction (Cgi) On The Use Of Representational Modeling By First And Second Grade English Language Learners (Ells) During Individualized Assessments Of Arithmetic Word Problem Solving., Edwing A. Medina
Open Access Dissertations
Cognitively Guided Instruction (CGI) is a professional development framework that informs participating teachers regarding research-based knowledge of elementary arithmetic-problem types and children’s developmental strategies for solving them. A classroom taught led by CGI participants includes one where heterogeneous learners (including English Language Learners, ELLs) are using and discussing representational systems and modeling tools (such as base-10 blocks, snap cubes, fingers, and verbal narratives) as part of the collaborative whole-class and small group problem solving process. This exploratory study investigated the effects of classroom instruction by CGI teachers on ELLs’ use of representational systems as they independently solved arithmetic word problems. …
Effects Of Outcomes-Based Funding On Hispanic Student Retention And Graduation Rates At Two-Year Community Colleges, Sean Mcclain
Effects Of Outcomes-Based Funding On Hispanic Student Retention And Graduation Rates At Two-Year Community Colleges, Sean Mcclain
Open Access Dissertations
Higher education funding formulas have been implemented by state legislation since the 1800s to align state and institutional goals. Outcomes-based funding, or “performance-based funding 2.0,” emphasizes student performance measures such as retention and graduation rates, and is rapidly becoming the nation’s most popular funding policy as the calls for accountability increase. In this shift to outcomes-based funding, Hispanic students may be marginalized because of their tendency to have less college preparation, to enroll in two-year colleges, and to attend classes part-time. This study explored the effects of outcomes-based funding on Hispanic students from 2011 to 2015 across 50 states, with …